RÉSUMÉ
Background/Objectives: Non-Invasive prenatal test (NIPT) is used as a universal or contingent test after prior risk assessment. Screening is mainly performed for common trisomies (T21, T13, T18), although other chromosomal anomalies may be detected. Our objective was to study the performance of GWNIPT in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancies in which an invasive prenatal study was performed and in early pregnancy losses, in comparison with the reference test. Method: VeriSeqTM NIPT Solution v2, a genome-wide NIPT (GWNIPT), was performed prior to invasive testing in fetal diagnostic study cases (FDS, n = 155) and in early pregnancy losses (EPL, n = 68). Results: In the FDS group, the diagnostic test (QFPCR, array and karyotype) detected anomalies in 32 pregnancies (21%), in twenty of them (61%) also detected by GWNIPT. Eleven of the twelve cases undetected by GWNIPT were balanced translocations (n = 4) or deletions/duplications <7 Mb (n = 7). In the EPL group, GWNIPT detected anomalies in 46% of cases (31/68) but comparison with reference test (QFPCR and karyotype) in products of conception (POC) was only possible in 18 cases. Concordant results between POC and GWNIPT test were obtained in 16 of the 18 cases. In EPL, with GWNIPT testing, common trisomies accounted for 25.8% of cases (8/31), rare trisomies 54.8% (17/31) and microdeletions/duplications 16.1% (5/31). Conclusions: The GWNIPT test may be useful in clinical practice in prenatal and in EPL's genetic diagnosis when the appropriate sample is not available.
RÉSUMÉ
The phenotypic repercussion of ZDHHC15 haploinsufficiency is not well-known. This gene was initially suggested as a candidate for X-linked mental retardation, but such an association was later questioned. We studied a multiplex family with three members with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by array CGH, karyotype, exome sequencing and X-chromosome inactivation patterns. Medical history interviews, cognitive and physical examinations, and sensory profiling were also assessed. The three family members with ASD (with normal cognitive abilities and an abnormal sensory profile) were the only carriers of a 1.7 Mb deletion in the long arm of chromosome X, involving: ZDHHC15, MAGEE2, PBDC1, MAGEE1, MIR384 and MIR325. The normal chromosome X was preferentially inactivated in female carriers, and the whole exome sequencing of an affected family member did not reveal any additional genetic variant that could explain the phenotype. Thus, in the present family, ASD segregates with a deletion on chromosome X that includes ZDHHC15. Considering our results together with gene data (regarding function, expression, conservation and animal/cellular models), ZDHHC15 is a candidate gene for ASD. Emerging evidence also suggests that this gene could be associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders, with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.
Sujet(s)
Trouble du spectre autistique , Retard mental lié à l'X , Animaux , Femelle , Trouble du spectre autistique/génétique , , PhénotypeSujet(s)
Stimulation cérébrale profonde , Dystonie , Troubles dystoniques , Humains , Dystonie/génétique , Dystonie/thérapie , Haploinsuffisance/génétique , Troubles dystoniques/thérapie , Globus pallidus , Stimulation cérébrale profonde/effets indésirables , Résultat thérapeutique , Sous-unités alpha Gi-Go des protéines G/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystemic genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, and intellectual disability, as well as various systemic conditions. It is caused by genetic variants in genes related to the cohesin complex. Single-nucleotide variations are the best-known genetic cause of CdLS; however, copy number variants (CNVs) clearly underlie a substantial proportion of cases of the syndrome. The NIPBL gene was thought to be the locus within which clinically relevant CNVs contributed to CdLS. However, in the last few years, pathogenic CNVs have been identified in other genes such as HDAC8, RAD21, and SMC1A. Here, we studied an affected girl presenting with a classic CdLS phenotype heterozygous for a de novo ~32 kbp intragenic duplication affecting exon 10 of HDAC8. Molecular analyses revealed an alteration in the physiological splicing that included a 96 bp insertion between exons 9 and 10 of the main transcript of HDAC8. The aberrant transcript was predicted to generate a truncated protein whose accessibility to the active center was restricted, showing reduced ease of substrate entry into the mutated enzyme. Lastly, we conclude that the duplication is responsible for the patient's phenotype, highlighting the contribution of CNVs as a molecular cause underlying CdLS.
