Reinforced radiculoplasty for the treatment of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts: A clinical analysis of 71 cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of reinforced radiculoplasty in the treatment of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts (TCs).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up data of 71 patients with symptomatic sacral TCs who underwent reinforced radiculoplasty in the Neurosurgery Department of Peking University Third Hospital from June 2018 to March 2021. All the operations were performed under neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Intraoperative cyst exploration, partial resection of the cyst wall, narrowing of the leak, nerve root sleeve radiculoplasty and artificial dural reinforcement were performed. The incidence of postoperative complications and new neurological dysfunction was analyzed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the changes of pain before and after surgery. The Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) low back pain score was used to evaluate the changes in nerve function before and after surgery.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 71 patients had 101 TCs, 19 (18.8%) TCs originated from the left S1 nerve, 26 (25.7%) originated from the left S2 nerve, 3 (3.0%) originated from the left S3 nerve, 14 (13.9%) originated from the right S1 nerve, 33 (32.7%) originated from the right S2 nerve, 6 (5.9%) originated from the right S3 nerve, all the TCs underwent reinforced radiculoplasty. Deep infection (1 case), subcutaneous effusion (1 case), fat li-quefaction (1 case) and urinary tract infection (4 cases) were recorded postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 12-43 months (median, 26 months). Two cases had new urinary retention after operation, and the catheter was removed at the end of the first and second months respectively. One case had new fecal weakness, which improved after 3 months. Compared with preoperation, VAS decreased significantly at the last follow-up [median, 6 (4-9) vs. 1 (0-5), Z=-7.272, P < 0.001], JOA score increased significantly [median, 20 (16-25) vs. 27 (18-29), Z=-7.265, P < 0.001]. There were 18 cured cases (25.4%), 41 excellent cases (57.7%), 8 effective cases (11.3%), and 4 invalid cases (5.6%). The total efficiency was 94.4% (67/71). Two (1.98%) cysts recurred.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with symptomatic sacral TCs, reinforced radiculoplasty can significantly improve the pain and nerve function, which is safe and reliable.

Expression of high-mobility group B1 released by exosome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder and regulated by TLR4 signal / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the release of enterogenic and hepatogenic high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)through exosomes and its regulatory pathway.Methods We used wild-type(WT)and ASC-/-mice for this study.We randomly selected five mice per group from each strain and fed them either a normal diet(ND)or a high-fat diet(HFD)for eight weeks.The control group consisted of WT mice fed with the normal diet;the HFD group were WT mice with the HFD;the microflora disturbance(MD)group were ASC-/-mice fed with the normal diet;the high-lipid microflora disturbance(HLMD)group were ASC-/-mice with HFD.We used confocal microscopy to detect the co-localization of liver and intestinal exosome markers with HMGB1.We then measured the expression level of HMGB1 content in exosomes by Western blotting and PCR.The AML12 cells were treated with palmitic acid(PA)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for 24 h to build an in vitro model.We also detected HMGB1/CD63 levels using Western blotting.To understand the regulatory mechanism of exosome release,we employed siRNA intervention.Results The secretion of exosomes increased significantly in HFD group compared with control group[(3.5±0.2)ng/ml vs.(1.1±0.3)ng/ml,P<0.05],HLMD group compared with those in MD group[(3.2±0.2)ng/ml vs.(1.9±0.4)ng/ml,P<0.05].Using immunofluorescence detection,we observed increased co-localization of exosome markers(ALP or VPS16)with HMGB1 in HFD group compared with control group.We also observed this in AML12 cells treated with PA and LPS compared with blank control.The PCR data showed that HMGB1 in hepatocyte exosomes was higher in HFD group compared with control group(41.5±10.2 vs.1.3±0.3,P<0.05),HLMD group was significantly higher than that in MD group(48.6±7.2 vs.1.5±0.5,P<0.05).TLR4 expression was higher in HFD group compared with control group(13.8±6.2 vs.2.8±0.9,P<0.05),HLMD group compared with MD group(22.6±4.1 vs.2.5±1.5,P<0.05).In intestinal mucosal cells,the co-location of HMGB1 and exosome marker CD63 was significantly higher in HFD group compared with control group(0.6±0.2 vs.0.4±0.1,P<0.05),and HLMD group compared with MD group(0.9±0.2 vs.0.5±0.1,P<0.05).In vitro,the HMGB1 of exosomes was increased in endotoxin group(5.1±0.8)and high lipid endotoxin group(5.5±0.7)compared with control group(3.8±0.6,P<0.05).On the other hand,the HMGB1 of exosomes in the cell siRNA intervention group was not increased compared with control group(3.7±0.6 vs.3.8±0.6,P>0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 is released by exosomes in hepatocytes and intestinal cells,and regulated by Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)under a high-fat diet and intestinal flora disorder,which may be one of the contributing factors in promoting the development of steatohepatitis.

