RÉSUMÉ
Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.(AU)
Os óleos essenciais do caule e da folha de Croton doctoris foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) resultando em 22 compostos identificados. Os efeitos dos óleos essenciais na germinação, crescimento de raízes e parte aérea, teor total de clorofila, respiração radicular, atividade de peroxidase, catalase e superóxido de dimetase e índice mitótico foram determinados em alface e cebola. Atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica também foram investigadas. Os resultados revelaram que o óleo do caule é constituído por 15 compostos, dos quais os principais são o óxido de cariofileno (24,5%) e E-cariofileno (13,3%). O óleo foliar apresentou E-cariofileno (39,6%) seguido de α-humuleno (13,2%) como compostos majoritários. Os óleos inibiram a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de alface e cebola e reduziram o conteúdo de clorofila, a respiração radicular e a divisão celular. Eles também causaram estresse oxidativo, indicado pelo aumento da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes avaliadas. Esses processos fisiológicos anormais contribuem para a inibição do crescimento das plantas. Os efeitos fitotóxicos mais pronunciados foram observados no óleo do caule. Nos testes de citotoxicidade observou-se que o óleo das folhas foi mais ativo, resultante da presença de sesquiterpenos biologicamente ativos que atuam inibindo o crescimento das células cancerígenas.(AU)
Sujet(s)
Croton/composition chimique , Croton/toxicité , Huile essentielle/usage thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Os óleos essenciais do caule e da folha de Croton doctoris foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) resultando em 22 compostos identificados. Os efeitos dos óleos essenciais na germinação, crescimento de raízes e parte aérea, teor total de clorofila, respiração radicular, atividade de peroxidase, catalase e superóxido de dimetase e índice mitótico foram determinados em alface e cebola. Atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica também foram investigadas. Os resultados revelaram que o óleo do caule é constituído por 15 compostos, dos quais os principais são o óxido de cariofileno (24,5%) e E-cariofileno (13,3%). O óleo foliar apresentou E-cariofileno (39,6%) seguido de α-humuleno (13,2%) como compostos majoritários. Os óleos inibiram a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de alface e cebola e reduziram o conteúdo de clorofila, a respiração radicular e a divisão celular. Eles também causaram estresse oxidativo, indicado pelo aumento da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes avaliadas. Esses processos fisiológicos anormais contribuem para a inibição do crescimento das plantas. Os efeitos fitotóxicos mais pronunciados foram observados no óleo do caule. Nos testes de citotoxicidade observou-se que o óleo das folhas foi mais ativo, resultante da presença de sesquiterpenos biologicamente ativos que atuam inibindo o crescimento das células cancerígenas.
Sujet(s)
Croton/composition chimique , Croton/toxicité , Huile essentielle/usage thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
Abstract Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and -humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Resumo Os óleos essenciais do caule e da folha de Croton doctoris foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) resultando em 22 compostos identificados. Os efeitos dos óleos essenciais na germinação, crescimento de raízes e parte aérea, teor total de clorofila, respiração radicular, atividade de peroxidase, catalase e superóxido de dimetase e índice mitótico foram determinados em alface e cebola. Atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica também foram investigadas. Os resultados revelaram que o óleo do caule é constituído por 15 compostos, dos quais os principais são o óxido de cariofileno (24,5%) e E-cariofileno (13,3%). O óleo foliar apresentou E-cariofileno (39,6%) seguido de -humuleno (13,2%) como compostos majoritários. Os óleos inibiram a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de alface e cebola e reduziram o conteúdo de clorofila, a respiração radicular e a divisão celular. Eles também causaram estresse oxidativo, indicado pelo aumento da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes avaliadas. Esses processos fisiológicos anormais contribuem para a inibição do crescimento das plantas. Os efeitos fitotóxicos mais pronunciados foram observados no óleo do caule. Nos testes de citotoxicidade observou-se que o óleo das folhas foi mais ativo, resultante da presença de sesquiterpenos biologicamente ativos que atuam inibindo o crescimento das células cancerígenas.
RÉSUMÉ
Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Os óleos essenciais do caule e da folha de Croton doctoris foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e espectrometria de massa (GC-MS) resultando em 22 compostos identificados. Os efeitos dos óleos essenciais na germinação, crescimento de raízes e parte aérea, teor total de clorofila, respiração radicular, atividade de peroxidase, catalase e superóxido de dimetase e índice mitótico foram determinados em alface e cebola. Atividade antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotóxica também foram investigadas. Os resultados revelaram que o óleo do caule é constituído por 15 compostos, dos quais os principais são o óxido de cariofileno (24,5%) e E-cariofileno (13,3%). O óleo foliar apresentou E-cariofileno (39,6%) seguido de α-humuleno (13,2%) como compostos majoritários. Os óleos inibiram a germinação e o crescimento das plântulas de alface e cebola e reduziram o conteúdo de clorofila, a respiração radicular e a divisão celular. Eles também causaram estresse oxidativo, indicado pelo aumento da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes avaliadas. Esses processos fisiológicos anormais contribuem para a inibição do crescimento das plantas. Os efeitos fitotóxicos mais pronunciados foram observados no óleo do caule. Nos testes de citotoxicidade observou-se que o óleo das folhas foi mais ativo, resultante da presença de sesquiterpenos biologicamente ativos que atuam inibindo o crescimento das células cancerígenas.
