Adolescent depression and resting-state fMRI brain networks: a scoping review of longitudinal studies

The neurobiological factors associated with the emergence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence are still unclear. Previous cross-sectional studies have documented aberrant connectivity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) networks. However, whether these findings precede MDD onset has not been established. This scoping review mapped key methodological aspects and main findings of longitudinal rs-fMRI studies of MDD in adolescence. Three sets of neuroimaging methods to analyze rs-fMRI data were identified: seed-based analysis, independent component analysis, and network-based approaches. Main findings involved aberrant connectivity within and between the default mode network (DMN), the cognitive control network (CCN), and the salience network (SN). Accordingly, we utilized Menon's (2011) triple-network model for neuropsychiatric disorders to summarize key results. Adolescent MDD was associated with hyperconnectivity within the SN and between DMN and SN, as well as hypoconnectivity within the CCN. These findings suggested that dysfunctional connectivity among the three main large-scale brain networks preceded MDD onset. However, there was high heterogeneity in neuroimaging methods and sampling procedures, which may limit comparisons between studies. Future studies should consider some level of harmonization for clinical instruments and neuroimaging methods.

Adolescent depression and resting-state fMRI brain networks: a scoping review of longitudinal studies.

The neurobiological factors associated with the emergence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence are still unclear. Previous cross-sectional studies have documented aberrant connectivity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) networks. However, whether these findings precede MDD onset has not been established. This scoping review mapped key methodological aspects and main findings of longitudinal rs-fMRI studies of MDD in adolescence. Three sets of neuroimaging methods to analyze rs-fMRI data were identified: seed-based analysis, independent component analysis, and network-based approaches. Main findings involved aberrant connectivity within and between the default mode network (DMN), the cognitive control network (CCN), and the salience network (SN). Accordingly, we utilized Menon's (2011) triple-network model for neuropsychiatric disorders to summarize key results. Adolescent MDD was associated with hyperconnectivity within the SN and between DMN and SN, as well as hypoconectivity within the CCN. These findings suggested that dysfunctional connectivity among the three main large-scale brain networks preceded MDD onset. However, there was high heterogeneity in neuroimaging methods and sampling procedures, which may limit comparisons between studies. Future studies should consider some level of harmonization for clinical instruments and neuroimaging methods.

Neuroimaging Studies of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: A Systematic Review.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and affects mainly the youth population. It is prospectively associated with suicide attempts, making it a target for suicide prevention. Recently, several studies have investigated neural pathways of NSSI using neuroimaging. However, there is a lack of systematized appraisal of these findings. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize the main neuroimaging findings of NSSI in youth. We followed PRISMA statement guidelines and searched MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases for neuroimaging studies, irrespective of imaging modality, specifically investigating NSSI in samples with a mean age of up to 25 years old. Quality assessment was made using the Newcastle-Ottawa and Joanna Briggs Institute scales. The initial search retrieved 3030 articles; 21 met inclusion criteria, with a total of 938 subjects. Eighteen studies employed functional neuroimaging techniques such as resting-state and task-based fMRI (emotional, interpersonal exposure/social exclusion, pain, reward, and cognitive processing paradigms). Three studies reported on structural MRI. An association of NSSI behavior and altered emotional processing in cortico-limbic neurocircuitry was commonly reported. Additionally, alterations in potential circuits involving pain, reward, interpersonal, self-processing, and executive function control processes were identified. NSSI has complex and diverse neural underpinnings. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand its developmental aspects better.

Systematic Review: Models of Changes in Gene Expression of MTOR, MURF-1, and MAFBX in Rats and Mice.

