Speckle statistics as a tool to distinguish collective behaviors of Zebrafish shoals.

Zebrafish have become an important model animal for studying the emergence of collective behavior in nature. Here, we show how to properly analyze the polarization statistics to distinguish shoal regimes. In analogy with the statistical properties of optical speckles, we show that exponential and Rayleigh distributions emerge in shoals with many fish with uncorrelated velocity directions. In the opposite limit of just two fish, the polarization distribution peaks at high polarity, with the average value being a decreasing function of the shoal's size, even in the absence of correlations. We also perform a set of experiments unveiling two shoaling regimes. Large shoals behave as small domains with strong intra-domain and weak inter-domain correlations. A strongly correlated regime develops for small shoals. The reported polarization statistical features shall guide future automated neuroscience, pharmacological, toxicological, and embryogenesis-motivated experiments aiming to explore the collective behavior of fish shoals.

Behavioral Effects of the Mixture and the Single Compounds Carbendazim, Fipronil, and Sulfentrazone on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae.

Pesticides are often detected in freshwater, but their impact on the aquatic environment is commonly studied based on single compounds, underestimating the potential additive effects of these mixtures. Even at low concentrations, pesticides can negatively affect organisms, altering important behaviors that can have repercussions at the population level. This study used a multi-behavioral approach to evaluate the effects of zebrafish larvae exposure to carbendazim (C), fipronil (F), and sulfentrazone (S), individually and mixed. Five behavioral tests, thigmotaxis, touch sensitivity, optomotor response, bouncing ball test, and larval exploratory behavior, were performed to assess potential effects on anxiety, fear, and spatial and social interaction. Significant changes were observed in the performance of larvae exposed to all compounds and their mixtures. Among the single pesticides, exposure to S produced the most behavioral alterations, followed by F and C, respectively. A synergistic effect between the compounds was observed in the C + F group, which showed more behavioral effects than the groups exposed to pesticides individually. The use of behavioral tests to evaluate pesticide mixtures is important to standardize methods and associate behavioral changes with ecologically relevant events, thus creating a more realistic scenario for investigating the potential environmental impacts of these compounds.

Multifractal fluctuations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) polarization time series.

In this work, we study the polarization time series obtained from experimental observation of a group of zebrafish (Danio rerio) confined in a circular tank. The complex dynamics of the individual trajectory evolution lead to the appearance of multiple characteristic scales. Employing the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA), we found distinct behaviors according to the parameters used. The polarization time series are multifractal at low fish densities and their average scales with ρ - 1 / 4 . On the other hand, they tend to be monofractal, and their average scales with ρ - 1 / 2 for high fish densities. These two regimes overlap at critical density ρ c , suggesting the existence of a phase transition separating them. We also observed that for low densities, the polarization velocity shows a non-Gaussian behavior with heavy tails associated with long-range correlation and becomes Gaussian for high densities, presenting an uncorrelated regime.

Ketogenic diet in pharmacoresistant epilepsies: a clinical nutritional assessment.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases, usually beginning in childhood. About 30% of children with epilepsies develop seizures that are difficult to control with medication. Recurrent epileptic seizures hinder diet intake, impairing the nutritional status. Although non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., ketogenic diet therapy) can improve epileptic seizure frequency, few studies analyzed their impact on the nutritional status of children and adolescents with epilepsies. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet on the nutritional status and clinical course of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsies. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years of age followed up at the Ketogenic Diet Ambulatory Clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira between December 2015 and December 2021. Socioeconomic, clinical, nutritional, and laboratory data were collected from medical records at different time points during the ketogenic diet. RESULTS: The sample comprised 49 patients aged between 5 months and 17 years (median = 4.4 years), mostly male (62.1%), and from Recife and the metropolitan region (51%). Underweight patients (BMI-for-age) improved their nutritional status in six months. However, patients who were normal weight and overweight maintained their nutritional status. Dyslipidemia was a common and short-term adverse effect. Moreover, the treatment decreased epileptic seizure frequency and antiseizure medication intake. CONCLUSION: The ketogenic diet prevented malnutrition from worsening and reduced epileptic seizures and antiseizure medication intake.

