RÉSUMÉ
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to increase of insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue production of adipocytokines. 6-gingerol is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 6-gingerol on high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced weight gain and IR in rats through modulation of adipocytokines. To induce MetS, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a HFHF diet for 16 weeks and at Week 8, single-dose low-dose streptozotocin (22 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected. After 8 weeks of HFHF diet feeding, the rats were treated orally with 6-gingerol (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) once daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, all animals were terminated, serum, liver, and visceral adipose tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis including the measurements of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and liver and adipose tissue histopathology. Biochemical parameters namely serum total cholesterol (243.7 ± 127.6 vs 72.6 ± 3 mg/dL), triglycerides (469.2 ± 164.9 vs 49.3 ± 6.3 mg/dL), fasting plasma glucose (334 ± 49.5 vs 121 ± 8.5 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (0.70 ± 0.24 vs 0.32 ± 0.06), and leptin (6.19 ± 1.24 vs 3.45 ± 0.33 ng/mL) were significantly enhanced, whereas HDL-cholesterol (26.2 ± 5.2 vs 27.9 ± 1.1 mg/dL) and adiponectin level (14.4 ± 5.5 vs 52.8 ± 10.7 ng/mL) were lowered in MetS vs normal control. Moreover, MetS were marked a significant increase in body weight and proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment with 6-gingerol dose-dependently restored all of those alterations towards normal values as well as the accumulation of lipid in liver and adipose tissues. These findings demonstrate that 6-gingerol, in a dose-dependent mode, showed capability of improving weight gain and IR in MetS rats through modulation of adipocytokines.
RÉSUMÉ
Background and Aim: Chronic hyperglycemia in prediabetic individuals would progress to diabetes and lead to several systemic disruptions, including hematological parameters. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between prediabetes and hematological indices in a prediabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were randomly divided into two groups of nine. Prediabetes was induced in nine rats by a 3-week high-fat and high-glucose diet, followed by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection (30 mg/kg body weight). The oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels were measured 72 h after STZ administration. The control group of nine rats was given standard diets. At the end of the 3rd week, the animals fasted overnight before blood collection. Blood samples were drawn and used for the analysis of the FBG and fasting insulin levels and glycated albumin to define prediabetes criteria before hematology analysis. Results: We found a significant increase in the FBG and insulin levels in the prediabetic versus the control group. There were decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels and red cell distribution in prediabetic rats versus the control. At the same time, a significant increase in the platelet count was observed in the prediabetic group. There was a positive correlation between FBG and lymphocytes and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in prediabetic rats. On the other hand, we found a negative correlation between white blood cell count and glycated albumin. Conclusion: Correlations were found in several hematological parameters in the prediabetic rat models. The changes in hematological indices in prediabetic rats may be further used as a valuable indicator of glycemic control.
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to skin disorders, particularly dry skin. Pathogenesis of dry skin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rises from the chronic hyperglycemia causing an increase in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Combination of oral and topical Centella asiatica (CA) is expected to treat dry skin in T2DM patients more effectively through decreasing N(6)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. METHODS: A three-arm prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the oral and topical CA extract in 159 T2DM patients with dry skin. The subjects were divided into the CA oral (CAo) 2 × 1.100 mg + CA topical (CAt) 1% ointment group, oral placebo (Plo) + CAt group, and Plo and topical placebo (Plt) group. Dry skin assessment was performed on day 1, 15, and 29, while evaluation of CML, IL-1α, and SOD activity was on day 1 and 29. RESULT: Effectivity of CAo + CAt combination was assessed based on HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG). In well-controlled blood glucose, on day 29, the percentage of SRRC decrement was greater in the CAo + CAt group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). SCap value in the CAo + CAt group was greater than that in the control group (p = 0.01). In the partially controlled blood glucose, increment of SOD activity in the CAo + CAt group was greater than that in the control group (p = 0.01). There were medium-to-strong correlation between CML with SOD (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) and IL-1α with SOD (r = 0.70, p < 0.05) in well-controlled blood glucose. Systemic and topical adverse events were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: CAo and CAt combination can be used to significantly improve dry skin condition through increasing SOD activity in T2DM patients with controlled blood glucose.