Sujet(s)
Syndrome de Cornelia de Lange , Protéines du cycle cellulaire/génétique , Syndrome de Cornelia de Lange/génétique , Syndrome de Cornelia de Lange/anatomopathologie , Exons , Hétérozygote , Histone deacetylases/génétique , Humains , Phénotype , Protéines de répression/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
The use of new technologies in the routine diagnosis of constitutional abnormalities, such as high-resolution chromosomal microarray and next-generation sequencing, has unmasked new mechanisms for generating structural variation of the human genome. For example, complex chromosome rearrangements can originate by a chromosome catastrophe phenomenon in which numerous genomic rearrangements are apparently acquired in a single catastrophic event. This phenomenon is named chromoanagenesis (from the Greek "chromo" for chromosome and "anagenesis" for rebirth). Herein, we report 2 cases of genomic chaos detected at prenatal diagnosis. The terms "chromothripsis" and "chromoanasynthesis" and the challenge of genetic counseling are discussed.
Sujet(s)
Points de cassure de chromosome , Chromothripsis , Réarrangement des gènes , Génome humain , Diagnostic prénatal/méthodes , Avortement eugénique , Adulte , Hybridation génomique comparative , Variations de nombre de copies de segment d'ADN , Femelle , Foetus , Conseil génétique/éthique , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit , Humains , Caryotypage/méthodes , Mâle , GrossesseRÉSUMÉ
Lobjectiu daquest treball és analitzar levolució de la demanda assistencial i les possibilitats diagnòstiques, en laconsulta de genètica clínica dun hospital de tercer nivell durant els últims cinquanta anys i també a partir dels seus inicis com a consulta específica de Pediatria.Shi analitzen tant els motius de consulta com les proves de laboratori disponibles per arribar al diagnòstic dels pacients valorats durant el període 1968-2018, a la consulta de Genètica Clínica i al Laboratori de Genètica. A partir de 200 consultes anuals, en els primers anys, arribem a lactualitat, en què sen fan al voltant de 8.000 (entre primeres, successives i interconsultes), distribuïdes en Genètica Clínica i Assessorament Genètic, fins a un total de més de 32.000 pacients visitats durant aquests cinquanta anys.Al Laboratori de Genètica, levolució abasta des de lestudi del cariotip convencional fins a laplicació de les tecnologies genòmiques actuals, i shi fan més de 9.000 estudis anuals de pacients de lHospital. Amb la incorporació de noves tecnologies moleculars sha canviat el paradigma de lestudi genètic i sha aconseguit un rendiment millor: shan pogut incrementar els diagnòstics i també sha reduït el temps necessari per obtenir-los.A més de la transformació del genetista que col·labora en el seguiment multidisciplinari dels pacients, sevidencia uncanvi i una diversificació del motiu de consulta i sestableix el valor de la incorporació, a partir del 2010, de professionals especialitzats en assessorament genètic per donar resposta a aquesta demanda.Els canvis experimentats en els motius de consulta, els diagnòstics i les proves de laboratori fetes durant tots aquests anys reflecteixen la importància de la incorporació i la interacció, en una mateixa àrea o unitat assistencial, de professionals especialitzats en genètica clínica, assessorament genètic i laboratori de genètica integral (també ambbioinformàtics). (AU)
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la demandaasistencial y las posibilidades diagnósticas en la consulta de genética clínica de un hospital de tercer nivel a lo largo de los últimos50 años a partir de sus inicios como una consulta específica dePediatría.Se analizan los motivos de consulta y las pruebas de laboratorio disponibles para llegar al diagnóstico de los pacientes valorados en el período 1968-2018 en la Consulta de Genética Clínica y el Laboratorio de Genética. A partir de 200 consultas anuales en los primeros años llegamos a la actualidad, en que se realizan alrededor de 8.000 visitas (primeras, sucesivas e interconsultas) distribuidas en Genética Clínica y Asesoramiento Genético (32.000pacientes visitados hasta la fecha).En el laboratorio de Genética la evolución abarca desde el estudio del cariotipo convencional hasta la aplicación de las tecnologías genómicas actuales realizando más de 9.000 estudios anuales de pacientes del Hospital. Además de la transformación del genetista clínico colaborando en el seguimiento multidisciplinar de los pacientes, se evidencia un cambio y diversificación del motivo de consulta y se establece el valor de la incorporación de profesionales especializados en asesoramiento genético (a partir de 2010) para dar respuesta a esta demanda. Con la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías moleculares se ha cambiado el paradigma del estudio genético con un incremento importante del rendimiento y mejoría en el tiempo en obtener resultados diagnósticos. Los cambios experimentados en los motivos de consulta, los diagnósticos y las pruebas de laboratorio realizadas a lo largo de estos años reflejan la importancia de la incorporación e interacción, en una misma área/unidad asistencial, de profesionales especializados en genética clínica, asesores genéticos y laboratorio de genética integral (incluyendo bioinformáticos). (AU)
The objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of the demand and the diagnostic capabilities in the clinical genetics service of a tertiary hospital over the last 50 years from its initiationas a specific pediatric consultation. The reasons for consultationare analyzed as well as the laboratory tests available to reach thediagnosis of the patients evaluated in the period 1968-2018 at the Clinical Genetics Service and the Genetics Laboratory. From 200 consultations/year in the first years, we have reachedaround 8,000 visits (first, follow-up, and internal consultations) distributed in Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling (32,000patients visited to date).The Genetics Laboratory evolved from the study of the conventional karyotype to the application of state of the art genomic technologies, carrying out more than 9,000 annual studies from patients followedup in the hospital.In addition to the transformation of the role of the clinical geneticist into a member of the multidisciplinary care team, there isevidence of a change and diversification of the reasons for consultation and in the value of incorporating professionals specializedin genetic counseling (starting in 2010) to respond to this demand. With the incorporation of new molecular technologies, theparadigm of the genetic study has changed, with a significant increase in performance and improving time to diagnostic results.The changes experienced in the reasons for consultation, diagnosesand laboratory tests carried out throughout these years reflect theimportance of the incorporation and interaction, in the same healthcare area or unit, of professionals specialized in clinical geneticsand genetic counseling, with a comprehensive genetics laboratory(including bioinformatics). (AU)
Sujet(s)
Humains , Enfant , Histoire du 20ème siècle , Histoire du 21ème siècle , Conseil génétique/histoire , Conseil génétique/tendances , Génétique/histoire , PédiatrieRÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) detected with array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in fetuses with central nervous system (CNS) anomalies. Secondary objectives were to describe the prevalence of CNV in specific CNS abnormalities, in isolated defects or associated with other malformations or fetal growth restriction (FGR). METHODS: Observational cohort study in 238 fetuses with CNS anomalies in which an array-CGH had been performed between January 2009 and December 2017. Pathogenic CNV and variants of unknown significance (VUS) were reported. RESULTS: Pathogenic CNVs were found in 16/238 cases (6.7%), VUS in 18/238 (7.6%), and normal result in 204/238 (85.7%) cases. Pathogenic CNVs were more frequent in posterior fossa anomalies (cerebellar hypoplasia 33%, megacisterna magna 20%), moderate ventriculomegaly (11%) and spina bifida (3.7%). Pathogenic CNVs and VUS were found in 7/182 (3.8%) and 14/182 (7.7%) cases of isolated anomalies, in 9/49 (18.4%) and 4/49 (8.2%) presenting another malformation, and in 0/7 and 0/7 cases with associated FGR (P = .001, P = .741, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results provide strong evidence toward performing array in fetuses with CNS anomalies, particular in cases of posterior fossa anomalies. The prevalence of pathogenic CNVs is higher in association with other malformations.
Sujet(s)
Système nerveux central/malformations , Hybridation génomique comparative/statistiques et données numériques , Variations de nombre de copies de segment d'ADN , Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Grossesse , Études rétrospectives , Centres de soins tertiaires/statistiques et données numériquesRÉSUMÉ
MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe to profound intellectual disability, early onset hypotonia and diverse psycho-motor and behavioural features. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been published. We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a Spanish MDS cohort that included 19 boys and 2 girls. Clinical suspicions were confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Using, a custom in-house MLPA assay, we performed a thorough study of the minimal duplicated region, from which we concluded a complete duplication of both MECP2 and IRAK1 was necessary for a correct MDS diagnosis, as patients with partial MECP2 duplications lacked some typical clinical traits present in other MDS patients. In addition, the duplication location may be related to phenotypic severity. This observation may provide a new approach for genotype-phenotype correlations, and thus more personalized genetic counselling.