Microglial Depletion does not Affect the Laterality of Mechanical Allodynia in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Mechanical allodynia (MA), including punctate and dynamic forms, is a common and debilitating symptom suffered by millions of chronic pain patients. Some peripheral injuries result in the development of bilateral MA, while most injuries usually led to unilateral MA. To date, the control of such laterality remains poorly understood. Here, to study the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality, we used genetic strategies to deplete microglia and tested both dynamic and punctate forms of MA in mice. Surprisingly, the depletion of central microglia did not prevent the induction of bilateral dynamic and punctate MA. Moreover, in dorsal root ganglion-dorsal root-sagittal spinal cord slice preparations we recorded the low-threshold Aβ-fiber stimulation-evoked inputs and outputs of superficial dorsal horn neurons. Consistent with behavioral results, microglial depletion did not prevent the opening of bilateral gates for Aβ pathways in the superficial dorsal horn. This study challenges the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality in mice. Future studies are needed to further understand whether the role of microglia in the control of MA laterality is etiology-or species-specific.

Effect of porous zirconia ceramics on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of porous surface morphology of zirconia on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.@*METHODS@#According to different manufacturing and pore-forming methods, the zirconia specimens were divided into 4 groups, including milled sintering group (M-Ctrl), milled porous group (M-Porous), 3D printed sintering group (3D-Ctrl) and 3D printed porous group (3D-Porous). The surface micromorphology, surface roughness, contact angle and surface elements of specimens in each group were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), 3D laser microscope, contact angle measuring device and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on 4 groups of zirconia discs. The cell morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells on zirconia discs was eva-luated on 1 and 7 days by SEM. The cell proliferation was detected on 1, 3 and 5 days by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). After osteogenic induction for 14 days, the relative mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type Ⅰ collagen (Colla1), Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) in MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#The pore size [(419.72±6.99) μm] and pore depth [(560.38±8.55) μm] of 3D-Porous group were significantly larger than the pore size [(300.55±155.65) μm] and pore depth [(69.97±31.38) μm] of M-Porous group (P < 0.05). The surface of 3D-Porous group appeared with more regular round pores than that of M-Porous group. The contact angles of all the groups were less than 90°. The contact angles of 3D-Ctrl (73.83°±5.34°) and M-Porous group (72.7°±2.72°) were the largest, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Cells adhered inside the pores in M-Porous and 3D-Porous groups, and the proliferation activities of them were significantly higher than those of M-Ctrl and 3D-Ctrl groups after 3 and 5 days' culture (P < 0.05). After 14 days' incubation, ALP, Colla1, Runx2 and OCN mRNA expression in 3D-Porous groups were significantly lower than those of M-Ctrl and 3D-Ctrl groups (P < 0.05). Colla1, Runx2 and OCN mRNA expressions in M-Porous group were higher than those of 3D-Porous group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The porous surface morphology of zirconia can promote the proliferation and adhesion but inhibit the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Effect of long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript on hypoxia-reoxygenation rat astrocyte injury by targeting microRNA-761 / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEATl) on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) glial astrocyte injury, and to explore whether the mechanism was related to the regulation of micro RNA (miR)-761. Methods Rat cortical astrocytes were cultured to construct a H/R injury model. Astrocytes were divided into control group, model group, model+ small interfering RNA negative control (si-NC) group, model+ si-NEATl group, model+ miR-NC group, model + miR-761 group, model + si-NEATl + anti-miR-NC group, model+si-NEATl+anti-miR-761 group. Expression of NEATl and miR-761 were detected by Real-time PCR. The experiment was repeated 3 times. The content of malonaldefryde (MDA), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by kits. Dual luciferase reporter experiment and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the targeting relationship between NEATl and miR-761. The experiment was repeated 3 times. Results Compared with the control group, the cell apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model group increased significantly, SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly, NEATl expression increased significantly, and miR-761 expression decreased significantly (P< 0. 05). Compared with the model+si-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model+si-NEATl group reduced significantly, and SOD and CAT activities increased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . Compared with the model + miR-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model + miR-761 group reduced significantly, and SOD and CAT activities increased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . MiR-761 was the target gene of N E A T l, and NEATl negatively regulated miR-761 expression. Compared with the model+si-NEATl+anti-miR-NC group, the apoptosis rate and MDA content of the model+siNEAT1+anti-miR-761 group increased significantly, and SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly (P < 0 . 0 5) . Conclusion Interference with NEATl expression can protect astrocytes from H / R injury by up-regulating miR-761.