ANTECEDENTES: A epilepsia, uma das doenças neurológicas crônicas mais prevalentes, tem geralmente início na infância. Cerca de 30% das crianças com epilepsia desenvolvem crises de difícil controle medicamentoso. As crises epilépticas recorrentes dificultam a ingestão alimentar, prejudicando o estado nutricional. Intervenções não farmacológicas, como a terapia com dieta cetogênica, podem melhorar a frequência das crises epilépticas, mas existem poucos estudos sobre a repercussão no estado nutricional da criança/adolescente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da terapia cetogênica sobre o estado nutricional e a evolução clínica da epilepsia fármaco-resistente. MéTODOS: Estudo tipo corte transversal envolvendo menores de 18 anos acompanhados no Ambulatório de Dieta Cetogênica do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira entre dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2021. Dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, nutricionais e laboratoriais foram coletados nos prontuários dos pacientes em vários momentos da terapia cetogênica. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 49 pacientes com idades entre cinco meses e 17 anos (mediana = 4,4 anos), a maioria do sexo masculino (62,1%) e procedentes de Recife e região metropolitana (51%). Pacientes com baixo peso (de acordo com o IMC para idade) melhoraram seu estado nutricional em seis meses. No entanto, os pacientes com peso adequado e com sobrepeso mantiveram seu estado nutricional. A dislipidemia foi um efeito adverso frequente e de curta duração. Além disso, o tratamento reduziu a frequência de crises epilépticas e a dose de fármacos anticrises. CONCLUSãO: A dieta cetogênica preveniu o agravamento da desnutrição e reduziu as crises epilépticas e a dosagem de fármacos anticrises.

Ketogenic diet in pharmacoresistant epilepsies: a clinical nutritional assessment / Dieta cetogênica na epilepsia fármaco-resistente: avaliação clínica-nutricional

Abstract Background Epilepsies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases, usually beginning in childhood. About 30% of children with epilepsies develop seizures that are difficult to control with medication. Recurrent epileptic seizures hinder diet intake, impairing the nutritional status. Although non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., ketogenic diet therapy) can improve epileptic seizure frequency, few studies analyzed their impact on the nutritional status of children and adolescents with epilepsies. Objective The aim was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet on the nutritional status and clinical course of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years of age followed up at the Ketogenic Diet Ambulatory Clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira between December 2015 and December 2021. Socioeconomic, clinical, nutritional, and laboratory data were collected from medical records at different time points during the ketogenic diet. Results The sample comprised 49 patients aged between 5 months and 17 years (median = 4.4 years), mostly male (62.1%), and from Recife and the metropolitan region (51%). Underweight patients (BMI-for-age) improved their nutritional status in six months. However, patients who were normal weight and overweight maintained their nutritional status. Dyslipidemia was a common and short-term adverse effect. Moreover, the treatment decreased epileptic seizure frequency and antiseizure medication intake. Conclusion The ketogenic diet prevented malnutrition from worsening and reduced epileptic seizures and antiseizure medication intake.

Resumo Antecedentes A epilepsia, uma das doenças neurológicas crônicas mais prevalentes, tem geralmente início na infância. Cerca de 30% das crianças com epilepsia desenvolvem crises de difícil controle medicamentoso. As crises epilépticas recorrentes dificultam a ingestão alimentar, prejudicando o estado nutricional. Intervenções não farmacológicas, como a terapia com dieta cetogênica, podem melhorar a frequência das crises epilépticas, mas existem poucos estudos sobre a repercussão no estado nutricional da criança/adolescente. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da terapia cetogênica sobre o estado nutricional e a evolução clínica da epilepsia fármaco-resistente. Métodos Estudo tipo corte transversal envolvendo menores de 18 anos acompanhados no Ambulatório de Dieta Cetogênica do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira entre dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2021. Dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, nutricionais e laboratoriais foram coletados nos prontuários dos pacientes em vários momentos da terapia cetogênica. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 49 pacientes com idades entre cinco meses e 17 anos (mediana = 4,4 anos), a maioria do sexo masculino (62,1%) e procedentes de Recife e região metropolitana (51%). Pacientes com baixo peso (de acordo com o IMC para idade) melhoraram seu estado nutricional em seis meses. No entanto, os pacientes com peso adequado e com sobrepeso mantiveram seu estado nutricional. A dislipidemia foi um efeito adverso frequente e de curta duração. Além disso, o tratamento reduziu a frequência de crises epilépticas e a dose de fármacos anticrises. Conclusão A dieta cetogênica preveniu o agravamento da desnutrição e reduziu as crises epilépticas e a dosagem de fármacos anticrises.

