[Modeling of different degrees of microvessel laser-induced endothelium damage].

A comparative analysis of rat mesentery micro vascular reactions on thermal impact during radiation to the focused laser irradiation in UV and visible regions of spectrum is made. Local intravascular temperature rise during laser irradiation both impulse (lambda = 337 nm) and continuous (lambda = 532 nm) states causes thrombus formation. The thrombus development that determined by laser irradiation parameters gives a possibility to modulate different degrees of microvessel endothelium damage.

[Micronuclei in mucose cells and colonization of human stomach epithelium with coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori].

International Agency for Research on Cancer recognized as sufficient the evidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection carcinogenicity and placed it into the 1 st group of carcinogens. Micronucleus level in gastric epithelial cells of antral stomach region of patients with chronic non-atrophy gastritis (n = 62) was studied. 40 patients of 62 had HP-associated gastritis. The HP-bacterium exists in a spiral and coccoid form. Both morphological forms were examined using immunocytochemistry. Significantly increased micronucleus number was observed in the cells of HP-infected patients compared with non-infected person (P < 0.05). The frequency of stomach epithelium cells with micronuclei was enhanced considerably in the patients infected with the coccoid HP form. Therefore the patients with HP-associated chronic gastritis caused by the coccoid form with high degree of colonization must be considered as a group of enhanced risk of gastric carcinogenesis.

[The effect of He-Ne laser radiation on myocardium mechanical activity in rats]. / Vliianie izlucheniia He-Ne lazera na mekhanicheskuiu aktivnost' miokarda krys.

In isolated papillary muscles, a 5-minute irradiation with the He-Ne-laser Shuttle-1 enhances the maximal strength of isometric contraction and acceleration of relaxation. In physiological mode of mechanical loads, the irradiation with the laser red light enhances the myocardium contractability at all final systolic lengths with simultaneous enhancement of the isometric relaxation velocity at great systolic lengths and a deceleration of the relaxation at lesser lengths. Under the He-Ne-laser effect, restoration of rhythm-inotropic relationships occurred in the myocardium.

The content of lipoperoxidation products in normal and atherosclerotic human aorta.

To evaluate the role of lipid oxidation in atherogenesis the levels of lipid- and protein-bound products of peroxidation in normal and atherosclerotic areas of human aorta were investigated. The level of fluorescent (360/430 nm) lipid products was measured in chloroform-methanol extracts of aortic tissue. Normal intima, initial lesions and fatty streaks had a similar content of fluorescent substances. On the other hand, high level of fluorescent products was found in atherosclerotic plaques. Cholesterol covalently bound to proteins, which serve as a marker of lipoperoxidation, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography after mild alkaline hydrolysis of delipidated tissue protein samples. The levels of protein-bound cholesterol in initial lesions and fatty streaks were close to its content in uninvolved intima (59 +/- 18 and 92 +/- 18 vs. 70 +/- 13 nmol/g protein). The content of covalently bound cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques was dramatically higher (90-fold) than in the normal tissue. In addition to protein-bound cholesterol, considerable amount of lipofuscin was revealed in the cells of atherosclerotic plaques, but not in the cells of normal intima, initial lesions or fatty streaks. Thus, the contents of all investigated lipid- and protein-bound products of lipoperoxidation in earlier atherosclerotic lesions were similar to their levels in normal tissue. It can be due to a low rate of oxidized product formation and/or high rate of its degradation in or elimination from the vessel wall.

[Effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on the functional activity of smooth muscle cells in the portal vein]. / Vliianie izlucheniia He-Ne lazera na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' gladkomyshechnykh kletok vorotnoi veny krys.

Irradiation of the rat portal vein's fragments with the He-Ne laser for 3, 5 and 10 minutes reduced the fragments tone by half. Frequency of phasic and tonic contractions did not change, their amplitude, however, increased by neatly 40% as compared with the initial level. The NO synthase blocker N-nitro-L-arginine administered prior to the irradiation had no effect on the above parameters. The data obtained suggest that the decrease of the vessel tone is due to production of the EDRF and cGMP. The increase in the amplitude of phasic and tonic contractions of the vein's smooth muscle cells is associated with an increased Ca++ entry in each contraction cycle.

[Platelet adhesion to collagen in whole blood: a simple and rapid quantitative method]. / Adgeziia trombotsitov v tsel'noi krovi k kollagenu: prostoi i bystryi kolichestvennyi metod issledovaniia.

