Osteopatia metafisária de colo femoral em 10 felinos estudo retrospectivo / Femoral neck metaphyseal osteopathy in 10 cats retrospective study

A osteopatia metafisária pode ocorrer em gatos jovens, predominantemente em machos, com sobrepeso, de forma atraumática, podendo ser em um ou em ambos colos femorais. Tem como característica radiográfica denominado de “apple core”. Os exames histopatológicos revelam presença de fibrose tecidual e condrócitos irregulares e desagrupados. Na avaliação clínico ortopédica observa-se a claudicação intermitente durante a deambulação, dor à palpação, crepitação à manipulação do membro afetado. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência da referida doença em dez felinos, incluindo fêmeas, no qual a resolução cirúrgica consistiu na artroplastia excisional da cabeça e colo femoral. Sendo assim, a osteopatia metafisária deve ser incluída como suspeita clínica ortopédica em felinos com este tipo de sintomatologia, sem apresentar uma pré-disposição para o surgimento desta afecção.(AU)

The metaphyseal osteopathy can occur in young cats, predominantly in males, overweight, non-traumatic, and can be one or both femoral necks. It´s characteristic radiographic called “apple core”. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of tissue fibrosis and irregular chondrocytes and ungrouped. Orthopedic clinical evaluation shows intermittent claudication during walking, pain on palpation, crackling on manipulation of the affected limb. This study aims to report the occurrence of the disease in ten cats, including female, in which the surgical resolution consisted of excisional arthroplasty of the head and femoral neck. Therefore, metaphyseal osteopathy should be included as an orthopedic clinical suspicion in cats with this type of symptomatology, without presenting a pre-disposition for the onset of this condition.(AU)

Osteopatia metafisária de colo femoral em 10 felinos – estudo retrospectivo / Femoral neck metaphyseal osteopathy in 10 cats – retrospective study

A osteopatia metafisária pode ocorrer em gatos jovens, predominantemente em machos, com sobrepeso, de forma atraumática, podendo ser em um ou em ambos colos femorais. Tem como característica radiográfica denominado de “apple core”. Os exames histopatológicos revelam presença de fibrose tecidual e condrócitos irregulares e desagrupados. Na avaliação clínico ortopédica observa-se a claudicação intermitente durante a deambulação, dor à palpação, crepitação à manipulação do membro afetado. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência da referida doença em dez felinos, incluindo fêmeas, no qual a resolução cirúrgica consistiu na artroplastia excisional da cabeça e colo femoral. Sendo assim, a osteopatia metafisária deve ser incluída como suspeita clínica ortopédica em felinos com este tipo de sintomatologia, sem apresentar uma pré-disposição para o surgimento desta afecção.

The metaphyseal osteopathy can occur in young cats, predominantly in males, overweight, non-traumatic, and can be one or both femoral necks. It´s characteristic radiographic called “apple core”. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of tissue fibrosis and irregular chondrocytes and ungrouped. Orthopedic clinical evaluation shows intermittent claudication during walking, pain on palpation, crackling on manipulation of the affected limb. This study aims to report the occurrence of the disease in ten cats, including female, in which the surgical resolution consisted of excisional arthroplasty of the head and femoral neck. Therefore, metaphyseal osteopathy should be included as an orthopedic clinical suspicion in cats with this type of symptomatology, without presenting a pre-disposition for the onset of this condition.

Adiponectin and leptin in Afro-Caribbean men and women with HIV infection: association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

AIM: Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are commonly seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and are related to antiretroviral therapy. Adiponectin and leptin secreted by adipocytes are both linked to body-fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D, and their association with adiponectin and leptin, in Afro-Caribbean men and women with HIV infection. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an unselected sample of 237 HIV-1-infected patients. Clinical and metabolic parameters were measured, including fasting and postload plasma insulin, and circulating adiponectin and leptin levels. Insulin resistance was estimated by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Adjusted multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of insulin resistance with adipokine levels and patients' characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 132 men (mean age: 49 years) and 105 women (mean age: 48 years) were included in the study. Prevalences of T2D and insulin resistance were higher in women than in men [16.2% vs 8.3% (P = 0.06) and 24% vs 9.9% (P < 10⁻³), respectively]. Abdominal obesity was found in 47% of women and in 7% of men (P < 10⁻4). Insulin resistance was independently associated with adiponectin in women and with leptin in men. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance is frequent in Afro-Caribbean women with HIV infection. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors in such a population. Systematic screening for insulin resistance should be carried out in this population, which has a high prevalence of T2D.