Study on the correlation of spinal mechanics imbalance and thoraco-dorsal pain in ankylosing spondylitis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of spinal mechanical imbalance and thoraco-dorsal pain of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with AS were collected. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of thoracodorsal pain: the AS with thoraco-dorsal pain group (30 cases) and the AS without thoraco-dorsal pain group (60 cases). Clinical symptoms, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis measurement index (BASMI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity (ASDAS), and spinal mechanical function and nuclear myocardial force test were compared using t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results ① There were differences between thoraco-dorsal pain group and patients without thoracodorsal pain group at the time of back muscle strength [(0.82±0.41) min vs (1.33±0.74) min, F=12.372, P=0.001]; ②Thoraco-dorsal pain in the AS group was mainly the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae, such as the inflammation of rib head and rib transverse process, facial arthritis, and spinous ligaments, etc. And the missed diagnosis rate of magnetic resonance imagin (MRI) was high. ③ In healthy control group, the anterior flexion strength of thoracodorsal pain group was signific-antly different from that of patients without thoracodorsal pain [(92.1 ±46.3) Nm vs (126.6±35.7) Nm, F=6.440, P=0.002]. ④ There was significant difference in spinal strength as well as left and right rotation strength between the thoracodorsal pain group and patients without thoracodorsal pain [(1.18 ±0.22) vs (1.05 ±0.17), F=10.044, P<0.01];⑤In the thoraco-dorsal pain group, the right/left index was related to BASDAI (r=-0.522, P=0.004). For spinal mobility, the right/left index was related to cross cutting faces to right ( r=0.435, P=0.021), cross cutting faces to left (r=0.528, P=0.004). In spinal strength, the right/left index was related to left turn (r=0.57, P=0.001); right lateral flexion (r=0.368, P=0.049) and left lateral flexion (r=0.369, P=0.049). Conclusion The thoracodorsal pain of AS is dominated by the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae, and the missed diagnosis rate of MRI is high. The imbalance of the left and right side of the spine is one of the factors of the thoracic back pain in AS.

Genetic Polymorphism of Y Chromosome Haplogroup D-M174 in East Asian Populations / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the genetic polymorphism of Y chromosome D-M174 haplogroup and sub-haplogroups in East Asia. Methods The samples of 1 426 unrelated male individuals from East Asia were collected, and then 7 Y chromosome haplogroup D-M174 and the Y-SNP of its sub-haplogroups were detected with mini-sequencing. The 22 Y-STR genotypes were detected with DNA Typer™ Y26 kit. The haplogroup was analyzed using direct counting method, heatmap, phylogenetic cluster and network graph cluster, and then distribution of genetic polymorphism and the clustering relation between populations and samples of Y chromosome D haplogroup were discussed. Results Haplogroup D-M174 were distributed mostly among Tibetans （40.96%）and Japanese （35.71%）, while less or none were distributed among the surrounding areas of Tibet and other areas. Conclusion The geographical distribution of Y chromosome D-M174 haplogroup in East Asian populations has significant characteristics.