INTRODUCTION: Various pathologies and lifestyle factors, such as nutritional factors and physical exercises, can alter the gene expression of proteins related to synthesis and degradation. AIM: We performed a systematic review of atrophy models, cancer models, burn models, sepsis models, cardiac insufficiency models, amino acid supplementation models, protein supplementation models, and miscellaneous models that have altered the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, or MAFBX in rats and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the literature in the following databases: Medline, Scielo.org, Scielo.br, Redib, Lilacs, and the Periodicos Capes. RESULTS: We selected 56 articles for this review. DISCUSSION: Several conditions can alter the gene expression of muscle proteins under conditions that stimulate muscle degradation pathways. Therefore, treatments must normalize the expression of the degradation pathways and potentiate the synthesis pathways so the muscular tissue confers an increase in functional capacity and thus, survival in diseased patients. Therefore, the reversal of the mechanisms that promote its depletion must be achieved. CONCLUSION: Identification of the atrophic mechanisms present in pathologies and other conditions of muscular disuse in the scientific literature is fundamental for the adoption of clinical strategies to prevent protein degradation and to promote the maintenance and/or increase of muscle tissue. Such strategies include physical exercise, protein supplementation, and/or pharmacological applications, aimed toward restoring the fullness of functional capacity.

Performance of beans after inoculation with azospirillum brasilense and rhizobium tropici, and nitrogen and molybic fertilizations under amazonian conditions / Desempenho do feijoeiro à inoculação com azospirillum brasilense e rhizobium tropici, adubação nitrogenada e molíbdica em condições amazônicas

Beans are nutrient-demanding plants, with a high demand for nitrogen (N). Nitrogen biological fixation (NBF) is probably the best solution to meet this demand, especially considering losses in the soil-plantatmosphere system. Molybdenum (Mo), present in the enzymes nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, is fundamental in the metabolism of N, including NBF. This study aims to evaluate if bean seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, Rhizobium tropici, and possible interactions with nitrogen topdressing and molybdenum leaf application, may affect winter bean development and yield. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4x2x2 factorial scheme. Plant population, production components, and grain yield were evaluated in two crop seasons (2017 and 2018). Seed inoculation with A. brasilense, when associated with 30 kg ha-1 N topdressing, increased plant population, pod number per plant and grain yield. Nitrogen topdressing is key to increasing winter bean productivity, regardless of inoculation or Mo foliar application.(AU)

O feijoeiro é uma planta exigente em nutrientes, com alta demanda por nitrogênio (N). A fixação biológica de N (FBN) é, provavelmente, a melhor solução para atender essa demanda, especialmente considerando as perdas no sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. O molibdênio (Mo), presente nas enzimas nitrogenase e redutase do nitrato, é fundamental no metabolismo do N, inclusive da FBN. Com objetivo de avaliar se a inoculação das sementes de feijão com Azospirillum brasilense, Rhizobium tropici, e possíveis interações com a adubação nitrogenada e molíbdica em cobertura tem efeito no desenvolvimento e na produtividade do feijoeiro, foi conduzida esta pesquisa. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial 4x2x2. Avaliou-se população de plantas, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos, em dois cultivos (2017 e 2018). A inoculação das sementes, com A. brasilense, quando associada com 30 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, incrementa a população de plantas, o número de vagens por planta e o rendimento de grãos. A adubação nitrogenada em cobertura é determinante no aumento de produtividade do feijão de inverno, independente da inoculação ou aplicação de Mo foliar.(AU)

Diel Activity and Effect of Carcass Decomposition on the Attractiveness to the Forensically Important Species Oxelytrum Discicolle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)†.

Oxelytrum discicolle is a carrion beetle commonly found in the Neotropical region, mainly associated with cadavers and carcasses. Information on behavior related to the likelihood of cadaver colonization is scarce. We performed two field experiments in peri-urban forest in Brazil in order to strengthen our knowledge on O. discicolle behavior. In the first experiment, we assessed the preference for piglet carcasses at different stages of decomposition offered simultaneously in two seasons, dry and rainy, while in the second experiment we investigated the diel activity of adults. A total of 493 adults were collected in the experiments. A significantly higher abundance was detected in the rainy season. There was a marked preference for carcasses at advanced stages. Adults exhibited a typical nocturnal behavior, the number trapped at night was 17 times greater than those collected during the day. Oxelytrum discicolle is nocturnal species that prefers carcasses in advanced stage of decomposition.