A simple, rapid, and easily reproducible method for quantitative assessment and graphic representation of platelet adhesion of whole blood specimens is proposed. It is based on registration (by means of impedance aggregometer) of changes in the module of complex resistance of an EDTA-stabilized blood specimen by collagen. The amplitude of the process initiated under such conditions directly depends on collagen concentration, weakly decreases if blood is incubated with high concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (500 micromol/liter), and significantly decreases in the presence of RGD-containing peptides in a concentration of 20-40 micromol/liter). A relatively higher collagen adhesion capacity of blood platelets from coronary patients correlates with their high aggregation activity.

Cell proliferation in normal and atherosclerotic human aorta: proliferative splash in lipid-rich lesions.

Local accumulation of cells (hypercellularity) in the intima of the arterial wall as a result of cell proliferation is recognized as one of the major manifestations of human atherosclerosis. In the present study we have used a monoclonal antibody against PCNA to identify the proliferative activity, in uninvolved intima of human aorta classified as diffuse intimal thickening, and in different types of atherosclerotic lesions: specifically, initial lesion, fatty streak, fibroatheroma and fibrous plaque. As compared with a diffuse intimal thickening, the cell number in the initial lesions, fatty streaks and in a fibrolipid plaque (fibroatheroma) was 1.5-3-fold higher, while the cellularity in a fibrous plaque (fibrotic lesion) was lower than in a fibroatheroma and comparable with the cell number in the initial lesions. Using monoclonal antibodies, inflammatory cells (T- and B-lymphocytes as well as monocytes-macrophages) have been revealed in the intima. However, most (84-93%) of the intimal cells were noninflammatory cells classified as resident cells possessing the antigens of smooth muscle cells and pericytes as well as a small number of cells unidentifiable with the antibodies used. The highest number of proliferating cells was found in a fibroatheroma (11-fold higher as compared with a diffuse intimal thickening). A significant, but lesser increase of PCNA-positive cells was revealed in other types of lesions, too. The proliferative 'splash' in lipid-rich lesions suggests a relationship between the lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic intima and the stimulation of proliferation. The highest proliferative index of resident cells (i.e. percentage of the PCNA-positive cells among the total number of resident cells) was revealed in fibrotic lesions. It was approximately eight-fold higher than in a diffuse intimal thickening. The proliferative index of inflammatory cells considerably exceeded that of resident cells. However, in all types of atherosclerotic lesions and in a diffuse intimal thickening it showed no significant differences and was similar to the proliferative index of inflammatory cells isolated from peripheral blood. This suggests that an increased number of resident cells in atherosclerotic lesions can be explained by stimulation of their proliferative activity, whereas an altered inflammatory cell number is rather a result of their penetration from the blood into the subendothelial intima with a constant proliferative index.

[Features of kinetics of thrombocytic thrombi growth in the microcirculatory system]. / Osobennosti kinetiki rosta trombotsitarnykh trombov v mikrotsirkuliatornom rusle.

The nonuniform distribution of thrombocytes in a microvessel is considered in terms of a previously advanced phenomenological theory, which describes the relationship between the mean blood velocity and thrombus growth rate.

[The effect of prostatilen on the hemostatic indices in chronic prostatitis (a clinical and experimental study)]. / Vliianie prostatilena na pokazateli gemostaza pri khronicheskom prostatite (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Prostatilen effects on hemostasis were studied in 120 intact and 240 chronic prostatitis rats, 34 patients with chronic prostatitis. Intact rats responded to prostatilen by inhibition of platelet-vascular and coagulation hemostatic mechanisms and activation of fibrinolysis. Experimental chronic prostatitis in rats induced hemostatic shifts to hypercoagulation. These parameters returned to normal after 5- and 10-day course of prostatilen administration. A single prostatilen dose was unable to produce the above action. As to patients with chronic prostatitis, there were also prostatilen-induced platelet-vascular hemostatic normalization and fibrinolysis activation. Hemocoagulation was affected in a less degree. Prostatilen effects were unrelated to the disease stage. Normalization of hemostasis seems to be one of the factors of prostatilen therapeutic efficacy in chronic prostatitis. This peptide is found effective as a pathogenetic treatment of chronic prostatitis.

Platelet activation during provocation of coronary artery spasm by ergonovine and cold pressor testing in patients with angina pectoris.

The role of coronary spasm in variant angina is well established. We have studied the time course of platelet activation during Ergonivine provocation to determine one significance of platelet indices for spasm testing. The results showed that spontaneous platelet aggregates and beta-thromboglobulin levels in patients with coronary vasospasm were increased during provocation and that platelet activation during a positive Ergonivine test precede ECG changes and chest pain.