Network Analysis of Y-STR in Six Ethnic Populations in Guangxi and Its Forensic Significances / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the distribution of genetic structure of Y-SNP and Y-STR genetic markers in different ethnic groups and its application in forensic science. Methods SNaPshot minisequencing was used to detect the polymorphisms of 12 Y-SNP loci in 439 males from 6 ethnic groups, including Guangxi Han, Guangxi Jing, Guangxi Miao, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong. DNATyperTM Y26 kit was used to multiplex-amplify 26 Y-STR loci. The PCR products were analyzed by 3130xl genetic analyzer. The network analysis of Y-STR haplotype under the same Y-SNP haplogroup was analyzed by Network 5.0 software. Results Six haplogroups defined by 12 Y-SNP loci were detected in 6 ethnic groups, and 362 haplotypes were detected in 26 Y-STR loci. The haplotype diversity was 0.996 6. In the C haplogroup, the samples from Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Zhuang and Guangxi Dong were clustered on different branches; in the O1 haplogroup, those from Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Jing were relatively independent and clustered separately; in the O2 haplogroup, some samples from Guangxi Miao and Guangxi Yao were gathered in a cluster. Conclusion Based on the Y-STR network analysis of samples with identical haplogroup of Y-SNP, some ethnic groups can be preliminarily distinguished, which could be used to infer male suspects' ethnic group through detecting their genetic markers left in the crime scene.

Hormetic Effects of Yttrium on Male Sprague-Dawley Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

To evaluate hormesis induced by Yttrium (Y) nitrate in male rats, Y was offered to F0 mother rats and F1 offspring at concentrations of 0, 20, 80, and 320 ppm daily from gestational day (GD) 0 through postnatal day 70 (PND 70). The F1 offspring were evaluated with respect to motor function, learning and memory, and histopathology. Administration of Y improved motor function in a dose dependent manner. In the 20 ppm group, body weight and spatial learning and memory were increased, while the latter was decreased in the 320 ppm group. Additionally, in the 20 ppm and 80 ppm, but not the 320 ppm groups, Y reduced the anogenital distance, which indicated an anti-androgen effect. These results suggest that Y follows a hormetic concentration-related trend with an inverted U-shape.

Effect of salvianolic acid A on retinopathy and its mechanism in ZDF rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the intervention effect of salvianolic acid A ( SAA) on retinopathy of Zucker diabetic fatty ( ZDF ) rats and explore the possible action mechanism of SAA to prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy ( DR) . Methods Thirty-two 7-8-week old ZDF rats were taken and fed with Purina rat chow for 4 weeks. The ZDF rats were equally divided by the blood glucose into model group, 0. 5 mg/kg SAA group, 1. 0 mg/kg SAA group and metformin ( Met) group. 8 Zucker lean ( ZL) rats were taken as control group. After 12-week administration, incidence of cataracts and retinal pathology was observed, and levels of GLU, TC and HbA1c in blood, transferrin ( TRF) and retinol binding protein ( RBP) in urine and levels of interleukin-1 ( IL-1 ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , oxidized low density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoprotein related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity in serum were measured. Results In the model group, GLU, TC, HbA1c , diabetic cataract incidence rate, retinal basement thickening and microangiopathy appeared in most of the rats. The levels of TRF and RBP in urine and levels of IL-1, IL-6, ox-LDL, MDA in serum were significantly increased, and Lp-PLA2 activity was also significantly increased. After SAA administration, the morbidity rate of cataract was reduced, and retinal pathological changes were improved in different degrees. The levels of TRF, RBP, IL-1, IL-6, ox-LDL, MDA and Lp-PLA2 activity was decreased. Conclusions SAA can slow down the process of diabetic retinopathy in ZDF rats and reduce the incidence of cataract. The mechanisms of action may be related to inhibition of chronic inflammation, prevention of lipid peroxidation and reduction of Lp-PLA2 activity.

