Resilient Fermi Liquid and Strength of Correlations near an Antiferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point.

Near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point (QCP) of electron-doped cuprate superconductors, angle-resolved photoemission experiments detect hot spots where the Fermi surface disappears. Here, we demonstrate, using the two-particle self-consistent theory, that in the antinodal region the Fermi liquid remains stable for a broad range of angles on the Fermi surface and for all dopings near the QCP. We show how the quasiparticle weight Z and effective mass m^{*} change and then abruptly become meaningless as the hot spots are approached. We propose a dimensionless number, easily accessible in ARPES experiments, that can be used to gauge the strength of correlations.

Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Adults: Assessment for Ten Years at the ENT Department of the National University Hospital of Fann (Dakar, Senegal).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of adult laryngeal papillomatosis in Senegal. Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients aged above 18 years with laryngeal papillomatosis and followed at the ENT department of the NUH of Fann between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 37.74 years and a sex ratio of 0.93. The 20-29 age group was the most represented (45.2%). The average consultation delay was 8.34 years. All patients had dysphonia at the moment of the diagnostic and in 35.5% of cases, and it was associated with laryngeal dyspnea. Glottis localization was present in all our patients, i.e., 100% of the cases. A tracheotomy was performed in 9.67% of cases. All of our patients have had their papilloma peeled per endoscopic with tweezers. No cases of malignant degeneration were found in our study. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common benign tumor of the larynx in both children and adults. Despite the progress of endoscopy and antiviral treatments, its treatment poses many problems in our undermedicalized countries.

Complications of sinusitis: An 80-case series from the ENT and neurosurgery departments of the Fann university hospital center of Dakar, Senegal.

INTRODUCTION: Locoregional complications of sinusitis are dominated by oculo-orbital and/or cranioencephalic manifestations that may be life-threatening or jeopardize functional prognosis. The aim of this study was to report epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included inpatients managed for sinusitis complications in the ENT and neurosurgery departments of the Fann university hospital center in Dakar, Senegal between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2016. RESULTS: In all, 80 files were collected. Mean age was 18.5 years, with male predominance. Mean time to treatment was 18.2 days. Cranio-encephalic complications were the most frequent (54 cases; 67.5%): mainly subdural empyema (30 cases) and brain abscess (10 cases). Seventeen patients (21.25%) had oculo-orbital complications: mainly orbital cellulitis (52.9%) and preseptal cellulitis (29.4%). Nine patients (11.25%) had both cranioencephalic and oculo-orbital complications. Acute sinusitis (82.5%) was the main cause of complications. 52.5% of patients showed pansinus involvement. Medical treatment consisted in broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy combining third-generation cephalosporins, metronidazole and gentamycin in cranio-encephalic complications and clavulanic acid and metronidazole in oculo-orbital complications. Thirty-four patients (42.5%) underwent surgical sinus drainage. Neurosurgical drainage was performed in 35 cases (43.75%). Post-treatment course was marked by 6.25% mortality (5 cases) and 16.25% sequelae. CONCLUSION: With 6.25% mortality and a high rate of functional sequelae, complications of sinusitis are a serious concern in our region. Improving prognosis requires earlier management and better coordination between health professionals.

Corynebacterium senegalense sp. nov. and Arthrobacter senegalensis sp. nov., two new Actinobacteria isolated from skin swab from the palm of hand.

Corynebacterium senegalense strain Marseille-P4329T (= CSURP4329) and Arthrobacter senegalensis strain Marseille-P4329T (= CSURP4198) are new species first isolated from human skin. A culturomics approach and taxonogenomics methods were used for these new bacterial species.

Lysinibacillus timonensis sp. nov., Microbacterium timonense sp. nov., and Erwinia mediterraneensis sp. nov., three new species isolated from the human skin.

Lysinibacillus timonensis strain Marseille-P5727T (=CSURP5727), Microbacterium timonense strain Marseille-P5731T (=CSURP5731) and Erwinia mediterraneensis strain Marseille-P5165T (=CSURP5165) are three new species isolated from the human skin.