Sujet(s)
Incapacités de développement/génétique , Déficience intellectuelle/génétique , Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/génétique , Retard mental lié à l'X/génétique , Protéine-2 de liaison au CpG méthylé/génétique , Adolescent , Adulte , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Chromosomes X humains/génétique , Hybridation génomique comparative , Incapacités de développement/anatomopathologie , Femelle , Études d'associations génétiques , Humains , Nourrisson , Déficience intellectuelle/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Retard mental lié à l'X/anatomopathologie , Hypotonie musculaire/génétique , Hypotonie musculaire/anatomopathologie , Pedigree , Médecine de précision , Jeune adulteRÉSUMÉ
LRBA deficiency was first described in 2012 as an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the LRBA gene (OMIM #614700). It was initially characterized as producing early-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, autoimmune manifestations, susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent infection. However, further reports expanded this phenotype (including patients without hypogammaglobulinemia) and described LRBA deficiency as a clinically variable syndrome with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. We present the case of a female patient who presented with type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, oral thrush, and enlarged liver and spleen at the age of 8 months. She later experienced recurrent bacterial and viral infections, including pneumococcal meningitis and Epstein Barr viremia. She underwent two consecutive stem cell transplants at the age of 8 and 9 years, and ultimately died. Samples from the patient and her parents were subjected to whole exome sequencing, which revealed a homozygous 1-bp insertion in exon 23 of the patient's LRBA gene, resulting in frameshift and premature stop codon. The patient's healthy mother was heterozygous for the mutation and her father tested wild-type. This finding suggested that either one copy of the paternal chromosome 4 bore a deletion including the LRBA locus, or the patient inherited two copies of the mutant maternal LRBA allele. The patient's sequencing data showed a 1-Mb loss of heterozygosity region in chromosome 4, including the LRBA gene. Comparative genomic hybridization array of the patient's and father's genomic DNA yielded normal findings, ruling out genomic copy number abnormalities. Here, we present the first case of LRBA deficiency due to a uniparental disomy (UPD). In contrast to classical Mendelian inheritance, UPD involves inheritance of 2 copies of a chromosomal region from only 1 parent. Specifically, our patient carried a small segmental isodisomy of maternal origin affecting 1 Mb of chromosome 4.
Sujet(s)
Protéines adaptatrices de la transduction du signal/déficit , Chromosomes humains de la paire 4 , Études d'associations génétiques , Prédisposition génétique à une maladie , Homozygote , Mutation , Disomie uniparentale , Hybridation génomique comparative , Études d'associations génétiques/méthodes , Humains , Leucocytes/immunologie , Leucocytes/métabolisme , Lymphocytes/immunologie , Lymphocytes/métabolisme ,RÉSUMÉ
In families at risk from monogenic diseases affected offspring, it is fundamental the development of a suitable Double Factor Preimplantation Genetic Testing (DF-PGT) method for both single-gene analysis and chromosome complement screening. Aneuploidy is not only a major issue in advanced-maternal-age patients and balanced translocation carriers, but also the aneuploidy rate is extremely high in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), even in young donors. To adequate NGS technology to the DF-PGT strategy four different whole genome amplification systems (Sureplex, MALBAC, and two multiple displacement amplification systems-MDA) were tested using TruSight One panel on cell lines and blastocyst trophectoderm biopsies-TE. Embryo cytogenetic status was analyzed by Nexus software. Sureplex and MALBAC DNA products were considered not suitable for PGT diagnosis due to inconsistent and poor results on Trusight one (TSO) panel. Results obtained with both MDA based methods (GEH-MDA and RG-MDA) were appropriate for direct mutation detection by TSO NGS platform. Nevertheless, RG-MDA amplification products showed better coverage and lower ADO rates than GEH-MDA. The present work also demonstrates that the same TSO sequencing data is suitable not only for the direct mutation detection, but also for the indirect mutation detection by linkage analysis of informative SNPs. The present work also demonstrates that Nexus software is competent for the detection of CNV by using with TSO sequencing data from RG-MDA products, allowing for the whole cytogenetic characterization of the embryos. In conclusion, successfully development of an innovative and promising DF-PGT strategy using TSO-NGS technology in TE biopsies, performed in-house in a single laboratory experience, has been done in the present work. Additional studies should be performed before it could be used as a diagnostic alternative in order to validate this approach for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidies.