Anotações sobre a análise crítica de discurso em pesquisas qualitativas no campo da saúde / Notes on the critical analysis of discourse in qualitative studies in the field of health

A emergência de sistemas de saúde ancorados em uma concepção ampliada de saúde, pressupondo, em seu ideário, dimensões que interrogam a compreensão das ações nesse campo capazes de articular estrutura e sujeito, vem impulsionando pesquisas avaliativas como modalidade de investigação, notadamente propostas metodológicas orientadas pelo enfoque qualitativo. Falar em pesquisa qualitativa é aludir à epistemologia qualitativa, tradição composta por numerosas vertentes, oriundas de paradigmas e campos disciplinares diversos, que carecem de aprofundamento, na perspectiva de desvelar, para cada uma delas, sua vinculação ontológica, epistemológica e, por extensão metodológica, incluindo o plano operacional. Tal empreendimento ainda é muito escasso na literatura especializada sobre o tema, verificando-se nas publicações o predomínio de estudos empíricos, convivendo com uma notável escassez de discussões epistemológicas e teórico-metodológicas atinentes aos modelos avaliativos operacionalizados. Ante essa configuração, este artigo se propõe a colocar em relevo alguns elementos conceituais inerentes à análise, entendida como etapa epistemológica central no enfoque (crítico) interpretativo. Na sequência, o texto focaliza uma vertente específica – a Análise Crítica do Discurso – com o intuito de recuperar alguns fundamentos e registrar aspectos operacionais que vimos empregando em pesquisas qualitativas em saúde...

The emergence of health systems based on a broadened concept of health that questions the understanding of actions in the field of health capable of bringing together structure and subject has led to the development of evaluative studies as a mode of investigation and in particular methodological proposals guided by a qualitative focus in the study of human health. Qualitative research involves qualitative epistemology, a tradition composed of numerous currents derived from various paradigms and fields, which lack in-depth study, in terms of revealing the ontological, epistemological and, by extension, methodological basis of each, including an operational plan. Such undertakings are still very rare in the specialized literature on the subject, as is clear from the predominance of empirical studies in publications and the notable scarcity of epistemological, theoretical and methodological discussions regarding operationalized evaluative models. In view of this, the present article aims to highlight a number of conceptual elements inherent in analysis, understood as a central epistemological stage in a (critical) interpretative focus. The text then focuses on one specific school of thought – Critical Discourse Analysis – with a view to recovering some fundamental features and registering operational aspects that have been employed in qualitative studies in the field of health...

Environmental concern of university students in the federal education institute in rural Goiás, Brazil / Preocupação ambiental de estudantes universitários de instituto federal de educação da zona rural de Goiás, Brasil

In this research the adaptation and validation of the Environmental Concern Scale (ECS) for Brazilian Portuguese and the environmental concerns of students were described. After being translated with the assistance of an expert teacher in Spanish language, the ECS was administered to two samples: one of university students (N=153) from Federal Institute of Education Goiano (IF GOIANO), Rio Verde campus, and another of public servants evaluators (N=13) from Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), Colorado do Oeste campus. Content validity, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Statistical properties obtained proved the quality of the measurement instrument of Environmental Concern. The agreement style of evaluators with the ECS admitted values for average central tendency, median and mode close to 4.00, in a scale of values from 1.00 to 5.00. The environmental concern of students was low.