Acute effect of different loads on muscle performance and perceived exertion in young women / Efecto agudo de distintas cargas sobre el desempeño muscular y el esfuerzo percibido en mujeres jóvenes / Efeito agudo de diferentes cargas no desempenho muscular e esforço percebido em mulheres jovens

ABSTRACT Introduction: Load reduction using the repetition maximum (RM) method may be necessary to promote higher numbers of repetitions, and consequently, higher total volume, time under tension, and perceived exertion ratings. Objective: To compare the effects of different leg press exercise loads on number of repetitions, total volume, time under tension, and perceived exertion. Methods: Eighteen women university students (23.9 ± 3.8 years) performed two experimental sessions with 90% and 100% of 10-12 RM in a balanced crossover design. Results: The number of repetitions of the second and third sets, the total volume, and time under tension at 90% of 10-12 RM was statistically higher than at 100% of 10-12 RM ( p < 0.05). The perceived exertion of the first and second sets and the training load (perceived exertion x duration of sessions) were higher at 100% of the 10-12 RM session ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: A small reduction in load results in a greater number of repetitions, total volume, and time under tension. The session with the higher load appeared to induce higher perceived exertion and training load. Thus, scientists and coaches might consider lower loads to maximize the number of repetitions, total volume, and time under tension, which may cause greater long-term muscular adaptations. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La reducción de la carga por el método de las repeticiones máximas (RM) puede ser necesaria para promover un mayor número de repeticiones y, consecuentemente, un mayor volumen total, tiempo bajo tensión y calificaciones del esfuerzo percibido. Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de diferentes cargas del ejercicio de prensa de piernas sobre el número de repeticiones, volumen, tiempo bajo tensión y esfuerzo percibido. Métodos: Dieciocho estudiantes universitarios (23,9 ± 3,8 años) realizaron dos sesiones experimentales con el 90% y el 100% de 10-12 RM en un diseño trasversal equilibrado. Resultados: El número de repeticiones de la segunda y tercera serie, el volumen total y el tiempo bajo tensión al 90% de 10-12 RM fue estadísticamente mayor que al 100% de 10-12 RM (p < 0,05). El esfuerzo percibido de la primera y segunda serie y la carga de entrenamiento (esfuerzo percibido x duración de las sesiones) fueron superiores en la sesión realizada al 100% de 10-12 RM (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Una pequeña reducción de la carga da lugar a un mayor número de repeticiones, volumen total y tiempo bajo tensión. La sesión con mayor carga indujo un mayor esfuerzo percibido y carga de entrenamiento. Por lo tanto, los científicos y entrenadores pueden considerar cargas más bajas para maximizar el número de repeticiones, el volumen total y el tiempo bajo tensión, lo que puede causar mayores adaptaciones musculares a largo plazo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

RESUMO Introdução: A redução da carga pelo método das repetições máximas (RM) pode ser necessária para promover maior número de repetições e, consequentemente, maior volume total, tempo sob tensão e classificações do esforço percebido. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos de diferentes cargas do exercício leg press no número de repetições, volume total, tempo sob tensão e percepção de esforço. Métodos: Dezoito universitárias (23,9 ± 3,8 anos) realizaram duas sessões experimentais com 90% e 100% de 10-12 RM em desenho transversal balanceado. Resultados: O número de repetições da segunda e terceira séries, volume total e tempo sob tensão a 90% de 10-12 RM foi estatisticamente maior do que a 100% de 10-12 RM (p < 0,05). A percepção do esforço da primeira e segunda séries e a carga de treinamento (percepção do esforço x duração das sessões) foram maiores na sessão realizada com 100% de 10-12 RM (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Uma pequena redução da carga resulta em maior número de repetições, volume total e tempo sob tensão. A sessão com maior carga induziu maior percepção do esforço e carga de treinamento. Assim, cientistas e treinadores podem considerar cargas menores para maximizar o número de repetições, o volume total e o tempo sob tensão, o que pode causar maiores adaptações musculares a longo prazo. Nível de evidência II; Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

Bioética e psiquiatria: escassez de literatura recente no Brasil / Bioethics and psychiatry: paucity of recent literature in Brazil / Bioética y psiquiatría: escasez de literatura reciente en Brasil

Resumo A fim de analisar a produção científica sobre bioética e psiquiatria no Brasil publicada nos últimos dez anos, realizou-se revisão integrativa da literatura disponível em bases de dados, utilizando descritores e operadores de pesquisa para relacionar os termos "ética or bioética or ética médica and psiquiatria". O processo de busca dos estudos culminou em seleção de treze artigos, dos quais apenas dois foram elegíveis para a revisão integrativa de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. A pesquisa mostrou que apenas os temas da espiritualidade e da pedofilia foram abordados nos estudos analisados, ambos com metodologia de revisão de literatura. Apesar de os campos de bioética e psiquiatria terem grande relevância na contemporaneidade, há escassez de trabalhos científicos no Brasil sobre o tema, pouco explorado e incentivado.