Sujet(s)
Aneuploïdie , Analyse cytogénétique/méthodes , Maladies génétiques congénitales/diagnostic , Dépistage génétique/méthodes , Diagnostic préimplantatoire/méthodes , Blastocyste , Lignée cellulaire , Chromosomes/génétique , Transfert d'embryon/méthodes , Analyse statistique factorielle , Femelle , Fécondation in vitro/méthodes , Maladies génétiques congénitales/génétique , Maladies génétiques congénitales/prévention et contrôle , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit/méthodes , Humains , Grossesse , Logiciel , Séquençage du génome entierRÉSUMÉ
FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: La citogenética convencional detecta un 3-5% de los pacientes con retraso global del desarrollo/discapacidad intelectual y/o malformaciones congénitas. La amplificación de sondas múltiples dependientes de ligación permite incrementar la tasa diagnóstica entre 2,4-5,8%. Actualmente, los arrays de hibridación genómica comparada o aCGH son la herramienta diagnóstica con mayor rendimiento en estos pacientes, en malformaciones congénitas y trastornos del espectro autista. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar la eficiencia del uso del aCGH como técnica de primera línea diagnóstica en estas y otras indicaciones (epilepsia, talla baja). Pacientes y método: Se ha estudiado a 1.000 pacientes afectados por las patologías mencionadas mediante la técnica de aCGH. Resultados: Se detectaron desequilibrios de efecto patogénico en un 14% de los pacientes (140/1.000). Según el fenotipo, se diagnosticaron un 18,9% de los pacientes afectados de retraso global del desarrollo/discapacidad intelectual; un 13,7% de las malformaciones congénitas; un 9,76% de las patologías psiquiátricas, un 7,02% de los casos con epilepsia y un 13,3% de los pacientes con talla baja. Dentro de las malformaciones congénitas destacan las del sistema nervioso central con un 14,9% y las cardiopatías congénitas con un 10,6% de diagnósticos. En las patologías psiquiátricas destacan los pacientes con trastornos del espectro autista, con un 8,9% de diagnósticos. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados demuestran la efectividad y la eficiencia de la utilización del aCGH como test de primera línea en el diagnóstico genético de los pacientes con sospecha de desequilibrios genómicos. Todo ello avala su inclusión dentro del Sistema Nacional de Salud
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Conventional cytogenetics diagnoses 3-5% of patients with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability and/or multiple congenital anomalies. The Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification increases diagnostic rates from between 2.4 to 5.8%. Currently the comparative genomic hybridisation array or aCGH is the highest performing diagnostic tool in patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability, congenital anomalies and autism spectrum disorders. Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of the use of aCGH as first-line test in these and other indications (epilepsy, short stature). PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 1000 patients referred due to one or more of the abovementioned disorders were analysed by aCGH. RESULTS: Pathogenic genomic imbalances were detected in 14% of the cases, with a variable distribution of diagnosis according to the phenotypes: 18.9% of patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability; 13.7% of multiple congenital anomalies, 9.76% of psychiatric pathologies, 7.02% of patients with epilepsy, and 13.3% of patients with short stature. Within the multiple congenital anomalies, central nervous system abnormalities and congenital heart diseases accounted for 14.9% and 10.6% of diagnoses, respectively. Among the psychiatric disorders, patients with autism spectrum disorders accounted for 8.9% of the diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of aCGH as the first line test in genetic diagnosis of patients suspected of genomic imbalances, supporting its inclusion within the National Health System
Sujet(s)
Humains , Enfant , Hybridation génomique comparative/économie , Déficience intellectuelle/diagnostic , Déficience intellectuelle/économie , Incapacités de développement/diagnostic , Incapacités de développement/économie , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Déficience intellectuelle/génétique , Incapacités de développement/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
There is scarce literature about autoinflammation in syndromic patients. We describe a patient who, in addition to psychomotor and growth delay, presented with fevers, neutrophilic dermatosis, and recurrent orogenital ulcers. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) array permitted to identify a 13.13Mb deletion on chromosome 6, encompassing 53 genes, and including TNFAIP3 gene (A20). A20 is a potent inhibitor of the NF-kB signalling pathway and restricts inflammation via its deubiquitinase activity. Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assays showed decreased A20 expression and increased phosphorylation of p65 and IkBa. Patient's cells displayed increased levels of total K63-linked ubiquitin and increased levels of ubiquitinated RIP and NEMO after stimulation with TNF. We describe the molecular characterization of an autoinflammatory disease due to a large chromosomal deletion and review the phenotypes of patients with A20 haploinsufficiency. CGH arrays should be the first diagnostic method for comprehensive analysis of patients with syndromic features and immune dysregulation.