No presente trabalho, foi descrita a adaptação e validação da Escala de Preocupação Ambiental (EPA) para o português brasileiro e a preocupação ambiental dos estudantes. Após ter sido traduzida e retrovertida, com a ajuda de um professor perito na língua espanhola, a EPA foi administrada a duas amostras: uma de estudantes universitários (N=153) do Instituto Federal de Educação Goiano (IF GOIANO), Campus Rio Verde, e outra de servidores públicos avaliadores (N=13) do Instituto Federal de Educação de Rondônia (IFRO), Campus Colorado do Oeste, e foi avaliada a validez de conteúdo, a confiabilidade e a validade de construto. As propriedades estatísticas encontradas atestaram a qualidade do instrumento de medição da Preocupação Ambiental. O estilo de concordância dos avaliadores com a EPA admitiu valores para as medidas de tendência central média, mediana e moda próxima a 4,00, conforme escala de valores de 1,00 a 5,00. A preocupação ambiental dos estudantes foi considerada baixa.

Origin of samples of Cannabis sativa through insect fragments associated with compacted hemp drug in South America

Origin of samples of Cannabis sativa through insect fragments associated with compacted hemp drug in South America. Insects associated with a seizure of Cannabis sativa L. may indicate the origin of the illicit drug. Nevertheless, no work regarding this subject has been previously published for South America. In the present investigation, seven kilograms of vegetal material (C. sativa) were inspected for insect fragments. Three species were identified and used to test the origin of the seizure of cannabis plant material: Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794), Thyanta perditor (Fabricius, 1794) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), and Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). These insect species restricted the geographic origin of the drug to the Neotropical region, and their distribution patterns showed an overlap of the State of Mato Grosso (Brazil), Argentina, and Paraguay. Based on this information, two of the three major C. sativa growing areas in South America were excluded: (1) the Colombian territory and (2) northeastern Brazil.

Environmental concern of university students in the federal education institute in rural Goiás, Brazil

In this research the adaptation and validation of the Environmental Concern Scale (ECS) for Brazilian Portuguese and the environmental concerns of students were described. After being translated with the assistance of an expert teacher in Spanish language, the ECS was administered to two samples: one of university students (N=153) from Federal Institute of Education Goiano (IF GOIANO), Rio Verde campus, and another of public servants evaluators (N=13) from Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), Colorado do Oeste campus. Content validity, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Statistical properties obtained proved the quality of the measurement instrument of Environmental Concern. The agreement style of evaluators with the ECS admitted values for average central tendency, median and mode close to 4.00, in a scale of values from 1.00 to 5.00. The environmental concern of students was low.

No presente trabalho, foi descrita a adaptação e validação da Escala de Preocupação Ambiental (EPA) para o português brasileiro e a preocupação ambiental dos estudantes. Após ter sido traduzida e retrovertida, com a ajuda de um professor perito na língua espanhola, a EPA foi administrada a duas amostras: uma de estudantes universitários (N=153) do Instituto Federal de Educação Goiano (IF GOIANO), Campus Rio Verde, e outra de servidores públicos avaliadores (N=13) do Instituto Federal de Educação de Rondônia (IFRO), Campus Colorado do Oeste, e foi avaliada a validez de conteúdo, a confiabilidade e a validade de construto. As propriedades estatísticas encontradas atestaram a qualidade do instrumento de medição da Preocupação Ambiental. O estilo de concordância dos avaliadores com a EPA admitiu valores para as medidas de tendência central média, mediana e moda próxima a 4,00, conforme escala de valores de 1,00 a 5,00. A preocupação ambiental dos estudantes foi considerada baixa.

Environmental concern of university students in the federal education institute in rural Goiás, Brazil

In this research the adaptation and validation of the Environmental Concern Scale (ECS) for Brazilian Portuguese and the environmental concerns of students were described. After being translated with the assistance of an expert teacher in Spanish language, the ECS was administered to two samples: one of university students (N=153) from Federal Institute of Education Goiano (IF GOIANO), Rio Verde campus, and another of public servants evaluators (N=13) from Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), Colorado do Oeste campus. Content validity, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Statistical properties obtained proved the quality of the measurement instrument of Environmental Concern. The agreement style of evaluators with the ECS admitted values for average central tendency, median and mode close to 4.00, in a scale of values from 1.00 to 5.00. The environmental concern of students was low.