Abstract Our integrative literature review sought to analyze the scientific production on bioethics and psychiatry published in Brazil in the last ten years. Bibliographic search used descriptors and search operators to relates the terms " ética or bioética or ética médica and psiquiatria, " resulting in thirteen articles selected, of which only two were eligible for review according to the inclusion criteria. Results show that only spirituality and pedophilia were themes addressed by the analyzed studies, both literature reviews. Despite the contemporary relevancy of bioethics and psychiatry, research on these themes is little explored and encouraged in Brazil.

Resumen Con el fin de analizar la producción científica sobre bioética y psiquiatría en Brasil publicada en los últimos diez años, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura disponible en bases de datos, utilizando descriptores y operadores de investigación para relacionar los términos "ética or bioética or ética médica and psiquiatría". La búsqueda culminó con la selección de trece artículos, de los cuales solo dos fueron elegibles para la revisión integradora según los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que solo se abordaron los temas de espiritualidad y pedofilia en los estudios analizados, ambos siguieron la metodología de revisión de literatura. Aunque la bioética y la psiquiatría tienen gran relevancia en la contemporaneidad, los estudios científicos en Brasil sobre el tema son escasos, poco explorados y fomentados.

Diffusion of Technology in the Teaching of Neuroanatomy in Times of Pandemic: A Medical and Academic Perspective on Learning.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes in many sectors of society worldwide. The issue of medical education stands out since it had to adapt to the rules of social isolation, ensuing discussions about the computerization of teaching methodology, particularly in neuroanatomy. In particular, the latter showed satisfactory adaptability to new technologies and highly promising learning results. During this review, we aim to evaluate the current state of neuroanatomy teaching and evaluate the possibilities of incorporating technology into teaching-learning of human anatomy in a post-pandemic world.

Effects of Myofascial Mobilization on Flexibility in Young Men Adults / Efeito da Mobilização Miofascial na Flexibilidade em Homens Adultos Jovens

The aim of the study is to control the effect of myofascial mobilization on flexibility values ​​in young men. 23 young adult men, aged between 18 and 30 years (74.8 ± 9.8 kg; 1.74 ± 0.06 cm; 24.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2), participated in the study, separated into experimental and control groups. Participants of the experimental group received an instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) session, bilateral, in the muscular region of the quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and triceps surae. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and medial, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were mobilized for a period of 60 seconds. In the control session, participants remained at rest for a period of 15 minutes. The flexibility assessments were performed pre- and- immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-sessions of both groups. The myofascial mobilization session promoted percentage increases in flexibility significantly higher at 24 hours when compared to values ​​immediately after, 24 hours and 48 hours after the control session (P < 0.05). The percentage increases in flexibility 48 hours after the myofascial mobilization session were significantly greater when compared to values ​​immediately post and 24 hours after the control session (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that an instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) session promotes increases in flexibility in young adults one and two days after the intervention. (AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da mobilização miofascial nos valores da flexibilidade em homens jovens. Participaram do estudo 23 homens adultos jovens, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (74,8 ± 9,8 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 cm; 24,7 ± 3,0 kg/m2), separados em grupo experimental e controle. Os participantes do grupo experimental receberam uma sessão mobilização miofascial assistida por instrumento (IASTM), bilateralmente, na região muscular do quadríceps femural, isquiotibiais e tríceps sural. Os músculos reto femural, vasto lateral e medial, bíceps femoral, semitendinoso, semimembranoso, gastrocnêmio e sóleo foram mobilizados por um período de 60 segundos. Na sessão controle, os participantes permaneceram em repouso por um período de 15 minutos. As avaliações da flexiblidade foram realizadas pré, imediatamente após, 24 horas e 48 horas após as sessões de ambos os grupos. A sessão de mobilização miofascial promoveu aumentos percentuais da flexibilidade 24 horas significativamente maiores quando comparado aos valores imediatamente pós, 24 horas e 48 horas da sessão controle (P < 0,05). Os aumentos percentuais da flexibilidade 48 horas após a sessão mobilização miofascial foram significativamente maiores quando comparado aos valores imediatamente pós e 24 horas da sessão controle (P < 0,05). Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que uma sessão de mobilização miofascial assistida por instrumento promove aumentos da flexibilidade em adultos jovens após um e dois dias à intervenção.(AU)