Sujet(s)
Délétion de segment de chromosome , Chromosomes humains de la paire 6 , Haploinsuffisance/génétique , Inflammation/étiologie , Protéine-3 induite par le facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/génétique , Cellules cultivées , Enfant , Hybridation génomique comparative , Humains , Mâle , Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B/physiologieRÉSUMÉ
The transcription factor SOX18 has been shown to play a role in the development of hair, blood and lymphatic vessels. Mutations in SOX18 result in hereditary lymphedema, with the unique clinical association of hypotrichosis and telangiectasia (HLTS). Some patients present with additional disease features which may be explained by the location of SOX18 mutation. We report a patient with hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome (HLTS) confirmed by detection of a novel mutation in the SOX18 gene. Few cases of HTLS have been reported in the literature. We reviewed all cases reported to date to delineate the clinical manifestations that allow us to prompt diagnosis of this syndrome for appropriate management and genetic counseling.
Sujet(s)
Hypotrichose/génétique , Lymphoedème/génétique , Facteurs de transcription SOX-F/génétique , Télangiectasie/génétique , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Humains , Hypotrichose/anatomopathologie , Lymphoedème/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Mutation , Syndrome , Télangiectasie/anatomopathologieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Conventional cytogenetics diagnoses 3-5% of patients with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability and/or multiple congenital anomalies. The Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification increases diagnostic rates from between 2.4 to 5.8%. Currently the comparative genomic hybridisation array or aCGH is the highest performing diagnostic tool in patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability, congenital anomalies and autism spectrum disorders. Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of the use of aCGH as first-line test in these and other indications (epilepsy, short stature). PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 1000 patients referred due to one or more of the abovementioned disorders were analysed by aCGH. RESULTS: Pathogenic genomic imbalances were detected in 14% of the cases, with a variable distribution of diagnosis according to the phenotypes: 18.9% of patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability; 13.7% of multiple congenital anomalies, 9.76% of psychiatric pathologies, 7.02% of patients with epilepsy, and 13.3% of patients with short stature. Within the multiple congenital anomalies, central nervous system abnormalities and congenital heart diseases accounted for 14.9% and 10.6% of diagnoses, respectively. Among the psychiatric disorders, patients with autism spectrum disorders accounted for 8.9% of the diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of aCGH as the first line test in genetic diagnosis of patients suspected of genomic imbalances, supporting its inclusion within the National Health System.
Sujet(s)
Hybridation génomique comparative/économie , Incapacités de développement/diagnostic , Incapacités de développement/économie , Déficience intellectuelle/diagnostic , Déficience intellectuelle/économie , Enfant , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Incapacités de développement/génétique , Humains , Déficience intellectuelle/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
No disponible
Sujet(s)
Femelle , Humains , Diagnostic prénatal/instrumentation , Diagnostic prénatal/méthodes , Diagnostic prénatal , Dépistage génétique/méthodes , Variations de nombre de copies de segment d'ADN/génétique , Variations de nombre de copies de segment d'ADN/physiologie , Analyse sur microréseau/classification , Analyse sur microréseau/méthodes , Analyse sur microréseau/normes , Caryotype , Caryotypage/méthodes , Caryotypage , Conseil génétique/méthodes , Conseil génétique/normes , Consentement libre et éclairé/normesRÉSUMÉ
Copy number variants (CNVs) of the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) 7q11.23 region are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders with multisystem involvement and variable expressivity. We found 2 patients with a deletion and 1 patient with a duplication in this region sharing a common breakpoint located between the LIMK1 and EIF4H(WBSCR1) genes. One patient had a WBS phenotype, although testing with a commercially available FISH assay was negative for the deletion. A further test using array CGH showed an atypical WBS region deletion. The second patient showed global developmental delay, speech delay and poor motor skills with a deletion outside the WBS region. The third patient had manifestations compatible with an autism spectrum disorder showing a duplication in the WBS region. Our findings point to the existence of a previously unrecognized recurrent breakpoint responsible for rearrangements in the WBS region. Given that most commercial FISH assays include probes flanking this novel breakpoint, further testing with array CGH should be performed in patients with WBS and negative FISH results.
