RÉSUMÉ
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are uncommon tumors that develop from specialized endocrine cells. Thyroid medullary carcinoma, phaeochromocytomas, pituitary tumors, carcinoid, and gastroenteropancreatic NET are just a few examples of the diverse group known as NET. In recent times, they have garnered significant interest due to their ease of palliation and ability to reveal the long-term impact of the specific hormone raised. Neuroendocrine indicators, particularly chromogranin A, are very helpful in the diagnostic process. Accurate biomarkers that can be employed for NET diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up, therapy stratification, and treatment response evaluation are greatly needed. Due to the great diversity of neuroendocrine neoplasms, particular biomarkers must be developed in order to diagnose, treat, and identify them. The several NET biomarkers covered in this review will aid in the fight against this uncommon illness.
RÉSUMÉ
This comprehensive review explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers present unique challenges, necessitating precise diagnostic tools and personalized treatment strategies. Leveraging AI, particularly machine learning and deep learning algorithms, has demonstrated remarkable potential in revolutionizing early detection, treatment planning, prognosis, and drug development. The analysis of current research and technological advancements underscores the capacity of AI to unravel intricate patterns within extensive datasets, providing actionable insights that enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. The transformative impact of AI on the landscape of gastrointestinal cancer is emphasized, signaling a paradigm shift towards more precise and targeted cancer care. The conclusion emphasizes the need for sustained research efforts and collaborative initiatives among AI researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, we can navigate the evolving field of gastrointestinal cancer care, embracing the potential of AI to improve patient outcomes and contribute to a more effective and personalized approach to cancer management.
RÉSUMÉ
A carotid body tumor is a rare form of neoplasm that arises near the carotid artery bifurcation and it has an incidence rate of less than 0.3 per 100,000 population. The low incidence rate of such tumors is due to their origination from the paraganglion cells which is relatively uncommon as compared to other forms of tumor. Here we present an incidental and unusual cytodiagnosis of carotid body tumors. A 45-year-old male presented to the surgery outpatient department with swelling in the left-sided anterior region of the neck. The swelling was gradually progressing over three years and was insidious. Clinically the swelling was 3 cm x 3 cm in size and the patient complained of pain in the last two months which was intermittent. The patient was sent to the cytopathology section for fine needle aspiration cytology with the clinical diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy. The patient underwent fine needle aspiration cytology by 26 SW needle by standard institutional protocols. The cytodiagnosis of "Paraganglioma/ Carotid Body Tumour" was offered. Histomorphological features at excision were consistent with carotid body tumors (paraganglioma). The sections of the tumor immunohistochemically were positive for neuron-specific enolase. The incidental cytodiagnosis of carotid body tumors is reported in the literature sparsely. This case is presented for the cytomorphology of carotid body tumor which is unfamiliar to the reporting pathologist because of its rare occurrence.