Estratégia saúde da família rural no Nordeste do Brasil: percepções de profissionais sobre a saúde e ambiente / Rural family health strategy in Northeastern Brazil: professionals' perceptions of health and the environment

Objetivo: compreender as percepções de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) que atuam em territórios rurais de municípios do Nordeste brasileiro acerca das inter-relações entre a saúde e ambiente no processo saúde-doença-cuidado da população.Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, em que se realizaram 29 entrevistas de sete categorias profissionais. Adotou-se a análise temática para o processamento e interpretação do material empírico. Resultados: foram discutidas a necessidade de informação acerca de questões ambientais e seu impacto no processo saúde-doença e a consciência ambiental na dimensão do território. Há compreensão do ambiente como determinante de saúde, porém sob uma perspectiva embrionária, além de uma articulação insuficiente entre determinação social e práticas emancipatórias no contexto de saúde e ambiente. Conclusões: ressalta-se a importância de fortalecer as práticas na ESF a partir dos pressupostos explicitados na Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População de Campo Florestas e Águas. Reforça-se a necessidade de se desenvolver processos formativos, envolvendo a equipe para contribuir na transformação da realidade em saúde da população de campo e das águas.

Objective: To understand the perceptions of Family Health Strategy (ESF, in Portuguese) professionals working in rural territories in municipalities of the Brazilian Northeast on the interrelationships between health and the environment in the health-disease-care process of the population. Method: qualitative research, in which 29 interviews in seven professional categories were carried out. Thematic analysis was adopted for the processing and interpretation of the empirical material. Results: it was discussed the need for information about environmental issues and their impact on the health-disease process, as well as environmental awareness in the dimension of the territory. From an embryonic perspective, there is an understanding of the environment as a determinant of health, with insufficient articulation between social determinants and emancipatory practices in the context of health and the environment. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of strengthening ESF practices based on the assumptions outlined in the National Policy for the Integral Health of the Populations of the Field, Forest, and Water. We reinforce the need to develop training processes involving the team to contribute to the transformation of the health reality of the countryside and water populations.

Condições de vida e saúde de famílias rurais no sertão cearense: desafios para Agenda 2030 / Life and health conditions of rural families in the hinterlands of Ceará: challenges for the 2030 Agenda

RESUMO Este estudo caracteriza condições de vida e situação de saúde das famílias que vivem da agricultura familiar e da pesca artesanal no sertão cearense. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva quantitativa e delineamento transversal realizada mediante entrevistas com 152 agricultores(as) familiares e/ou pescadores(as) artesanais em Novo Oriente, Ceará, Brasil. A análise estatística foi realizada com frequência absoluta e relativa, média aritmética e desvio-padrão. Observaram-se algumas vulnerabilidades vivenciadas pelas famílias: 19,5% (n=29) com deficiência no tratamento da água para consumo, 25,7% (n=39) relataram existência de problemas ambientais, 26,6% (n=40) apresentando insatisfatória produção familiar, 34,6% (n=47) com baixa renda familiar, 75% (n=114) com inexistência na localidade de escolas e 88,2% (n=134) de creches, 51,3% (n=78) com carência de opções de lazer e 37,5% (n=57) em insegurança alimentar. Na análise da situação de saúde, destaca-se prevalência de doenças crônicas, como cardiovasculares e mentais. Essa realidade é contraditória com as metas propostas pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável: fome zero; boa saúde e bem-estar; educação de qualidade; água limpa e saneamento; emprego digno e crescimento econômico; redução das desigualdades. Dessa forma, as ações de saúde não podem se desvincular dessas iniquidades, devendo-se buscar uma articulação entre governos, empresas e cidadãos para alcançar as metas da Agenda 2030.

ABSTRACT This study characterizes the living conditions and health situation of families who live from family farming and artisanal fishing in hinterlands of Ceará. This is a descriptive quantitative research and cross-sectional design conducted through interviews with 152 family farmers and / or artisanal fishermen in Novo Oriente, Ceará, Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed with absolute and relative frequency, arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Some vulnerabilities experienced by the families were observed: 19.5% (n=29) with a deficiency in the treatment of drinking water, 25.7% (n=39) reported the existence of environmental problems, 26.6% (n=40) showing unsatisfactory family production, 34.6% (n=47) with low family income, 75% (n=114) with no schools in the locality and 88.2% (n=134) of day care centers, 51.3% ( n=78) with a lack of leisure options, and 37.5% (n=57) with food insecurity. Prevalence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and mental, stands out. This reality is contradictory with the goals proposed by the SDG: zero hunger; good health and welfare; quality education; clean water and sanitation; decent employment and economic growth; reduction of inequalities. Thus, health actions cannot be separated from these inequities, and a link between governments, companies, and citizens must be sought to achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda.

