Advanced neuromonitoring powered by ICM+ and its place in the Brand New AI World, reflections at the 20th anniversary boundary.

Introduction: Adoption of the ICM+® brain monitoring software by clinical research centres worldwide has been continuously growing over the past 20 years. This has necessitated ongoing updates to accommodate evolving neuromonitoring research needs, including recent explosion of artificial intelligence (AI). Research question: We sought to provide an update on the current features of the software. In particular, we aimed to highlight the new options of integrating AI models. Material and methods: We reviewed all currently available ICM+ analytical areas and discussed potential AI based extensions in each. We tested a proof-of-concept integration of an AI model and evaluated its performance for real-time data processing. Results: ICM+ current analytical tools serve both real-time (bed-side) and offline (file based) analysis, including the calculation engine, Signal Calculator, Custom Statistics, Batch tools, ScriptLab and charting. The ICM+ Python plugin engine allows to execute custom Python scripts and take advantage of complex AI frameworks. For the proof-of-concept, we used a neural network convolutional model with 207,000 trainable parameters that classifies morphology of intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse waveform into 5 pulse categories (normal to pathological plus artefactual). When evaluated within ICM+ plugin script on a Windows 10 laptop the classification of a 5 min ICP waveform segment took only 0.19s with a 2.3s of initial, one-off, model loading time required. Conclusions: Modernised ICM+ analytical tools, reviewed in this manuscript, include integration of custom AI models allowing them to be shared and run in real-time, facilitating rapid prototyping and validating of new AI ideas at the bed-side.

[Expansion of a lower shallow vestibule by Schmid and Mormann's operation]. / Prohloubení dolního melkého vestibula operací podle Schmida a Mörmanna.

In the introduction the authors give a brief account of the development of different methods used for correction of a low, shallow vestibule by Schmid and Mörmann's operation which is a modification of Edlan and Mejchar's method. With regard to the favourable results obtained with this operation so far, the authors recommended its wider use.

[The color fastness of composite fillings for the anterior teeth]. / Die Farbbeständigkeit von Frontzahnkompositfüllungen.

In the present study, colour stability of two light-curing composite resins--Durafill and Heliosit--was assessed and compared with that of chemically curing composite resins as well as colour stability of heat-curing resin facets. The change in colour was evaluated by comparing the colour of filling or facet with that of the sampler of respective materials. In the case of composite resins a sample of the same colour as the filling was made as well and kept in distilled water in a dark place. The study tried to distinguish the exogenous and endogenous causes of colour changes by means of successive comparison of the colour of the sample with that of the filling and the colour of the sample with the sampler. The colour stability of facets made of heat-curing resin was found to be the highest. The colour stability of light-curing materials was higher than that of the chemically curing ones. The colour of the filling changed more under the influence of endogenous factors than of the exogenous ones.