Contemporary Dietary Intake: Too Much Sodium, Not Enough Potassium, yet Sufficient Iodine: The SALMEX Cohort Results.

Initiatives to reduce sodium intake are encouraged globally, yet there is concern about compromised iodine intake supplied through salt. The aim of the present study was to determine baseline sodium, potassium, and iodine intake in a sample of workers from our Institution in Mexico City (SALMEX Cohort). Methods. From a cohort of 1009 workers, appropriate 24-h urine and three-day dietary recall was collected in a sample of 727 adult subjects for assessment of urinary sodium, potassium, and iodine concentrations. Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was compared across categories of sodium intake of <2, 2⁻3.6, and ≥3.6 g/day. Results. Average sodium intake was 3.49 ± 1.38 g/day; higher in men than women (4.14 vs. 3.11 g/day, p ≤0.001). Only 10.6% of the population had sodium intake within the recommended range (<2 g/day); 45.4% had high (2⁻3.6 g/day) and 44% had excessive intake (>3.6 g/day). Average urinary Na/K ratio was 3.15 ± 1.22 (ideal < 1), higher in men (3.42 vs. 3.0, p ≤ 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that sodium intake was associated with age (p = 0.03), male sex (p < 0.001), caloric intake (p = 0.002), UKE (p < 0.001) and BMI (p < 0.001). Median iodine intake was 286.7 µg/day (IQR 215⁻370 µg/day). Less than 2% of subjects had iodine intake lower than recommended for adults (95 µg/day); 1.3% of subjects in the recommended range of salt intake had low iodine intake. There is a direct relationship between iodine and sodium urinary excretion (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001). Conclusions. In the studied population, there was an excessive sodium intake and an imbalance between sodium and potassium intake. Only 10.6% of the population had sodium intake within the recommended values, but iodine intake in this group appears to be adequate.

[Risk factors in the development of delayed graft function in deceased donor kidney transplant recipients and their impact on patient and graft survival]. / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de función retardada del injerto en receptores de trasplante renal de donante fallecido y su impacto en la supervivencia de paciente e injerto.

BACKGROUND: Delayed graft function (DGF) is an early complication of kidney transplant (KT) and it is related to a higher incidence of acute rejection (AR) and lower graft survival. The incidence of DGF ranges from 2 to 29% in different series. Several risk factors for DGF have been described, including inotropic use in the deceased donor, long cold ischemia time, cardiovascular brain death, age > 55 years, hypovolemia, previous transplant, preformed antibodies and OKT3 use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort of the kidney transplant recipients (KTR) of deceased donors from 1990 to 2009, at the INCMNSZ. We analyzed the incidence of DGF, risk factors associated to its development, and patient and graft outcome. To compare the groups, we used chi2 test or Student's t test for categorical and numeric variables, respectively. Patient and graft survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method; a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Data from 105 KTR were analyzed. DGF occurred in 21%, AR in 27%, graft loss in 15.2%. The only risk factor associated to DGF was brain death due to vascular disease (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Brain death due to vascular disease was the only risk factor associated to DGF. A non-significant higher incidence of AR was observed in patients with DGF. Survival was significantly lower in patients who developed DGF compared to those without DGF, and it was not related to renal function.