Audiovisual Content for a Radiology Fellowship Selection Process During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pilot Web-Based Questionnaire Study.

BACKGROUND: Traditional radiology fellowships are usually 1- or 2-year clinical training programs in a specific area after completion of a 4-year residency program. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the experience of fellowship applicants in answering radiology questions in an audiovisual format using their own smartphones after answering radiology questions in a traditional printed text format as part of the application process during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that fellowship applicants would find that recorded audiovisual radiology content adds value to the conventional selection process, may increase engagement by using their own smartphone device, and facilitate the understanding of imaging findings of radiology-based questions, while maintaining social distancing. METHODS: One senior staff radiologist of each subspecialty prepared 4 audiovisual radiology questions for each subspecialty. We conducted a survey using web-based questionnaires for 123 fellowship applications for musculoskeletal (n=39), internal medicine (n=61), and neuroradiology (n=23) programs to evaluate the experience of using audiovisual radiology content as a substitute for the conventional text evaluation. RESULTS: Most of the applicants (n=122, 99%) answered positively (with responses of "agree" or "strongly agree") that images in digital forms are of superior quality to those printed on paper. In total, 101 (82%) applicants agreed with the statement that the presentation of cases in audiovisual format facilitates the understanding of the findings. Furthermore, 81 (65%) candidates agreed or strongly agreed that answering digital forms is more practical than conventional paper forms. CONCLUSIONS: The use of audiovisual content as part of the selection process for radiology fellowships is a new approach to evaluate the potential to enhance the applicant's experience during this process. This technology also allows for the evaluation of candidates without the need for in-person interaction. Further studies could streamline these methods to minimize work redundancy with traditional text assessments or even evaluate the acceptance of using only audiovisual content on smartphones.

Effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts on murine 4T1 tumor line

Breast cancer appears as the main gynecological cancer and presents high morbidity and mortality. Because most diagnoses are made belatedly, it is necessary to seek therapeutic options that aim for advanced stages of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the antitumoral action of Stryphnodendron adstringens fruit extracts on 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell culture. The inhibitory potential of S. adstringens fruit extract on the metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 was evaluated through zymography. From these results, MTT assays were performed to evaluate the extracts' effects on the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 line cell viability. From the crude extract, the following extracts were obtained: hydroalcoholic (SAFCEA), hexane (SAFCEB), chloroform (SAFCEC), and ethyl acetate (SAFCED). Lastly, the migration of the cells treated with extracts SAFCEA and SAFCED was verified. The hydroalcoholic extract (SAFCEA) was the most efficient in inhibiting gelatinases. During the phytochemical study, it was noted that alkaloids were present in all partitions. The 50 % growth inhibition (IC50) concentrations found were: 40.1 µg/mL (SAFCEA) and 70.14 µg/mL (SAFCED). After the cellular cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology was altered by treatment with the selected partitions (SAFCEA and SAFCED), obtaining morphology consistent with apoptosis. The results demonstrate that S. adstringens extracts exhibit the inhibitory activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as cytotoxicity toward 4T1 tumor cells. These findings indicate that follow-up studies of the partitions from S. adstringens may lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutics for oncological treatments.

Water Vapor Pressure Deficit in Portugal and Implications for the Development of the Invasive African Citrus Psyllid Trioza erytreae.

African citrus psyllid (Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio)) is a vector insect of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing, the most devastating citrus disease in the world. The insect was found on the island of Madeira in 1994 and in mainland Portugal in 2015. Present in the north and center of the country, it is a threat to Algarve, the main citrus-producing region. Trioza erytreae eggs and first instar nymphs are sensitive to the combination of high temperatures and low relative humidity. Daily maximum air temperature and minimum relative humidity data from 18 weather stations were used to calculate the water vapor pressure deficit (vpd) from 2004 to 2018 at various locations. Based on the mean vpd and the number of unfavorable days (vpd < 34.5 and vpd < 56 mbar) of two time periods (February to May and June to September), less favorable zones for T. erytreae were identified. The zones with thermal and water conditions like those observed in the Castelo Branco and Portalegre (Center), Beja (Alentejo), Alte, and Norinha (Algarve) stations showed climatic restrictions to the development of eggs and first instar nymphs of African citrus psyllid. Effective control measures, such as the introduction and mass release of Tamarixia dryi (Waterson), a specific parasitoid, and chemical control are necessary in favorable periods for T. erytreae development, such as in spring and in areas with limited or no climate restrictions.