Périchondrites aiguës du pavillon de l'oreille. A propos de 23 cas

Objectifs : Notre objectif était d'évaluer les facteurs étiologiques, les agents pathogènes, le traitement et les séquelles des périchondrites. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, sur une période de 8 ans (janvier 2009 à décembre 2016), portant sur les cas de périchondrite aiguë au service d'ORL du CHNU de Fann. Résultats : Vingt-deux dossiers ont été colligés avec un cas de périchondrite bilatérale. Le sex-ratio était de 0.37 ; l'âge moyen de 27 ans. La durée d'évolution moyenne était de 23 jours. La circonstance de survenue était un piercing dans 36% des cas. Dix-neuf de nos patients présentaient une périchondrite collectée, soit 86% des cas. Quinze de nos patients avaient bénéficié d'un examen bactériologique de pus, soit 68% des cas. Le Pseudomonas aeruginosa était retrouvé dans 66.6% des cas, sensible dans 90% des cas à la ciprofloxacine et dans 10% des cas aux aminosides. La culture était négative dans 26.6% des cas. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 7 jours ; la durée moyenne du traitement de 13 jours. L'évolution était satisfaisante chez tous nos patients, avec une absence de séquelles dans 72.7% des cas. Conclusion : La périchondrite aiguë du pavillon de l'oreille se développe souvent suite à un traumatisme externe mineur. Le Pseudomonas aeruginosa représente le principal agent causal d'où l'intérêt d'une antibiothérapie probabiliste active sur ce dernier. Un traitement précoce permet de prévenir les séquelles morphologiques inesthétiques

Using evidence to inform response to the 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar: a view from the WHO African Regional Office.

The 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar was unprecedented in the African region, resulting in 2417 cases (498 confirmed, 793 probable and 1126 suspected) and 209 deaths by the end of the acute urban pneumonic phase of the outbreak. The Health Emergencies Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Africa together with the WHO Country Office and WHO Headquarters assisted the Ministry of Public Health of Madagascar in the rapid implementation of plague prevention and control measures while collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data to inform immediate interventions. We document the key findings of the evidence available to date and actions taken as a result. Based on the four goals of operational research - effective dissemination of results, peer-reviewed publication, changes to policy and practice and improvements in programme performance and health - we evaluate the use of evidence to inform response to the outbreak and describe lessons learned for future outbreak responses in the WHO African region. This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.

'Citricoccus massiliensis' sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from human skin by culturomics.

We report the main characteristics of 'Citricoccus massiliensis'strain Marseille-P4330, a new species within the genus Citricoccus. This strain was isolated from the skin of a healthy human man living in Dielmo, Senegal, Western Africa.

Laryngeal papillomatosis in Senegal: A ten-year experience.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of laryngeal papillomatosis in the Fann teaching hospital ENT department in Dakar, Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of laryngeal papillomatosis managed in the Fann teaching hospital ENT department between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2015. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of laryngeal papillomatosis were studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18 software. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 11 years and the sex ratio was 1.88. The mean time to consultation was 4.5 years. The predominant symptom was dysphonia, present in all cases, followed by laryngeal dyspnoea in 64.6% of cases. The glottic area was involved in all patients. Tracheostomy was performed in 20.8% of cases. All patients in our study underwent endoscopic excision of the lesions. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common benign tumor in children, but it can also occur in adults. Treatment has been revolutionized by progress in endoscopy and antiviral therapy. However, tracheostomy still occupies an important place in our practice.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) associated with cosmetic skin whitening: 8 cases reported in Senegal.

BACKGROUND: The cosmetic use of bleaching products is common among women from sub-Saharan Africa. The most frequently used products are highly potent corticosteroids (clobetasol propionate) and hydroquinone. Herein, we report 8 cases of SCC in women using skin bleaching products for cosmetic purposes. Our aim is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the carcinomas observed during the course of skin lightening. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive multicentre study from August 2005 to January 2016 in three dermatology units in Senegal. We included all patients consulting for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated with skin bleaching. Sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 8 female patients were included. The mean age was 48.1 years (37-63 years). Topical hydroquinone and highly potent corticosteroids were the main products used over the whole body, for an average duration of 20.3 years. No pre-neoplastic skin disease was found in our patients. The clinical aspects of tumours were as follows: cauliflower-like (n=4), ulcerated (n=3) and nodular (n=1). The average development time before consultation was 6.75 months. All the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were localized to lichenoid lesions or exogenous ochronotic lesions on photo-exposed areas: face (n=1), neck (n=3) or upper back (n=4). The most common histopathological type was the infiltrating form and there was one case of in situ carcinoma. The outcome was favourable in six of eight patients after surgical resection. Two deaths occurred: one through tumour recurrence and the other through haemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSIONS: From 2005 to 2016, eight cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas associated with cosmetic use of bleaching products were reported in Senegal. The mechanism was not fully elucidated and further studies are necessary. These observations provide an additional argument for combating this practice and including skin bleaching among known risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma.