Castração química de caninos e felinos por meio de injeção intratesticular de gluconato de zinco - Quebrando paradigmas / Chemical sterilization of dogs and cats using an intratesticular injection of a zinc gluconate solution - Changing paradigms

Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas na tentativa de tornar os métodos de esterilização mais acessíveis para a população, a fim de reduzir o número de cães e gatos que sofrem eutanásia todos os anos. Observa-se que a preocupação principal está relacionada ao controle da fêmea, e pouco se tem estudado quanto à esterilização do macho. A castração do macho é importante não apenas para o controle de coberturas indesejadas, mas também para a diminuição do comportamento característico, como monta, demarcação pela urina e agressividade. O bloqueio reprodutivo no macho pode ser obtido por meio de intervenção cirúrgica (orquiectomia, vasectomia), terapia medicamentosa ou da utilização de agentes esclerosantes no testículo ou epidídimo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a técnica da esterilização química por meio da injeção intratesticular de gluconato de zinco no controle da fertilidade do macho das espécies canina e felina.

Many researches have been accomplished in the attempt of turning the methods of sterilization more accessible for population in order to reduce the number of dogs and cats that suffer euthanasia every year. The main concern is related to the control of the female and little one has been studying about contraceptive treatments for males. Sterilization of male dogs is ideal not only for pet population control, but it decreases objectionable behavior including mounting, urine marking and aggressiveness. Reproductive control of male dogs includes surgical procedures (orchiectomy and vasectomy), continuous administration of medication and injections of sclerosing agents into the testis and/or epididymides. The purpose of this work is to review the technique of chemical castration using an intratesticular injection of zinc gluconato for fertility control of the male dog and cat.

Castração química de caninos e felinos por meio de injeção intratesticular de gluconato de zinco - Quebrando paradigmas / Chemical sterilization of dogs and cats using an intratesticular injection of a zinc gluconate solution - Changing paradigms

Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas na tentativa de tornar os métodos de esterilização mais acessíveis para a população, a fim de reduzir o número de cães e gatos que sofrem eutanásia todos os anos. Observa-se que a preocupação principal está relacionada ao controle da fêmea, e pouco se tem estudado quanto à esterilização do macho. A castração do macho é importante não apenas para o controle de coberturas indesejadas, mas também para a diminuição do comportamento característico, como monta, demarcação pela urina e agressividade. O bloqueio reprodutivo no macho pode ser obtido por meio de intervenção cirúrgica (orquiectomia, vasectomia), terapia medicamentosa ou da utilização de agentes esclerosantes no testículo ou epidídimo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a técnica da esterilização química por meio da injeção intratesticular de gluconato de zinco no controle da fertilidade do macho das espécies canina e felina.(AU)

Many researches have been accomplished in the attempt of turning the methods of sterilization more accessible for population in order to reduce the number of dogs and cats that suffer euthanasia every year. The main concern is related to the control of the female and little one has been studying about contraceptive treatments for males. Sterilization of male dogs is ideal not only for pet population control, but it decreases objectionable behavior including mounting, urine marking and aggressiveness. Reproductive control of male dogs includes surgical procedures (orchiectomy and vasectomy), continuous administration of medication and injections of sclerosing agents into the testis and/or epididymides. The purpose of this work is to review the technique of chemical castration using an intratesticular injection of zinc gluconato for fertility control of the male dog and cat.(AU)

[Chromomycosis in Guadeloupe]. / Chromomycose en Guadeloupe.

BACKGROUND: Chromomycosis is a widespread subcutaneous fungal infection seen essentially in tropical and subtropical regions and transmitted via skin injury caused by the prickles of plants or infected wood splinters. It is prevalent throughout the West Indies including Guadeloupe, where its incidence is not well known. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective and descriptive study concerns five histologically established cases of chromomycosis in Guadeloupe between 1995 and 2005. The five patients were diagnosed and treated at Pointe-à-Pitre University Teaching Hospital. RESULTS: The study concerned four male patients and one female patient with an average age of 78 years; four were from the Basse-Terre district and one was from the Grande-Terre district. The most frequent clinical aspect was nodular or verrucous. The most common initial topography was the upper limbs. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was the only species identified. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, which in all cases revealed sclerotic cells. Three patients underwent surgical treatment and two received medical treatment; only two patients were cured by 2005. DISCUSSION: Our study confirms the presence of a source of chromomycosis in Guadeloupe, where Fonsecaea pedrosoi is clearly the best adapted species. It also highlights the difficulties of therapeutic care in tropical areas.