Assessing the use of arabic gum as a drying adjuvant for powdered shrimp obtained using a spray dryer / Avaliação do uso de goma arabica como adjuvante de secagem para camarão em pó obtido por spray-dryer

The aim of this study was to find a new method to improve shrimp availability in the culinary and food industry, especially for products in which the flavour of shrimp must be preserved, such as sauces, seasonings, dehydrated soups, and snacks. The approach involved the use of arabic gum as a drying adjuvant on powdered shrimp obtained by spray drying. The effects of the arabic gum on the physicochemical characteristics of the powdered shrimp were then evaluated. The fresh shrimp was processed using the following steps: washing, pre-baking, cephalothorax elimination, and grinding of the abdomen in a blender. Arabic gum was added to the shrimp paste at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% and dehydrated in a spray dryer with input temperatures of 120 ºC and 150 ºC. The chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics of to cite in the article page. the control treatment, the addition of arabic gum did not cause any significant alterations to the chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics. The temperature increase from 120 ºC to 150 ºC in the control samples had no significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the moisture of the product. The input temperature of 120 ºC was found to be the most efficient for drying the shrimp, given that the final product had a high protein content.(AU)

O presente trabalho trata de uma nova forma de disponibilizar o camarão, visando sua aplicação na indústria alimentícia ou na culinária, em que se deseje agregar o sabor de camarão, como molhos, temperos, patês, sopas desidratadas, salgadinhos, entre outros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso da goma arábica como adjuvante de secagem nas características físicas e químicas do pó de camarão obtido pelo processo de secagem por atomização. O camarão fresco foi submetido às etapas: lavagem, pré-aquecimento, eliminação do cefalotórax e trituração do abdômen em liquidificador. À pasta de camarão resultante foi adicionada goma arábica nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 8% e desidratada em spray de aquecimento utilizando as temperaturas de entrada de 120 e 150 º C. O pó obtido foi avaliado quanto às suas características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas. A adição de goma arábica não alterou significativamente as características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas em relação à amostra controle. O aumento da temperatura de 120 para 150ºC, amostras controle, não teve efeito significativo (p ≤ 0.05) sobre a umidade do produto. O uso da temperatura de entrada de 120 º C no spray-dryer foi mais indicado para a secagem do camarão, apresentando um produto final de alto valor proteico.(AU)

Assessing the use of arabic gum as a drying adjuvant for powdered shrimp obtained using a spray dryer / Avaliação do uso de goma arabica como adjuvante de secagem para camarão em pó obtido por spray-dryer

The aim of this study was to find a new method to improve shrimp availability in the culinary and food industry, especially for products in which the flavour of shrimp must be preserved, such as sauces, seasonings, dehydrated soups, and snacks. The approach involved the use of arabic gum as a drying adjuvant on powdered shrimp obtained by spray drying. The effects of the arabic gum on the physicochemical characteristics of the powdered shrimp were then evaluated. The fresh shrimp was processed using the following steps: washing, pre-baking, cephalothorax elimination, and grinding of the abdomen in a blender. Arabic gum was added to the shrimp paste at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% and dehydrated in a spray dryer with input temperatures of 120 ºC and 150 ºC. The chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics of to cite in the article page. the control treatment, the addition of arabic gum did not cause any significant alterations to the chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics. The temperature increase from 120 ºC to 150 ºC in the control samples had no significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the moisture of the product. The input temperature of 120 ºC was found to be the most efficient for drying the shrimp, given that the final product had a high protein content.

O presente trabalho trata de uma nova forma de disponibilizar o camarão, visando sua aplicação na indústria alimentícia ou na culinária, em que se deseje agregar o sabor de camarão, como molhos, temperos, patês, sopas desidratadas, salgadinhos, entre outros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso da goma arábica como adjuvante de secagem nas características físicas e químicas do pó de camarão obtido pelo processo de secagem por atomização. O camarão fresco foi submetido às etapas: lavagem, pré-aquecimento, eliminação do cefalotórax e trituração do abdômen em liquidificador. À pasta de camarão resultante foi adicionada goma arábica nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 8% e desidratada em spray de aquecimento utilizando as temperaturas de entrada de 120 e 150 º C. O pó obtido foi avaliado quanto às suas características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas. A adição de goma arábica não alterou significativamente as características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas em relação à amostra controle. O aumento da temperatura de 120 para 150ºC, amostras controle, não teve efeito significativo (p ≤ 0.05) sobre a umidade do produto. O uso da temperatura de entrada de 120 º C no spray-dryer foi mais indicado para a secagem do camarão, apresentando um produto final de alto valor proteico.