Manejo quirúrgico de los carcinomas diferenciados de tiroides Experiencia en un país de bajos ingresos / SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMAS. EXPERIENCE IN A LOW INCOME COUNTRY

ience in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinomas in a low- income country. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study in our department where 21 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas were recorded from February 2001 to December 2010. Results: We performed 334 thyroidectomies for 326 patients. Of this group, 21 differentiated thyroid carcinomas were diagnosed. Differentiated thyroid carcinomas represented 6.4% of all thyroid neoplasm managed during the same period (n=326). Median age was 44 years (range 13 - 75 years). Male to female ratio was 1:20. Six (6) patients underwent primary hemithyroidectomy in other institutions while the fifteen left were entirely managed in our clinic. Of them, one patient was referred with positive fine needle aspiration cytology for papillary thyroid carcinoma (incidental detection by fine needle aspiration biopsy) and another had history of sinus pyriform fistula. Pathology of surgical specimens showed 13 cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas and 8 cases of follicular thyroid carcinomas with association to Hashimoto thyroiditis and Grave's disease in respectively in 1 case. Twenty cases were incidentally discovered by thyroid surgery and undergone completion thyroidectomy with prophylactic central neck dissection, completion thyroidectomy alone, modified lateral neck dissection alone and surveillance respectively in 13, 1, 1 and 6 cases. Complications of thyroid surgery were bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and hematoma respectively in 1 case. Median hospital stay was 5 days ranged from 3 to 15 days. During the follow-up period, most of our patients were lost of follow-up. Conclusion: Management guidelines of differentiated thyroid carcinomas are well established but not applicable to low- income country for several reasons. National guidelines, based on further researches, must then be implemented to improve our practice

A Rare Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction in a Child.

Ventricular band cyst is a rare condition in children but can result in severe upper airway obstruction with laryngeal dyspnea or death. The diagnosis should be considered in any stridor in children with previous history of intubation or respiratory infections. We report a case of a 4-year-old girl, received in an array of severe respiratory distress, emergency endoscopy was done, and a large ventricular tape band cyst obstructing the air way was found. Complete excision was made, and postoperative prophylaxis tracheotomy was done. The postoperative course was uneventful with improvement of clinical and endoscopic signs.

Kyste valléculaire symptomatique de l'adulte. A propos d'un cas

Les kystes valléculaires encore appelés kystes épiglottiques ou kystes basi-linguaux sont des kystes canalaires qui traduisent l'obstruction et la rétention de mucus au niveau des canaux excréteurs, des glandes sous-muqueuses. Ils peuvent se manifester chez le nouveau-né par une détresse respiratoire aiguë, chez l'adulte ils sont le plus souvent asymptomatiques et sont découverts lors d'une laryngoscopie indirecte ou lors d'une intubation.L'objectif de ce travail était de rapporter un cas de kyste valléculaire symptomatique chez un adulte de 50 ans pris en charge au service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Sénégal. La nasofibroscopie a objectivé une formation kystique arrondie siégeant au niveau de la vallécule gauche. La tomodensitométrie cervico-faciale a mis en évidence une masse valléculaire gauche hypodense homogène plaquant l'épiglotte contre le plan glottique. Au plan thérapeutique, nous avions effectué une ponction première du kyste suivie de son exérèse complète par électrocoagulation de la base d'implantation. Les suites opératoires étaient simples

Paralysie récurrentielle bilatérale : l'aryténoïdopexie est-elle toujours compétitive ?