[The thrombogenic properties and thromboresistance of the vessels in amphibians and reptiles]. / Trombogennye svoistva i tromborezistentnost' sosudov u amfibii i reptilii.

Rats, frogs and snakes significantly differed in their thrombogenic activity and thromboresistance of microcirculatory vessels. Mammals revealed a higher thrombogenic activity and a more significant difference between arterioles and venules. Changes of hemodynamic parameters in arterial and venous parts occurring in the course of evolution seem to involve differences in vascular tone as well as in thromboresistance and thrombogenic activity.

[The dynamics of the sequential stages of thrombus formation in the microvessels]. / Dinamika posledovatel'nykh stadii tromboobrazovaniia v mikrososudakh.

Analysis of geometric parameters of thrombogenesis at its final stage in rats suggests that cessation of the thromb growth depends both on altered hydrodynamic parameters and on the interaction with the biochemical factors released from the vascular wall and present in the blood flow.

Influence of some hydrodynamic factors of thrombus formation in microvessels.

The effect of mean blood velocity on thrombus formation parameters was studied using mesenteric vessels of white rats. An advanced phenomenological theory, explaining the relationship between mean blood velocity and thrombus growth rate, is presented. The qualitative analysis of theoretical and experimental data have shown that the main observed features in thrombus formation can be described by the theory with two phenomenological parameters.

[Polymyalgia rheumatica]. / Revmaticheskaia polimialgiia.

A case is reported of rheumatic polymyalgia rarely amenable to correct diagnosis. The response was achieved after glucocorticoid treatment. The diagnosis was based on the following criteria: age over 50, muscular pain (in two or more regions of the neck, shoulder and pelvic girdle, ESR above 35 mm/h, duration of the symptoms at least 2 months, limited movements in the cervical spine, shoulder and hip joints, weakness, subnormal appetite, fever, anemia, loss of weight.

[Microvascular hemostasis in the phase of postradiation recovery]. / Mikrososudistyi gemostaz v faze postradiatsionnogo vosstanovleniia.

Laser-induced thrombosis was used for studying of thrombogenic properties and thromboresistance of microvessels after total gamma irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy. The increased time of primary haemostasis was stated during postirradiation period. The area of thrombus section was reduced both in the arterioles and the venules after 1 month. But the normalization of this parameter is more intense in the venules.

Evidence of combined therapy of dyslipoproteinemia by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and "essential" phospholipids.

Platelets are involved in the initiation of atheromas and arterial thrombosis and thus may play a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of myocardial and cerebral infarction. In 18 patients with coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia resistant to low-lipid diet a 12 week treatment with lovastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) leads to the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides but also to a marked increase of platelet activity. Lovastatin is an inactive lacton prodrug which must be enzymatically or chemically transformed to the active form. In in-vitro experiments, it was discovered that both chemically hydrolysed lovastatin and plasma containing lovastatin metabolites stimulate induced platelet aggregation in whole blood samples. "Essential" phospholipids (Lipostabil) added to the blood samples in concentrations according to those which are used clinically prevent this stimulation. This corresponds to data obtained earlier from Lipostabil-treated ischemic heart disease patients. Besides a lipid-lowering effect Lipostabil showed a 50% reduction of spontaneous aggregates in plasma, an increase of the susceptibility threshold to aggregation inducers and a decrease of the platelet aggregation amplitude in whole blood samples. Therefore, it would be promising to combine the therapy by lovastatin with "essential" phospholipids possessing a remarkable improving effect on the platelet function based on a molecular action independent of their moderate lipid-reducing action.

[The effect of L-glutamic acid on the ADP-induced aggregation and Ca, Mg-ATpase activity of human thrombocytes]. / Vliianie L-glutaminovoi kisloty na ADF-indutsirovannuiu agregatsiiu i aktivnost' Ca, Mg-ATFazy trombotsitov cheloveka.

In the study of L-glutaminic acid effects on human platelet functional activity it was established that 30-60-min treatment of platelet-rich plasma with glutamate in concentration 0.1-1.0 mM at 37 degrees C results in a marked platelet activation. The latter noticeably enhances ADP-induced aggregation persistent against antiaggregation adenosine concentrations. With increasing duration of the incubation a glutaminic acid minimal effective concentration lowers. Proaggregatory and anti-adenosine effects of L-glutaminic acid are inhibited by kainic acid. The experiments evidence that 30-min preincubation of platelet membranes with 1 mM L-glutaminic acid produces inhibition of cAMP-induced activation of Ca, Mg-ATPase returning the activity of the enzyme to baseline levels. No glutamate-related changes in calcium pump of platelets are reported.