The study of Tibetan ancestry informative SNPs on high-altitude adaptive genes / 中国法医学杂志

Objective Selecting Tibetan ancestry informative SNPs base on high-altitude adaptation genes of Tibetan. Methods We developed a multiplex assay constituted of 87 SNPs located on EPAS1 and EGLN1 genes based on Agena Mas-sARRAY? genotyping system. 183 samples from Tibet plateau were genotyped. The genotypes of 2504 samples from 26 populations were downloaded from the 1000 genomes. Genetic frequency and population structure were analyzed and compared between Tibetan population and worldwide populations. Results SNPs that have distinctive distribution between Tibetan and other populations could be used as Tibetan AISNPs (Ancestry informative SNPs). We selected 23 SNPs has a separated principal genetic component in STRUCTURE result. Conclusion These 23 AISNPs we selected could be combined into ancestry informative SNP panels to improve the resolution of ancestry inference in East Asian, and provide clues for cases of biological material ancestry inference.

Effect of salvianolic acid A on retinopathy and its mechanism in ZDF rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the intervention effect of salvianolic acid A ( SAA) on retinopathy of Zucker diabetic fatty ( ZDF ) rats and explore the possible action mechanism of SAA to prevent and treat diabetic retinopathy ( DR) . Methods Thirty-two 7-8-week old ZDF rats were taken and fed with Purina rat chow for 4 weeks. The ZDF rats were equally divided by the blood glucose into model group, 0. 5 mg/kg SAA group, 1. 0 mg/kg SAA group and metformin ( Met) group. 8 Zucker lean ( ZL) rats were taken as control group. After 12-week administration, incidence of cataracts and retinal pathology was observed, and levels of GLU, TC and HbA1c in blood, transferrin ( TRF) and retinol binding protein ( RBP) in urine and levels of interleukin-1 ( IL-1 ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , oxidized low density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoprotein related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity in serum were measured. Results In the model group, GLU, TC, HbA1c , diabetic cataract incidence rate, retinal basement thickening and microangiopathy appeared in most of the rats. The levels of TRF and RBP in urine and levels of IL-1, IL-6, ox-LDL, MDA in serum were significantly increased, and Lp-PLA2 activity was also significantly increased. After SAA administration, the morbidity rate of cataract was reduced, and retinal pathological changes were improved in different degrees. The levels of TRF, RBP, IL-1, IL-6, ox-LDL, MDA and Lp-PLA2 activity was decreased. Conclusions SAA can slow down the process of diabetic retinopathy in ZDF rats and reduce the incidence of cataract. The mechanisms of action may be related to inhibition of chronic inflammation, prevention of lipid peroxidation and reduction of Lp-PLA2 activity.

Review on the secondary metabolites from Xestospongia sponges and their bioactivities / 药学学报

The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.

Comparison of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for portal hypertension: a meta-analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) vs. open surgery (OS) for portal hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Relevant literature was retrieved from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Journal Full Text Database, Chinese Vip Datebase, and Chinese Wanfang. All the relevant trials were collected and then we performed the literature screening. The quality of the included trials was assessed by Cochrane Systematic Review Handbook 5.1. Meta-analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.1 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight studies were involved and 435 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that there was significant difference in intraoperative blood loss [MD = -140.95, 95% CI = (-233.58--48.32), P=0.003], total abdominal drainage volume [MD = -544.32, 95% CI= (-789.97--298.67), P<0.0001], postoperative exhaust time [MD = -28.30, 95% CI= (-41.90--14.69), P<0.0001], length of postoperative hospital stay [MD =-3.61, 95% CI= (-4.16--3.07), P<0.00001], postoperative complication [OR=0.35, 95% CI= (0.15-0.82), P=0.02] between HALS group and OS group. However, the operative time was not significantly different between these two groups [MD = -7.44, 95% CI = (-36.00 -21.12), P=0.61].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with the traditional OS, HALS can reduce intraoperative bleeding, postoperative exhaust time, hospitalization time, surgical trauma, and postoperative complications.The patients often recover more quickly from the HALS. However, its long-term effictiveness and safety still needs to be further verified by randomized controlled trials.</p>

