[Prostaglandins and collagen metabolism in chronic liver diseases]. / Prostaglandiny i metabolizm kollagena pri khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh pecheni.

Pg E, F2 alpha and F1 alpha, protein-bound plasmic oxyproline (PBPO) as well as 24-h oxyprolinuria (OPU) were measured in 119 patients suffering from various forms of chronic hepatic diseases. Composition of cellular infiltrates in histological specimens was assessed quantitatively for chronic hepatitis patients. Hepatic levels of Pg E, OPU and PBPO were elevated in all the patients, whereas PgF2 alpha and 6-keto-PgF1 alpha values were similar to controls. There were relationships between PBPO and OPU, PgE and 6-keto-PgF1 alpha. Unlike patients with active hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, those with chronic persistent hepatitis demonstrated a direct correlation between cellular infiltrate fibroblasts and PgE, PgF2 alpha; between PgF2 alpha and Kupffer's cells content. Inverse relationship occurred between PgE and free hepatic macrophages. In response to prostenon (PGE2) moderate PBPO decline went in line with elevation of cAMP/cGMP. A significant increase of PBPO during introduction of ensaprost-F (PgF2 alpha) did not result in changes in cyclic nucleotides. Prostenon treatment decreased PBPO under no shifts in OPU. A regulatory role of PgE is suggested in collagen metabolism stabilization. Prostenon is proposed for therapeutic use to inhibit sclerotic processes in liver impairment.

[Digoxin--an active antiepileptic agent]. / Digoksin--aktivnoe protivoépilepticheskoe sredstvo.

A new pathogenetically grounded approach to the treatment of resistant forms of epilepsy is proposed. Digoxin suppresses the activity of experimental epileptogenic foci produced in the hippocampus of animals (frogs and rats) and also convulsions induced by corazol, bemegrid or electroshock. The antiepileptic and anticonvulsant activity of the drug was confirmed during its clinical testing on 20 children with grave forms of epilepsy which were resistant to the known antiepileptic drugs. The positive therapeutic effect was obtained in 42% of the cases.

[A comparative study of the toxic and therapeutic effects of digoxin and its immobilized form]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie toksicheskogo i lechebnogo éffektov digoksina i ego immobilizovannoi formy.

It was shown on different species of laboratory animals (frogs, mice, rats) that digoxin immobilized on the copolymer was 8-15 times less toxic that its usual preparation. In this case glycoside fixed on the copolymer preserves completely its specific cardiotonic effect, i.e., possesses a wider range of the therapeutic action.

[The undesirable action of drugs on the embryo, fetus and newborn infant]. / Nezhelatel'noe deistvie lekarstv na émbrion, plod i novorozhdennogo.

The up-to-date data on the negative influence of various drugs on the intrauterine development and postnatal condition of the human fetus and neonate are presented. The embryotoxic, teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of drugs are considered. The data on the teratogenic action of drugs taken not only by the mother but by the father as well, the behavioral teratology, disturbances in the condition of the neonate whose mother received some drugs during labour are given.

[Effect of isoptin and euphylline on calcium- and carbacholine-induced contractile activity of isolated intestinal strips of rats of various ages]. / Vliianie izoptina i eufillina na sokratitel'nuiu aktivnost' izolirovannykh otrezkov kishki krys raznogo vozrasta, vyzvannuiu kal'tsiem i karbakholinom.

It has been shown on isolated strips of the large intestine of adult and 2-week-old rats that the potassium depolarized smooth muscle of the adult rat intestine reacts by contractions to less concentrations of Ca2+ as compared to 2-week-old rats. Euphylline blocked the reaction of the adult rat large intestine to Ca2+ more powerfully than isoptin. The effects of the spasmolytics on 2-week-old rats were less demonstrable in view of the unremarkable reaction to Ca2+ itself. Both agents reduced the reaction of the adult rat large intestine strips to carbacholine more intensely as compared with 2-week-old rats.

[Age-related aspects of the reaction of isolated strips of rat rectum and colon to carbacholine, atropine and pentamine]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti reaktsii izolirovannykh otrezkov priamoi i tolstoi kishok krys na karbakholin, atropin i pentamin.

Experiments in vitro were made to record isotonic contractions of isolated strips of the rectum and colon of rats distributed into 4 age groups. It was shown that in one-week-old rats, the rectal and colonic strips reacted to carbacholine (1 x 10(-10--1 x 10(-5) M) to a far less extent than those in adult rats. In the course of postnatal development the reaction of the colonic strips to carbacholine reached the adult rat level more rapidly. Pretreatment of the colonic strips from one- and two-week-old rats with pentamine solutions (2 x 10(-5)--1 x 10(-4) M) led to the increased carbacholine response rather than to its lowering which was the case in the adult animals. Pretreatment of the strips in question with atropine solutions (1 x 10(-14)--1 x 10(-6) M) decreased the response to the cholinomimetic to a more significant extent than in the adult animals. High concentrations of the cholinomimetic did induce a considerable percentage of contractions.

[Age and the effect of proserine on the contractile response of the rectum and inhibition of its cholinesterase in rats]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti sokratitel'noi reaktsii priamoi kishki krys i ingibirovaniia ee kholinésterazy pod vliianiem prozerina.

The motor reaction of the rectum strips in rats of 4 age groups and inhibition of its cholinesterase with proserine were studied. To low proserine concentrations (1.10(-8)-1.10(-6) M) the intestine of 1-week old rattlings was found to react only by relaxation, contractions appearing only with a concentration of 1.10(-5) M. The maximal contractile reaction of the intestine to proserine was found to occur in 4-week old rattlings. The cholinesterase activity in the rectum of 1-week old rattlings is lower, and in the 4-week old ones higher than in adult animals. The inhibition of cholinesterase occurs in all the age groups from a minimal tested proserine concentration (1.10(10) M), gaining in strength parallel with increasing concentration. The maximum inhibition of the enzyme was found to occur in the 4-week old rattlings.