Sujet(s)
Huile essentielle/toxicité , Euphorbiaceae , Croton , Huiles végétales , Feuilles de plante , Lactuca , GerminationRÉSUMÉ
Essential oils from the stems and leaves of Croton doctoris were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, resulting in 22 identified compounds. The effects of these essential oils on the germination, root and shoot growth, total chlorophyll content, potential root respiration, peroxidase activity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and mitotic index in lettuce and onion were determined. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity were also investigated. The results revealed that the stem oil consisted of 15 compounds, of which caryophyllene oxide (24.5%) and E-caryophyllene (13.3%) were the major constituents. The leaf oil contained E-caryophyllene (39.6%) and α-humulene (13.2%) as major compounds. The oils inhibited the germination and growth of lettuce and onion seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content, root respiration, and cell division. They also caused oxidative stress, indicated by the increased activity of the evaluated antioxidant enzymes. These abnormal physiological processes contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. The most pronounced phytotoxic effects were observed in the stem oil. The cytotoxicity tests indicated that leaf oil was more active than stem oil, resulting from the presence of biologically active sesquiterpenes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Sujet(s)
Croton , Euphorbiaceae , Huile essentielle , Germination , Lactuca , Huile essentielle/toxicité , Feuilles de plante , Huiles végétalesRÉSUMÉ
The cyclic peptide alkaloid, chamaedrine, was isolated from the roots of Melochia chamaedris (Sterculiaceae), along with four known cyclic peptide alkaloids (adouetine X, frangulaline, scutianine B and scutianine C), and waltherione A, parasorbic acid, propacine, and (-)-epicatequine. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially by 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H-COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC).
Sujet(s)
Alcaloïdes/composition chimique , Malvaceae/composition chimique , Peptides cycliques/composition chimique , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Racines de plante/composition chimique , Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Acides aminés/analyse , Hydrolyse , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Conformation moléculaire , Peptides cycliques/isolement et purification , Extraits de plantes/isolement et purificationRÉSUMÉ
The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from Solidago microglossa roots, essential oil from its aerial part and some isolated compounds was investigated. The oil exhibited concentration-dependent activity against all the tested bacteria and yeasts.
Sujet(s)
Anti-infectieux/pharmacologie , Bactéries à Gram négatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Bactéries à Gram positif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Phytothérapie , Huiles végétales/pharmacologie , Solidago , Animaux , Anti-infectieux/administration et posologie , Anti-infectieux/usage thérapeutique , Anti-infectieux/toxicité , Artemia/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Fleurs , Humains , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Feuilles de plante , Huiles végétales/administration et posologie , Huiles végétales/usage thérapeutique , Huiles végétales/toxicité , Racines de planteRÉSUMÉ
The antimicrobial activity of Hyamatantus sucuba roots methanol extract, fractions prepared from this extract (n-hexane, CHCl(3), EtOAc, and n-butanol) and some isolated compounds were evaluated against some Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and yeasts.
Sujet(s)
Anti-infectieux/pharmacologie , Apocynaceae/composition chimique , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Anti-infectieux/isolement et purification , Bacillus subtilis/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Candida/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Escherichia coli/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Iridoïdes , Klebsiella pneumoniae/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lactones/isolement et purification , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Feuilles de plante/composition chimique , Racines de plante/composition chimique , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Quinazolines/isolement et purification , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Salmonella/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Staphylococcus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiquesRÉSUMÉ
Two new cyclopeptides, named discarene C (1) and discarene D (2), have been isolated from the bark of Discaria americana, along with seven known cyclopeptide alkaloids. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR. The stereochemistry of the ring amino acid residues have been assigned by gas chromatography employing modified cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases.
Sujet(s)
Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Peptides cycliques/isolement et purification , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Alcaloïdes/composition chimique , Brésil , Chromatographie en phase gazeuse , Chromatographie sur couche mince , Leucine/composition chimique , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Structure moléculaire , Peptides cycliques/composition chimique , Phénylalanine/composition chimique , Racines de plante/composition chimique , Spectrophotométrie IR , StéréoisomérieRÉSUMÉ
Two diterpenoids, humirianthol and acrenol, as well as the known annonalide, were isolated from Humirianthera ampla. Humirianthol and acrenol were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques to be 3 beta,20:14 beta,16-diepoxy-3 alpha, 15 alpha-dihydroxy-7-pimaren-19,6 beta-olide and 3 beta,20-epoxy-3 alpha,15,16-trihydroxy-7-pimaren-19,6 beta-olide, respectively.
Sujet(s)
Diterpènes/composition chimique , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Brésil , Chromatographie en phase gazeuse , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Spectrométrie de masse FABRÉSUMÉ
The isolation of the cyclopeptide alkaloids, adoutine-Y', discarine-B, discarine-E, and discarine-X, a new 14-membered cyclopeptide alkaloid from D. longispina, are reported. The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by chemical degradation.