Introduction : La Paralysie Récurrentielle (PR) bilatérale en adduction est une situation clinique dramatique. Le traitement repose sur la chirurgie par voie endoscopique couplée au laser. Ce procédé thérapeutique est inaccessible dans beaucoup de pays en développement. La chirurgie par voie externe peut-elle constituer une alternative ? Matériel et méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective portant sur 20 patients, porteurs d'une PR bilatérale en adduction post-thyroïdectomie, sur une période de 12 ans. Tous les malades ont été traités par abord chirurgical cervical externe. L'appréciation des résultats se faisait sur la possibilité de décanulation et la qualité de la voix.Résultats : Tous les malades étaient de sexe féminin avec un âge moyen de 43 ans. La PR était une complication de la thyroïdectomie totale dans 85% des cas et subtotale dans 15% des cas. L'abord latéral du larynx nous a permis de réaliser 16 aryténoïdopexies selon King et 2 aryténoïdectomies associées à une cordopexie selon Graaf Woodman. L'abord antérieur par thyrotomie, effectué dans 4 cas, a permis de réaliser une aryténoïdectomie dans 1 cas et une cordo-aryténoïdectomie dans 3 cas. La décanulation a été effective chez tous les malades après un délai moyen de 30 jours. Après analyse perceptuelle, chez 11 patients, la qualité de la voix était jugée bonne dans 4cas (36.63%), passable dans 2 (18.18%) et mauvaise dans 5 (45.46%).Conclusion : Nos résultats sont satisfaisants et comparables à ceux des séries des pays développés, usant des procédés endoscopiques au laser

Corps étrangers laryngo-trachéo-bronchiques : à propos de 130 cas

Objectifs : Les objectifs de notre étude étaient de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des corps étrangers des voies respiratoires inférieures à la clinique d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale du centre Hospitalier National et Universitaire de Fann. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, couvrant la période du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2013. Nous avons colligé, durant cette période, 130 dossiers de patients âgés de moins de 18 ans qui étaient reçus pour inhalation de corps étrangers. Les endoscopies blanches étaient exclues. Les paramètres étudiés étaient : l'âge, le sexe, la présence ou non d'un syndrome de pénétration, les signes fonctionnels, le délai de consultation, le traitement effectué, la localisation endoscopique, la nature du corps étranger, les données de l'imagerie, l'indication de la trachéotomie et les complications. L'analyse des données était effectuée avec le logiciel Sphinx Lexica V 4.5 2003. Résultats : L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 3,84 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 4 mois à 17 ans. Une prédominance féminine était notée avec un sex-ratio de 0,91. Les patients évacués d'autres pays représen- taient 6,9% des cas. Le délai moyen de consultation était de 8,05 jours. Le syndrome de pénétration était retrouvé dans 78,5% des cas. La radiographie standard mettait en évidence un corps étranger radio-opaque dans 33,1% des cas. La localisation laryngée était la plus fréquente, elle représentait 26,7% des cas. La graine d'arachide était le corps étranger le plus fréquemment retrouvé soit 39,2%. Onze patients étaient trachéotomisés. Quatre cas de décès ont été rapportés soit 3% des cas.Conclusion : L'inhalation d'un corps étranger est un problème de santé publique. L'augmentation de l'incidence de cet accident et la transition épidémiologique impose une meilleure prévention

FUNGAL SYMBIONTS. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism.

The global biogeography of microorganisms remains largely unknown, in contrast to the well-studied diversity patterns of macroorganisms. We used arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus DNA from 1014 plant-root samples collected worldwide to determine the global distribution of these plant symbionts. We found that AM fungal communities reflected local environmental conditions and the spatial distance between sites. However, despite AM fungi apparently possessing limited dispersal ability, we found 93% of taxa on multiple continents and 34% on all six continents surveyed. This contrasts with the high spatial turnover of other fungal taxa and with the endemism displayed by plants at the global scale. We suggest that the biogeography of AM fungi is driven by unexpectedly efficient dispersal, probably via both abiotic and biotic vectors, including humans.

[Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the vagus nerve]. / Tumeur neuroectodermique primitive du nerf vague.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are a rare type of malignant neuroectodermal tumor that is very aggressive. Cervicofacial location is rare, even exceptional. We report a case of a 4-month-old male infant, referred from the pediatric clinic for severe supralaryngeal dyspnea, a firm mass under the left mandibular angle, mobile and extended to the parotid area, painful, with a curve of the left side wall of the oropharynx. Cervical computed tomodensitometry showed a well-limited mass in the carotid area, enhanced by the contrast product. A vascularized mass, which had developed at the expense of the vagus nerve, was removed surgically. Histology found a primitive neuroectodermal tumor.