Sujet(s)
Sites fragiles de chromosome , Syndrome de Williams/génétique , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Hybridation génomique comparative , Femelle , Humains , MâleRÉSUMÉ
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a powerful genetic tool that has enabled the identification of novel imbalances in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), autistic disorders and congenital malformations. Here we report a 'genotype first' approach using aCGH on 13 unrelated patients with 19p13.3 submicroscopic rearrangement (11 deletions and 2 duplications) and review cases in the literature and in public databases. Shared phenotypic features suggest that these patients represent an interstitial microdeletion/microduplication syndrome at 19p13.3. Common features consist of abnormal head circumference in most patients (macrocephaly with the deletions and microcephaly with the duplications), ID with developmental delay (DD), hypotonia, speech delay and common dysmorphic features. The phenotype is associated with at least a ~0.113 Mb critical region harboring three strong candidate genes probably associated with DD, ID, speech delay and other dysmorphic features: MAP2K2, ZBTB7A and PIAS4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in the ubiquitin signaling pathways, which we hypothesize for the first time to be associated with head size in humans.
Sujet(s)
Délétion de segment de chromosome , Duplication chromosomique , Chromosomes humains de la paire 19/génétique , Incapacités de développement/génétique , Mégalencéphalie/génétique , Microcéphalie/génétique , Inhibiteurs de STAT activés/génétique , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Protéines de liaison à l'ADN/génétique , Incapacités de développement/anatomopathologie , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , MAP Kinase Kinase 2/génétique , Mâle , Mégalencéphalie/anatomopathologie , Microcéphalie/anatomopathologie , Protéines liant le poly-adp-ribose , Syndrome , Facteurs de transcription/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
No disponible
Sujet(s)
Humains , Aneuploïdie , Analyse de mutations d'ADN/méthodes , Grossesse à haut risque , Maladies foetales/génétique , Facteurs de risqueRÉSUMÉ
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) originating from chromosome 10 are rare and usually found in mosaic form. We present a de novo apparently non-mosaic sSMC(10) prenatally diagnosed in amniotic fluid and postnatally confirmed in peripheral blood. Characterization by array-CGH showed a pericentromeric duplication of 7.1 Mb of chromosome 10. The fetus did not show ultrasound abnormalities, and a normal female phenotype was observed during a 3-year postnatal follow-up. The absence of phenotypic abnormalities in the present case provides evidence of a non-critical pericentromeric region in 10p11.21q11.1 (hg19 35,355,570-42,448,569) associated with a duplication.
Sujet(s)
Duplication chromosomique , Chromosomes humains de la paire 10 , Adulte , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Hybridation génomique comparative , Femelle , Études de suivi , Humains , Caryotypage , Grossesse , Diagnostic prénatalRÉSUMÉ
Very few cases of constitutional interstitial deletions of the proximal short arm of chromosome 3 have been reported; however, the proximal 3p deletion is emerging as a clinically recognizable syndrome. We present an intrachromosomal insertion of 3p12.3p14.1 in a phenotypic normal man (46,XY,ins(3)(p25p12.3p14.1)) which is responsible for the unbalanced karyotype in 2 affected offspring, one with a 3p12.3p14.1 interstitial deletion and the other with a reciprocal duplication. The exceptionality of these 2 reciprocal recombinants contributes to a better definition of the proximal 3p deletion syndrome and its duplication counterpart.