No presente trabalho, foi descrita a adaptação e validação da Escala de Preocupação Ambiental (EPA) para o português brasileiro e a preocupação ambiental dos estudantes. Após ter sido traduzida e retrovertida, com a ajuda de um professor perito na língua espanhola, a EPA foi administrada a duas amostras: uma de estudantes universitários (N=153) do Instituto Federal de Educação Goiano (IF GOIANO), Campus Rio Verde, e outra de servidores públicos avaliadores (N=13) do Instituto Federal de Educação de Rondônia (IFRO), Campus Colorado do Oeste, e foi avaliada a validez de conteúdo, a confiabilidade e a validade de construto. As propriedades estatísticas encontradas atestaram a qualidade do instrumento de medição da Preocupação Ambiental. O estilo de concordância dos avaliadores com a EPA admitiu valores para as medidas de tendência central média, mediana e moda próxima a 4,00, conforme escala de valores de 1,00 a 5,00. A preocupação ambiental dos estudantes foi considerada baixa.

Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) used to estimate the postmortem interval in a forensic case in Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT. Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) used to estimate the postmortem interval in a forensic case in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The corpse of a man was found in a Brazilian highland savanna (cerrado) in the state of Minas Gerais. Fly larvae were collected at the crime scene and arrived at the laboratory three days afterwards. From the eight pre-pupae, seven adults of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) emerged and, from the two larvae, two adults of Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) were obtained. As necrophagous insects use corpses as a feeding resource, their development rate can be used as a tool to estimate the postmortem interval. The post-embryonary development stage of the immature collected on the body was estimated as the difference between the total development time and the time required for them to become adults in the lab. The estimated age of the maggots from both species and the minimum postmortem interval were four days. This is the first time that H. segmentaria is used to estimate the postmortem interval in a forensic case.

Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) e Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) utilizadas para estimar o intervalo pós-morte em um caso forense em Minas Gerais, Brasil. O cadáver de um homem foi encontrado em uma área de cerrado no Estado de Minas Gerais. Larvas de moscas foram coletadas na cena do crime e encaminhadas ao laboratório em três dias. Os adultos que emergiram em laboratório foram identificados como Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) e Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805). Uma vez que insetos utilizam o cadáver como uma fonte de recurso alimentar, sua taxa de desenvolvimento pode ser empregada como uma ferramenta para estimar o intervalo pós-morte. O estágio de desenvolvimento pós-embrionário dos imaturos coletados no cadáver foi estimado como sendo a diferença entre o tempo total de desenvolvimento e o tempo necessário para a emergência destes adultos em laboratório. A idade estimada dos imaturos das duas espécies, bem como o intervalo pós-morte mínimo, foi de quatro dias. Este é o primeiro relato do uso de Hemilucilia segmentaria para estimar o intervalo pós-morte em um caso forense.

Late pest control in determinate tomato cultivars

The usage of insecticidal plants and others insect resistant varieties can be strong allies to the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), being able to reduce the number of insecticides applications and to minimize its effect to the man and the environment.The following control techniques were compared in field conditions, investigating the late pest control of two determinate tomato cultivars: a) Conventional - sprayings of metamidophos, buprofezin, acephate, cipermetrin, abamectin, permetrin, teflubenzuron and lufenuron, applied every three to six days; b) IPM - action threshold of each pest to the spraying of imidacloprid, triflumuron, lufenuron and abamectin; c) IPM - Azadirachta indica (neem) - Action threshold of each pest to the spraying of the nim oil (1.2% of azadirachtin) at a concentration of 0.5%. The IPM and IPM - Neem control techniques were efficient controlling the late pest of the tomato cultivar, not differing from the conventional treatment that presented the lowest levels of infestation. The conventional control technique, IPM and IPM-neem promoted bigger tomato production with increasements of up to 74%. The number of sprayings was reduced up to 77% with the IPM and IPM - neem techniques, when compared to the conventional method. The neem product may be a promising alternative to the late pest control in the tomato field that adjusts to the IPM.

