Components of Health Surveillance System in Natural Disasters that Affect Military Health Services: A Systematic Review.

Background: Military health surveillance system, as the first responder in natural disasters, plays an important role in public health. This study aimed to identify those components of the health surveillance system, which influence military health services in natural disasters. Methods: Five databases of Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and search engines of Scholar Google, scienceopen.com, openGery.eu, and WHO.int were reviewed from Jan 1990 to Jan 2022. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, various JBI quality assessment tools were applied and the extracted data were analyzed by meta-synthesis method. Results: Out of 6538 retrieved studies, after the duplicates and irrelevant studies identified in screening stage were removed, 174 studies extracted from the electronic search of databases and 16 studies retrieved from the manual search of other sources were reviewed based on the study inclusion criteria. Finally, 24 studies with inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction. Ten criteria of monitoring, detecting, data collection and reporting, tracking, type of surveillance system, operational readiness, coordination and interaction, feasibility, flexibility, and acceptability were identified as effective components in the surveillance system of military health services. The identified components were classified into two main categories of structural and operational components. Conclusion: The structural components of the military health surveillance system describe the important infrastructural features of the health surveillance system to preparing for natural disasters; and the operational components explains the effective functional features of military health surveillance system in response of natural disasters. The results of this study help policymakers in military health services implement a more effective health surveillance system in natural disasters.

Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiotic resistance in patients who have received Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation; A globally Systematic Review.

Gram-negative bacteria are infectious and life-threatening agents after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). So, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiotic resistance in patients who have received Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation through a systematic review. The systematic search was done with key words; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from 2000 to the end of July 2023 in Google Scholar and PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve studies were able to include our study. Quality assessment of studies was done by Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The most of the included studies were conducted as allo-HSCT. Infections such as respiratory infection, urinary infection and bacteremia have occurred. The rate of prevalence with P. aeruginosa has varied between 3 and 100%. The average age of the participants was between 1 and 74 years. The rate of prevalence of P. aeruginosa resistant to several drugs has been reported to be variable, ranging from 20 to 100%. The highest antibiotic resistance was reported against cefotetan (100%), and the lowest was related to tobramycin (1.8%) followed by amikacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with the prevalence of 16.6%. Our findings showed a high prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of P. aeruginosa in Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, more serious health measures should be taken in patients after transplantation.

Respond quickly and effectively! Components of the military health surveillance system in natural disasters: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data by health surveillance systems provide timely and comprehensive surveillance of public health, identification health priorities, and, consequently, a quick and timely response to reduce damage during natural disasters. Since military forces appear as first responders at the scene of accidents, the present study aimed to identify the components of the military health care system during natural disasters. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed via the conventional content analysis approach to identify the components of the military health care system in natural disasters. The participants consisted of 13 experts who were experienced in providing health services in the military and the civilian health care system during natural disasters in January 2022 to June 2022. RESULT: The identified components were classified into four main categories, namely, pre-requisite components (comprehensive health care, defined position, and providing information), driving components (system efficiency, effective communication), operational components (contingent performance, effective response), and promotional components (purposeful support, pre-disaster preparation). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the military health surveillance system is a cooperative service for the national health system in which data is essential for making decisions on health and treatment measures during disasters. This study-by identifying four categories of the important components in the design, implementation, and development of the military health surveillance system-provides a comprehensive view of an appropriate and evidence-based military surveillance system in disasters.

Optimizing spray drying conditions of sour cherry juice based on physicochemical properties, using response surface methodology (RSM).

In this study, the effects of main spray drying conditions such as inlet air temperature (100-140 °C), maltodextrin concentration (MDC: 30-60%), and aspiration rate (AR) (30-50%) on the physicochemical properties of sour cherry powder such as moisture content (MC), hygroscopicity, water solubility index (WSI), and bulk density were investigated. This investigation was carried out by employing response surface methodology and the process conditions were optimized by using this technique. The MC of the powder was negatively related to the linear effect of the MDC and inlet air temperature (IT) and directly related to the AR. Hygroscopicity of the powder was significantly influenced by the MDC. By increasing MDC in the juice, the hygroscopicity of the powder was decreased. MDC and inlet temperature had a positive effect, but the AR had a negative effect on the WSI of powder. MDC and inlet temperature negatively affected the bulk density of powder. By increasing these two variables, the bulk density of powder was decreased. The optimization procedure revealed that the following conditions resulted in a powder with the maximum solubility and minimum hygroscopicity: MDC = 60%, IT = 134 °C, and AR = 30% with a desirability of 0.875.