RÉSUMÉ
In this paper there was performed an analysis of the application of sanitary norms and rules concerning sanitary protective zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other facilities, including requirements for the sufficiency and accuracy of information in the performance of projects in sanitary protection zone (SPZ). There is presented an analysis of regulations that set requirements for implementation of mapping works in drafting the SPZ. The design of the SPZ was shown to be, on the one hand, the element of territorial planning subjects of the Russian Federation, on the other hand, the object of capital construction. The substantiations of requirements for graphic and text content, structure, and composition of data, sources of their obtaining, methods of data convergence are reported. There are revealed inconsistencies in Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPins) and in their relationship with the Town Planning and Land Code and other laws, and regulations adopted in their development.
Sujet(s)
Code de construction , Santé environnementale , Secteur public/normes , Amélioration du niveau sanitaire/normes , Code de construction/méthodes , Code de construction/normes , Industrie de la construction/normes , Santé environnementale/législation et jurisprudence , Santé environnementale/normes , Surveillance de l'environnement/législation et jurisprudence , Surveillance de l'environnement/méthodes , Réglementation gouvernementale , Humains , Russie , Génie sanitaire , Amélioration du niveau sanitaire/méthodesRÉSUMÉ
The results of the comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental security have been presented, theoretical and legal basis for the subsequent development of recommendations for the development and harmonization of legislation in the field of providing environmental security and environmental protection has been defined. The formation of ecological civil law and conceptual questions of territory development guaranteeing ecological safety have been considered. Objects of the study were international treaties, Constitution of Russian Federation, Law on Environmental Protection, Land Code and other laws containing positions concerning ecological safety and environmental protection. Identified as a result of the present study the contradictions in the area of law allow to develop and submit proposals for the improvement of legal regulation in the field of environmental and hygienic safety.
Sujet(s)
Écologie/organisation et administration , Environnement , Hygiène/législation et jurisprudence , Population , Sécurité/législation et jurisprudence , Humains , RussieSujet(s)
Guerre chimique , Maladie environnementale/épidémiologie , Surveillance de l'environnement/statistiques et données numériques , Médecine sociale/méthodes , Médecine sociale/organisation et administration , , Surveillance épidémiologique , État de santé , Humains , Dépistage de masse/méthodes , Russie/épidémiologieRÉSUMÉ
The results of field measurements made at four stationary atmosphere observation posts located within the dwelling area of a large industrial town and remote probing data obtained from a LANDSAT satellite having an ETM sensor (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) and from a Terra satellite having ASTER sensory techniques were comparatively characterized. Based on the developed signatures (measurement standards), the authors drew up technogenic ambient air pollution maps by principal components. The findings and the data obtained by using other technologies, such as simulation of the diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere by the maximum single and mean annual concentrations; assessment of the risk to human health, permitted a comprehensive assessment of the situation and were used to develop managerial decisions aimed at stabilizing the environmental sanitary situation in the region under study.
Sujet(s)
Polluants atmosphériques/analyse , Radiométrie/instrumentation , Spectrophotométrie IR/instrumentation , Pollution de l'environnement/effets indésirables , Humains , Magnétisme/instrumentationRÉSUMÉ
The article deals with peculiarities in diagnosis of diseases caused by environmental hazards. The diagnosis covers population level and includes evaluation of environmental quality. Analysis of health for whole population and for risk groups enables to reveal "indicator" diseases. Social and hygienic monitoring, complex sanitary and ecologic examination recommend disclosure of facts and causes for any "nonspecific" diseases, definition of disorders caused by specific environmental hazards. The authors consider unity of hygienic and epidemiologic analysis for causative relationships in "human-environment" system in evaluation of noninfectious risk factors.
Sujet(s)
Exposition environnementale/effets indésirables , Maladie environnementale , Maladie environnementale/diagnostic , Maladie environnementale/épidémiologie , Maladie environnementale/étiologie , HumainsRÉSUMÉ
Study using geoinformational technology provides integrity and compatibility of diverse information about territories, determines "cause-effect" relationships between environmental pollution parameters and some health state parameters. Intensive technogenic pollution with cadmium, zinc, mercury, copper, chromium, lead, benzpyrene, radionuclides could be assessed through data of ecologic and social hygienic monitoring and results of research works.
Sujet(s)
Écologie , Pollution de l'environnement , Systèmes d'information , Santé en zone urbaine , Adulte , Villes , Surveillance de l'environnement , Géographie , Humains , Industrie , Modèles théoriques , Mortalité , Recherche , Russie , LogicielRÉSUMÉ
Lipetsk town area was ranked according to maximal or minimal actual risk for public health (with consideration of medical and ecologic situation if influenced by technogenic hazards. That ranking enables to suggest municipal measures aimed at protection of population of ecologic hazards.
Sujet(s)
Écologie , Pollution de l'environnement/prévention et contrôle , Santé en zone urbaine/normes , Adulte , Enfant , Femelle , Produits dangereux/toxicité , Humains , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Grossesse , Facteurs de risque , RussieRÉSUMÉ
Chronic myeloid leukemia course was evaluated versus sex in 271 patients. Chronic stage involved more pronounced leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and splenomegaly in females, the latter showing higher susceptibility to anemia. As a result, treatment has to deal with a greater mass of tumor. A relatively longer survival time in males (44 and 42 months, respectively) suggest a higher effectiveness of therapy in such patients. When diagnosed, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, enhanced splenomegaly and anemia should be regarded as factors of unfavorable prognosis.