[Squamous cell carcinoma on a leg ulcer in the West Indies]. / Carcinome épidermoïde sur ulcère de jambe aux Antilles.

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of carcinoma developing on a leg ulcer is poorly, although high incidence rates are reported in Africa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of cases reported in Guadeloupe, a tropical country with a large population from African descent and with high quality health care level. RESULTS: Sixteen cases, mean age 71, were diagnosed over a 10-Year period in the only referral hospital. The annual incidence was an estimated 0.4/100,000. Preceding ulcers had a long course (mean of 27 Years) and had various causes. Social distress was the rule (14/16 patients). One third of the clearly differentiated (15/16) squamous cell-type tumors exhibited metastatic extension on presentation. At Year 3, the mortality rate was of 40 p. cent. The best survival rate (6 remissions/8 cases) was associated with primary limb amputation. DISCUSSION: Malignant ulcers appeared more frequent in Guadeloupe than in the influent countries of the North, but with an instance 4-fold lower than in Africa. Like many other tropical diseases, socio-behavioral factors may play a major role.

[Leprosy in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): declining disease, increasing diagnosis delay]. / Lèpre en Guadeloupe: maladie en déclin, délai diagnostique en hausse.

INTRODUCTION: Endemic for nearly three centuries, leprosy is declining in Guadeloupe: its prevalence has decreased by 75 p. 100 over the last decade. Because it has become rare, it may well be overlooked. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all the new cases of leprosy diagnosed in Guadeloupe from May 1996 to May 2001. RESULTS: In 10 cases of the 41 reported in this study, diagnosis had been delayed by more than 6 months. Nine of these 10 cases presented with classical clinical signs. The mean delay before diagnosis in these 10 cases was of 22 months (range: 7-36 months); the mean number of consultations with a physician before the final diagnosis was of 3.2 (range: 2-8). The mean age at the time of diagnosis in patients in whom diagnosis was delayed was significantly greater than those in whom diagnosis was confirmed rapidly (55 vs. 37 years). DISCUSSION: In Guadeloupe, one patient out of 4 presenting with leprosy is diagnosed with a delay of more than 6 months, despite a classical clinical presentation. This is deleterious to the patients and health economics. The patients in whom diagnosis was delayed were older. This epidemiological tendency appears inherent to this form of "residual leprosy". The present rareness of the disease is responsible for a lack of knowledge of the disease by the physicians through lack of experience. This phenomenon is also observed for syphilis and measles. There is a real risk of underestimation or erroneous diagnosis.

Really old-palaeoimmunology: immunohistochemical analysis of extracellular matrix proteins in historic and pre-historic material.

In this review, we summarize data concerning the respective preservation and deterioration of antigenic determinants of various collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in palaeontologic material of different ages. ECM proteins are the major quantitative constituents of mammalian organisms and were, therefore, selected as important representative proteins for these analyses. The specimens, studied by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques, included the skin of 500-1500 year-old human mummies from Peru, skin and striated muscle from the 5300-year-old glacier mummy ("Iceman") from Tyrol, Austria, and a 50-million-year-old bat with preserved soft body parts from the fossil excavation site of Messel, Germany. In frozen sections of the former two sources, epitopes recognized by specific antibodies for triple-helical antigenic determinants of different types of collagen resistant against conventional proteases were preserved, while non-helical domains, as well as the non-collagenous ECM proteins, could no longer be demonstrated. The fossil bat, although showing evidence of fibrous, collagen-like structures in conventional histology, revealed no collagenous or non-collagenous ECM proteins by any technique. It later turned out that this was due to the replacement of the original soft parts in these fossils by lawns of bacteria. These studies introduced immunological techniques into palaeontology and opened new approaches for studying physiologically- and pathologically-altered structures in tissues of animals and humans of considerable historical age.

[Peusoxanthoma elasticum with multiple calcinosis and hyperphosphoremia]. / Pseudoxanthome élastique avec calcifications multiples et hyperphosphorémie.