Glandular odontogenic cyst: report of an unusual case in the posterior mandible / Cisto odontogênico glandular: relato de um caso incomum na região posterior de mandíbula

ABSTRACT The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental cyst that presents glandular differentiation and has potential for recurrence. Clinically, it is asymptomatic and it has slow growing. This report proposes to describe a clinical case of GOC diagnosed at the Service of Pathological Anatomy of a university in the northeast of Brazil, in the posterior region of the mandible, which was treated with mandibular resection and bone graft with iliac crest. One may conclude that clinical, microscopic and radiographic parameters were crucial tools for treatment choice.

RESUMEN El quiste odontogénico glandular (QOG) es un quiste del desarrollo poco frecuente que presenta diferenciación glandular y es propenso a la recurrencia. Clinicamente, es asintomático y de crecimiento lento. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso clinico de QOG diagnosticado en la región posterior de la mandíbula en un paciente masculino de 36 anos de edad, atendido en el servicio de Anatomia Patológica de una universidad en el nordeste de Brasil. Se decidió tratarlo por resección mandibular e injerto óseo de la cresta ilíaca. La conclusión a que podemos llegar es que los parâmetros clínicos, microscópicos y radiográficos fueran herramientas esencialespara la elección del tratamiento.

RESUMO O cisto odontogênico glandular (COG) é um cisto de desenvolvimento incomum que apresenta diferenciação glandular e tem potencial de recidiva. Clinicamente, é assintomático e de crescimento lento. Este relato propõe-se a descrever um caso clínico de COG diagnosticado em região posterior de mandíbula em um paciente do gênero masculino, 36 anos de idade, atendido no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica de uma universidade no nordeste do Brasil. Como tratamento, optou-se por ressecção mandibular e enxerto ósseo da crista ilíaca. Conclui-se que os parâmetros clínicos, microscópicos e radiográficos foram ferramentas essenciais na escolha do tratamento realizado.

Evaluation of Audiovisual Reports to Enhance Traditional Emergency Musculoskeletal Radiology Reports.

Traditional radiology reports are narrative texts that include a description of imaging findings. Recent implementation of advanced reporting software allows for incorporation of annotated key images and hyperlinks directly into text reports, but these tools usually do not substitute in-person consultations with radiologists, especially in challenging cases. Use of on-demand audio/visual reports with screen capture software is an emerging technology, providing a more engaged imaging service. Our study evaluates a video reporting tool that utilizes PACS integrated screen capture software for musculoskeletal imaging studies in the emergency department. Our hypothesis is that referring orthopedic surgeons would find that recorded audio/video reports add value to conventional reports, may increase engagement with radiology staff, and also facilitate understanding of imaging findings from urgent musculoskeletal cases. Seven radiologists prepared a total of 47 audiovisual reports for 9 attending orthopedic surgeons from the emergency department. We applied two surveys to evaluate the experience of the referring physicians using audio/visual reports as a complementary material from the conventional text report. Positive responses were statistically significant in most questions including: if the clinical suspicion was answered in the video; willingness to use such technology in other cases; if the audiovisual report made the imaging findings more understandable than the traditional report; and if the audiovisual report is faster to understand than the traditional text report. Use of audiovisual reports in emergency musculoskeletal cases is a new approach to evaluate potentially challenging cases. These results support the potential of this technology to re-establish the radiologist's role as an essential member of patient care and also provide more engaging, precise, and personalized reports. Further studies could streamline these methods in order to minimize work redundancy with traditional text reporting or even evaluate acceptance of using only audiovisual radiology reports. Additionally, widespread adoption would require integration with the entire radiology workflow including non-urgent cases and other medical specialties.

Is early HIV infection diagnosis at a reference center a reality in the state of Ceara?

INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) can decrease transmission and significantly affect morbidity and mortality; however, Brazil still confronts the reality of late HIV diagnosis. METHODS: Medical records of 284 HIV-positive patients were reviewed in this cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Of all patients, 28% were diagnosed in the context of health assessments, whereas 27% were symptomatic at diagnosis. Early HIV infection (Group 1) was diagnosed in 60.2% of participants. They were younger than those with late diagnosis (Group 2) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for strategies to increase HIV testing in asymptomatic individuals and older patients.