Effect of iptkalim on myocardial enzymes and free radicals metabolism with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of iptkalim on myocardial enzymes and free radicals metabolism with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), in order to provide evidence for the mechanism of iptkalim on clinical treat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>110 young men stayed at high altitude above 5 000 m were divided into iptkalim group (n = 74) and placebo group (n = 36), aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide(NO) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) were detected before and after took medicines for 6 mouths.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After took medication for 6 mouths, ALT, AST, gamma-GT, CK and LDH were reduced, SOD, NO, and NOS were increased, MDA were reduced, there were very significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oxygen free radicals have taken part in the process of HPH, iptkalim have the effect of anti-peroxidation of lipid and protect myocardial cells stress injured by hypoxia which related with mitochondrial membrane and cell membrane's K(ATP) channel activation.</p>

Analgesic effect of Corydalis yanhusuo in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the analgesic effect of Corydalis yanhusuo on trigeminal neuropathic pain.in a rat model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rat model of trigeminal neuralgia pain were established by inducing chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION). The effect of Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the pain was tested. Western blotting was performed to investigate the change of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the Vc the injury of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION-CCI). CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 was applied to observe its effect on the analgesic effect of Yanhusuo.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Administration of dl-THP (2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally increased the response threshold and the cut-off threshold to the mechanical stimulation in ION-CCI rat models. ION-CCI induced an upregulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors within the ipsilateral of Vc. The effect of Yanhusuo was antagonized by the application of AM 251.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The analgesic effect of Yanhusuo involves the participation of CB1 receptors, suggesting that Yanhusuo may offer a useful therapeutic approach for trigeminal neuropathic pain.</p>

Investigation of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on anoxic resistance and anti-weariness at high altitude / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the influence of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning on anoxic resistance and anti-weariness at high altitude.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) SOD, MDA, NO, NOS, BLA and BUN of 20 youths living at 3 700 m altitude for half year were tested, then they were divided into group A (n=10, received HBO pretreatment twice) and group B (n=10, received HBO pretreatment 5 times) randomly. They were asked to pedal the EMG-bicycle-ergometer at the second and eighth day, and then the same items were tested. (2) 29 youth who would go to Astronomical Spot (5200 m) were randomly divided into group HBO (n=11, received HBO pretreatment once per day for 2 days at Yecheng (1400 m)) and comparison group (n=10). When they reached I Astronomical Spot, thematic biochemical index were investigated. (3) When 20 youth reached Thirty Milepost Barracks (3700 m) at the second day in their way to Immortal Gulf (5380 m) from Yecheng were randomly divided into group HBO (n=10, received HBO pretreatment once per day for 3 days) and comparison group (n=10). When they reached Immortal Gulf, the thematic biochemical index were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) SOD, NO, NOS were increased and BLA, BUN, MDA were decrease in group A compared with that in group B until the eighth day, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). (2) SOD, NO, NOS were increased and BLA, BUN, MDA were decrease in group HBO compared with that in comparison that in group, there was significant difference between groups (P < 0.01, or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HBO could enhance the activity of anti-oxidase and the cleared ability of lactic acid, and the effect of anti-weariness could last for 8 days.</p>