INTRODUCTION: Subcutaneous and vascular calcifications are classical manifestations of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Visceral calcifications sometimes associated with unbalanced phosphocalcium leels are uncommon. CASE REPORT: We observed pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a French Caribbean patient who had extensive acneiform skin lesions with transepidermal elimination. Multivisceral calcifications were associated hyperphosphoremia alone. DISCUSSION: The pathogenic sequence of phosphocalcium disorders in this disease are discussed on the basis of calcifications and hyperphosphoremia observed in this case and from data in the literature.

[Cowden disease: treatment with acitretine]. / Maladie de Cowden: traitement par acitrétine.

INTRODUCTION: Cowden's disease is a rare hereditary skin disease which is important to recognize due to the risk of cancer. CASE REPORT: A 40-year-old man was hospitalized for psoriasis. He presented florid papillomatous lesions involving the lip and the buccal cavity, a thyroid adenoma and polyposis of the gut. The diagnosis of Cowden's disease was retained. Treatment with acitretin, 0.75 mg/kg/d was initiated for the psoriatic lesions. Hypertrophic lesions of the lip and mouth regressed during treatment but reappeared when the drug dose was tapered of then withdrawn. The course of the polyposis was not verified. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates the frequency of digestive tract involvement in Cowden's disease and the favorable, though transient, effect of oral retinoids on mucosal lesions in Cowden's disease.

Efeitos ambientais de inverno sobre o consumo de matéria seca por vacas holandesas estabuladas e vacas holandesas desabrigadas / Winter environmental effects on dry-matter intake of stabled and unsheltered holstein cows

A pesquisa, desenvolvida em Santa Maria, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, durante os meses de julho e agosto de 1986, teve como objetivo determinar a variaçäo no consumo de matéria seca, em funçäo da diminuiçäo da temperatura ambiente, por vacas holandesas abrigadas e desabrigadas, durante o inverno em clima subtropical úmido. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas alimentadas "ad libitum" com raçäo à base de silagem de milho, distribuídas em dois tratamentos: vacas estabuladas (Grupo I) e vacas mantidas em piquetes sem abrigo (Grupo II), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O consumo diário, que foi de 0,077 mais ou menos 0,005 e 0,095 mais ou menos 0,006 kgMS/kg elevado à 0,75 potência nos Grupos I e II, respectivamente, apresentou diferença significativa (P < 0,01). A temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitaçäo correlacionaram-se significativamente (P < 0,05) com o consumo de MS das vacas desabrigadas, cujos coeficientes de correlaçäo variaram de -0,58 a 0,51, enquanto o consumo das vacas estabuladas apresentou correlaçäo significativa (P < 0,05) com a temperatura ambiental às 7 horas, com coeficiente de -0,27. Concluiu-se que as temperaturas baixas determinaram aumento no consumo de volumoso em vacas holandesas, sendo que os animais desabrigados consumiram em média 0,36 kgMS/vaca a mais que os estabulados, para cada unidade de diminuiçäo da temperatura do ar e aumento da umidade relativa e velocidade do vento, às 7 e 21 horas, simultaneamente

Surgical treatment of macrocheilia.

The authors report 27 cases of macrocheilia, discussing each cause individually. They classify macrocheilia according to its etiology, emphasizing the importance of an accurate diagnosis in treating the disease. The operative technique indicated for each cause is discussed. The technique basically consists of a fusiform resection, which may include a larger or smaller amount of lip tissue depending on the disease process. The incision may be interrupted at the mid-lip and W-plasty or lateral Z-plasties may be used to avoid the formation of dog ears.

Prominent ears--Pitanguy's island technique: long-term results.

Through the analysis of 300 cases of prominent ears operated by Pitanguy's technique with a follow-up of 1-15 years we observed the preservation of the aesthetic aspect as well as the cephaloauricular angle. We call attention to its easy performance and almost no incidence of early or late complications.

Orelhas em abano - resultados a longo prazo tratados pela tecnica de Pitanguy. / Prominent ears - long term results treated by Pitanguy's technique

Na analise de 300 casos de orelhas em abano pela tecnica de Pitanguy com um follow-up de 1 a 15 anos, verificamos a preservacao do aspecto estetico e do angulo cefalo-auricular. Chamamos a atencao para a seguranca da tecnica, praticamente isenta de complicacoes imediatas e tardias