O uso de plantas inseticidas e de variedades pode ser forte aliado ao Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP), podendo reduzir o número de aplicações de inseticidas e minimizar seus efeitos ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Em condições de campo, visando o controle de pragas tardias do tomateiro em duas cultivares de crescimento determinado, compararam-se as seguintes táticas de controle: a) Convencional - pulverizações com os produtos metamidofós, buprofezin, acefato, cipermetrina, abamectina, permetrina, teflubenzuron e lufenuron, aplicados em intervalos de três a seis dias; b) MIP - nível de ação de cada praga para aplicações de imidacloprid, triflumuron, lufenuron e abamectina; c) MIP - Azadirachta indica (nim) - nível de ação de cada praga para aplicações de óleo de nim (1,2% de azadiractina) a 0,5%. As táticas de controle MIP e MIP - nim foram eficientes no controle das pragas tardias do tomateiro, quando a pressão da população é baixa, não diferindo do tratamento convencional que apresentou as menores médias de infestação. As táticas de controle convencional, MIP e MIP-nim promoveram maiores produções do tomateiro, com incrementos de até 74%. O número de pulverizações foi reduzido em até 77% com as táticas MIP e MIP - nim, comparado ao método convencional. O produto nim pode ser alternativa promissora no controle de pragas tardias do tomateiro em campo, que se ajusta ao MIP.

Late pest control in determinate tomato cultivars

The usage of insecticidal plants and others insect resistant varieties can be strong allies to the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), being able to reduce the number of insecticides applications and to minimize its effect to the man and the environment.The following control techniques were compared in field conditions, investigating the late pest control of two determinate tomato cultivars: a) Conventional - sprayings of metamidophos, buprofezin, acephate, cipermetrin, abamectin, permetrin, teflubenzuron and lufenuron, applied every three to six days; b) IPM - action threshold of each pest to the spraying of imidacloprid, triflumuron, lufenuron and abamectin; c) IPM - Azadirachta indica (neem) - Action threshold of each pest to the spraying of the nim oil (1.2% of azadirachtin) at a concentration of 0.5%. The IPM and IPM - Neem control techniques were efficient controlling the late pest of the tomato cultivar, not differing from the conventional treatment that presented the lowest levels of infestation. The conventional control technique, IPM and IPM-neem promoted bigger tomato production with increasements of up to 74%. The number of sprayings was reduced up to 77% with the IPM and IPM - neem techniques, when compared to the conventional method. The neem product may be a promising alternative to the late pest control in the tomato field that adjusts to the IPM.

O uso de plantas inseticidas e de variedades pode ser forte aliado ao Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP), podendo reduzir o número de aplicações de inseticidas e minimizar seus efeitos ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Em condições de campo, visando o controle de pragas tardias do tomateiro em duas cultivares de crescimento determinado, compararam-se as seguintes táticas de controle: a) Convencional - pulverizações com os produtos metamidofós, buprofezin, acefato, cipermetrina, abamectina, permetrina, teflubenzuron e lufenuron, aplicados em intervalos de três a seis dias; b) MIP - nível de ação de cada praga para aplicações de imidacloprid, triflumuron, lufenuron e abamectina; c) MIP - Azadirachta indica (nim) - nível de ação de cada praga para aplicações de óleo de nim (1,2% de azadiractina) a 0,5%. As táticas de controle MIP e MIP - nim foram eficientes no controle das pragas tardias do tomateiro, quando a pressão da população é baixa, não diferindo do tratamento convencional que apresentou as menores médias de infestação. As táticas de controle convencional, MIP e MIP-nim promoveram maiores produções do tomateiro, com incrementos de até 74%. O número de pulverizações foi reduzido em até 77% com as táticas MIP e MIP - nim, comparado ao método convencional. O produto nim pode ser alternativa promissora no controle de pragas tardias do tomateiro em campo, que se ajusta ao MIP.