Prevalence of stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease in New Caledonia / Prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique stades 3-5 en Nouvelle-Calédonie.

New Caledonia is a French territory located in the South Pacific Ocean. The prevalence rate of end-stage renal disease is nearly 3,000 per million inhabitants, making it one of the highest prevalence rates in the world. Preventing chronic kidney disease is a major public health issue. This article presents prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 for New Caledonia defined by a glomerular filtration rate estimated below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Estimation was assessed from data collected during two "Adult health barometer" surveys carried out in the general adult population. Therefore, our study assessed two prevalence rates: 7.8% [6.1; 10.1] and 5.3% [3.3; 8.5]. Those prevalence rates were two to four times higher than in mainland France which is consistent with the high prevalence rate of end stage renal disease treated in New Caledonia. Hence, CKD prevention is essential for New Caledonia.

La Nouvelle-Calédonie est une collectivité française dans l'océan Pacifique Sud. Le taux de prévalence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale traitée s'élève à près de 3 000 par million d'habitants, soit un des taux de prévalence parmi les plus élevés au monde. Cet article présente pour la première fois les taux de prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique aux stades 3-5 pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie, définie par un débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé inférieur à 60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Ces résultats ont été estimés à partir des deux enquêtes « Baromètre santé adulte ¼ en population générale adulte. Notre étude a estimé des taux de prévalence de 7,8 % [6,1 ; 10,1] et de 5,3 % [3,3 ; 8,5]. Le taux de prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique serait donc deux à quatre fois plus élevé qu'en France métropolitaine. La prévention de la maladie rénale chronique est primordiale pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie.

Prevalence of stages 3-5 chronic kidney disease in New Caledonia / Prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique stades 3-5 en Nouvelle-Calédonie.

New Caledonia is a French territory located in the South Pacific Ocean. The prevalence rate of end-stage renal disease is nearly 3,000 per million inhabitants, making it one of the highest prevalence rates in the world. Preventing chronic kidney disease is a major public health issue. This article presents prevalence rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 for New Caledonia defined by a glomerular filtration rate estimated below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Estimation was assessed from data collected during two "Adult health barometer" surveys carried out in the general adult population. Therefore, our study assessed two prevalence rates: 7.8% [6.1; 10.1] and 5.3% [3.3; 8.5]. Those prevalence rates were two to four times higher than in mainland France which is consistent with the high prevalence rate of end stage renal disease treated in New Caledonia. Hence, CKD prevention is essential for New Caledonia.

La Nouvelle-Calédonie est une collectivité française dans l'océan Pacifique Sud. Le taux de prévalence de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale traitée s'élève à près de 3 000 par million d'habitants, soit un des taux de prévalence parmi les plus élevés au monde. Cet article présente pour la première fois les taux de prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique aux stades 3-5 pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie, définie par un débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé inférieur à 60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Ces résultats ont été estimés à partir des deux enquêtes « Baromètre santé adulte ¼ en population générale adulte. Notre étude a estimé des taux de prévalence de 7,8 % [6,1 ; 10,1] et de 5,3 % [3,3 ; 8,5]. Le taux de prévalence de la maladie rénale chronique serait donc deux à quatre fois plus élevé qu'en France métropolitaine. La prévention de la maladie rénale chronique est primordiale pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie.

A seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses after the first SARS-CoV-2 circulation in New Caledonia, Pacific region.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses after the first circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in New Caledonia, Pacific region. Methods: Blood samples were collected to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies. The sampling took place between July 2021 and July 2022 but was interrupted after the first circulation of SARS-CoV-2 (September 2021-March 2022) in New Caledonia. Data on ethnicity, age, gender, main residence, and anteriority of COVID-19 and vaccination were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 747 participants, representative of New Caledonia's adult population, were included in the study. We found that 81% of the population had antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 at the end of July 2022. The vaccination rate was 75%, whereas infections had affected 40% of the population. Individuals aged >45 years were significantly more vaccinated than those aged 18-44 years (80%, 95% confidence interval 74-84%). Oceanians were the most infected (50%, 95% confidence interval 42-57%). Conclusion: In New Caledonia, we show a high immunity rate (81%) after the first waves of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the vaccination campaign. The analyses showed spatial heterogeneities in the infection rate across the territory and revealed that Oceanians were the most infected. Our study also highlighted high exposure of New Caledonia's population to other human coronaviruses.

Epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia.

OBJECTIVES: New Caledonia is a Pacific island of 270,000 inhabitants with mixed ethnicities, including Polynesians (10.2%), people from European ancestry (27.2%), and Melanesians (39.1%),. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the general population and the various ethnicities of New Caledonia. METHODS: A 3-degree random sample of the population aged 18 to 60 years was adjusted according to the 2014 New Caledonia census. Face-to-face planned interviews and physical measurements were performed by trained nurses. All consenting participants underwent capillary measurement of creatinine; all consenting men and only women older than 40 years underwent point-of-care uricemia testing. Gout was defined by a validated algorithm. Two definitions of hyperuricemia were used: capillary level equivalent to plasma uric acid level>360µmol/l (6mg/dl) and>420µmol/l (7mg/dl) and/or urate-lowering drug treatment for both thresholds. RESULTS: We included 1144 participants (adjusted mean age 37.7±12.0 years; adjusted sex ratio 50.4% men). The adjusted prevalence of gout was 3.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2-4.9). Prevalence was 6.7% (2.5-16.8), 4.1% (1.8-8.9), and 2.6% (1.4-4.7) for Polynesians, Europeans and Melanesians, respectively, and 1.9% (0.5-6.6) for other ethnicities. Prevalence of hyperuricemia, determined in 658 participants, was 67.0% (61.9-71.6) and 37.0% (32.3-42.0) for the 360- and 420-µmol/l thresholds, respectively, and was significantly greater for Polynesians and Melanesians than Europeans for both thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in New Caledonia was high, including in patients of European descent.

Implementation and impact of a dental preventive intervention conducted within a health promotion program on health inequalities: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this retrospective survey was to evaluate after one year, the conditions and impacts of a dental sealant intervention conducted in New Caledonia, within a health promotion program. A greater or at least equivalent quality and impact of the intervention was expected for children living in socially deprived regions with the greatest health needs. METHODS: The study population was the schoolchildren, aged 6 years in 2016, who benefited from the dental sealant program (n = 2532). The study sample was randomly selected in 2017 from that population (n = 550). The children's dental status was evaluated at school in 2017 and compared with that recorded in 2016 during the sealant intervention allowing the calculation of the retention rates and one-year carious increment on first permanent molars. Socio-demographic variables (gender, public/private school) and conditions of sealant placement (school/dental office, presence of a dental assistant) were recorded. The carious increment was explained using a mixed multiple random-effects regression. A mediation analysis was conducted to assess the respective contributions of the retention rates and the region of origin on caries increment. RESULTS: The participation rate was very high (89%) and on average, children had 83% of their dental sealants present after one year, 31% fully and 52% partially present. Caries increment varied depending on the sealant retention rate as well as on the region (North, South, Islands). The mediation analysis showed that living in a deprived area (The Islands) was a strong determinant for high caries increment particularly when the retention rates were low. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high participation rate and acceptable effectiveness as measured with the one-year retention rates, for a fissure sealant intervention conducted in real-life conditions and integrated in a large health promotion program. Nevertheless, the intervention was not effective enough to totally balance the influence of health determinants, especially in socially deprived sectors characterized by greater dental needs.