The anti-tumor activity of GM-CSF-modified lung cancer cell vaccine and its synergism in combination with chemotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of tumor vaccines and whether chemotherapeutic agents administered prior to immunotherapy could augment the efficacy of the vaccines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C57/BL mice inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells were used as tumor models. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene modified LA795 and Lewis lung cancer cell lines were administered as allogeneic and autologous tumor vaccines, respectively. After Lewis cells (1 x 10(7)) inoculation, the mice received irradiated GM-CSF secreting cancer vaccine solely or in combination with carboplatin. The survival of the mice was observed. The cytotoxicity of spleen cells or purified CD8(+) cells was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Serum level of IL-4 and IFN-gamma was detected using ELISA method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cytotoxicity of the spleen cells or purified CD8(+) T cells against Lewis cells in the mice immunized with cancer cell vaccine was significantly increased, relative to that of the control, untreated group (P < 0.05). Serum level of Th1-type cytokine IFN-gamma was increased after vaccination, whereas Th2-type cytokine IL-4 showed no significant change. The GM-CSF secreting cancer cell vaccine had no significant influence on the survival of the mice with established heavy tumor burden. The combination of chemotherapy and cancer vaccine could statistically prolong the survival time; whereas any method itself had no significant effect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The GM-CSF secreting cancer cell vaccine can induce immune responses. The chemotherapeutic agents may be beneficial to enhance the anti-tumor activity of cancer vaccine.</p>

Effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid preconditioning and postconditioning on Ca(2+)- handling proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) preconditioning and postconditioning on Ca(2+)-handling proteins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and reveal the effects and mechanism of 11, 12-EET on cardioprotection. METHODS The IR injury model was built by stopping perfusion for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. The isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were divided into 4 groups: control group, IR group, EET preconditioning (Pre-EET) group and EET postconditioning (Post-EET) group. The computer-based electrophysiological recorder system was used to measure the changes of the maximal rate of pressure increased in the contraction phase (+dp/dt(max)), the maximal rate of pressure decreased in the diastole phase (-dp/dt(max)), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the difference of left ventricular pressure (delta LVP). The activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum was measured with colorimetric method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the gene expression of C(a2+)-handling protein [sarcoplasic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR,), and 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 (IP3 R2) ] mRNAs level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with IR group, the myocardial functions, the value of Ca(2+)-ATPase, and the expressions of IP3 R2 mRNA were significantly increased and the expression of PLB mRNA was significantly decreased in both Pre-EET group and Post-EET group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). And the expression of SERCA mRNA was significantly increased in Pre-EET group (P < 0. 05). However, no significant differences were detected between Pre-EET and Post-EET groups. Moreover, the expression of RyR2 mRNA was not significantly different among all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>11, 12-EET preconditioning and post-conditioning can protect myocardium from IR injury by elevating the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum, up-regulating the expression of IP3 R2 mRNA, and down-regulating the expression of PLB mRNA. Moreover, up-regulating the expression of SERCA mRNA maybe one of mechanisms of 11, 12-EET preconditioning on cardio protection against IR injury.</p>

Analysis on occult micrometastasis in levels III - IV of cN0 neck in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the frequency of micrometastasis in levels lII - IV of clinical negative neck (cN0) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral tongue, and to discuss the management of cervical lymph node for cN0 tongue SCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 471 cervical lymph nodes derived from 25 patients with cN0 tongue SCC, including 263 lymph nodes in level III and 208 lymph nodes in level IV, were included in this study. All lymph nodes were re-examined by anti-cytokeratin (CK) immunohistochemical staining combined with semi-serial section per 500 microm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 25 cases, seven patients were confirmed harboring metastasis in 11 lymph nodes of level III, and no positive lymph node in level IV was detected by routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. 11 positive lymph nodes in level IIl, which confirmed by HE staining, were also detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK combined with semiserial section. Among the 460 cervical lymph nodes in which HE staining did not show metastasis, only one lymph node in level III harboring a 2.0 mm x 1.5 mm micrometastasis was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK, and no positive lymph node in level IV was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The frequency of occult metastasis in level IV was very low, so it seemed unnecessary to dissect level IV for all patients with cN0 tongue SCC.</p>