Correlations between childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk behaviors in adolescent schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood maltreatment is extremely harmful to health, especially in relation to development of the psychiatric disorders throughout life. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and types of maltreatment in a sample of adolescent schoolchildren and to investigate associations between maltreatment types and anxiety and depressive symptoms, sociodemographic variables, and risk behaviors. The study also identified which variables were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 654 school students aged 11 to 17 years. We collected sociodemographic data and administered the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to evaluate maltreatment and adverse experiences such as abuse and negligence during childhood and adolescence. Statistical analyses were conducted to estimate correlations between sociodemographic data, anxiety, depression, and types of maltreatment. A regression analysis was also conducted to identify maltreatment types that predict psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the most prevalent types of maltreatment. Statistically, emotional abuse was the maltreatment type most strongly correlated with depression and anxiety and tended to co-occur with other types of maltreatment. Additionally, emotional and sexual abuse were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depression in adolescents. CONCLUSION: The above results reinforce the findings of previous studies in terms of understanding the effects of maltreatment. They identify emotional abuse as the main predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Correlations between childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk behaviors in adolescent schoolchildren

Abstract Objective Childhood maltreatment is extremely harmful to health, especially in relation to development of the psychiatric disorders throughout life. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and types of maltreatment in a sample of adolescent schoolchildren and to investigate associations between maltreatment types and anxiety and depressive symptoms, sociodemographic variables, and risk behaviors. The study also identified which variables were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 654 school students aged 11 to 17 years. We collected sociodemographic data and administered the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to evaluate maltreatment and adverse experiences such as abuse and negligence during childhood and adolescence. Statistical analyses were conducted to estimate correlations between sociodemographic data, anxiety, depression, and types of maltreatment. A regression analysis was also conducted to identify maltreatment types that predict psychological symptoms. Results Emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the most prevalent types of maltreatment. Statistically, emotional abuse was the maltreatment type most strongly correlated with depression and anxiety and tended to co-occur with other types of maltreatment. Additionally, emotional and sexual abuse were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Conclusion The above results reinforce the findings of previous studies in terms of understanding the effects of maltreatment. They identify emotional abuse as the main predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Conciliação medicamentosa na admissão de pacientes transplantados renais em um hospital universitário / Medication reconciliation in the admission of kidney transplant patients to a university hospital

Introdução:O presente estudo considerou conciliações medicamentosas realizadas na admissão hospitalar de pacientes transplantados renais e intervenções farmacêuticas decorrentes desse processo.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2019 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foram coletadas as características dos pacientes, as conciliações medicamentosas realizadas pelo farmacêutico clínico, as discrepâncias identificadas pelo mesmo (intencionais e não intencionais) e o resultado das intervenções. Os medicamentos foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC).Resultados:Dos 719 pacientes acompanhados pelo farmacêutico clínico, 175 tiveram a conciliação medicamentosa de admissão realizada, desses, 56 apresentaram discrepâncias não intencionais. Encontramos a média de 2,2 medicamentos omissos por prescrição com desvio padrão de 1,3 medicamentos. No total, foram realizadas 122 intervenções farmacêuticas, sendo que em 61,5% houve adesão por parte da equipe médica. A classe terapêutica com maior ocorrência (43,4%) de discrepâncias não intencionais foi a que atuava sobre o aparelho cardiovascular. As variáveis observadas foram sexo, número de medicamentos nas intervenções (ambas com associação significativa com a adesão médica), idade, tempo de internação, número de medicamentos na internação e número de medicamentos de uso prévio (estas últimas sem associação significativa com a adesão médica). Conclusões:A conciliação medicamentosa previne possíveis erros de medicação, uma vez que a identificação das discrepâncias não intencionais na prescrição médica gera sinalizações que são levadas pelo farmacêutico clínico à equipe assistente, a fim garantir o uso seguro e correto dos medicamentos durante a internação hospitalar.

Introduction:This study considered medication reconciliations performed on hospital admission of kidney transplant patients and pharmaceutical interventions resulting from this process.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study carried out from July 2018 to July 2019 at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The characteristics of the patients, the medication reconciliations performed by the clinical pharmacist, the discrepancies identified by the same (intentional and unintentional) and the result of the interventions were collected. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC). Results:Of the 719 patients monitored by the clinical pharmacist, 175 had medication reconciliation on admission performed, of which 56 had unintentional discrepancies. We found an average of 2.2 missing medications per prescription with a standard deviation of 1.3 medications. In total, 122 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, and in 61.5% there was adherence by the medical team. The therapeutic class with the highest occurrence (43.4%) of unintentional discrepancies was that which acted on the cardiovascular system. The variables observed were gender, number of medications in interventions (both with a significant association with medical adherence), age, length of stay, number of medications in hospitalization and number of medications previously used (the latter without a significant association with medical adherence).Conclusions:Medication reconciliation prevents possible medication errors, since the identification of unintentional discrepancies in the medical prescription generates signals that are taken by the clinical pharmacist to the assistant team, in order to guarantee the safe and correct use of medications during hospitalization.

Neuroimmune circuits involved in ß-lactoglobulin-induced food allergy.

Several antigens can act as allergens eliciting IgE-mediated food allergy reactions when fed to sensitized animals. One of them is ovalbumin (OVA) which is the main allergen in egg white. Allergic mice develop aversion to OVA consumption. This aversive behavior is associated with anxiety, and it can be transferred to non-sensitized mice by injection of serum of allergic mice. However, it is yet to be determined whether altered behavior is a general component of food allergy or whether it is specific for some types of allergens. Cow's milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy that usually begins early in life and ß-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the milk component with the highest allergenicity. In this study, we investigated behavioral and neuroimmune circuits triggered by allergic sensitization to BLG. A neuroimmune conflict between aversion and reward was observed in a model of food allergy induced by BLG intake. Mice sensitized to BLG did not present aversive behavior when BLG was used for sensitization and oral challenge. Mice allergic to BLG preferred to drink the allergen-containing solution over water even though they had high levels of specific IgE, inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa and significant weight loss. When sensitized to OVA and challenged with the same antigen, mice had increased levels of neuron activation in the amygdala, a brain area related to anxiety. On the other hand, when mice were sensitized to OVA and received a mixture of BLG and OVA in the oral challenge, mice preferred to drink this mixture, despite their aversion to OVA, which was associated with neuron activation in the nucleus accumbens, an area related to reward behavior. Thus, the aversive behavior observed in food allergy to OVA does not apply to all antigens and some allergens may activate the brain reward system rather than anxiety and aversion. Our study provides novel insights into the neuroimmune conflicts regarding preference and avoidance to a common antigen associated with food allergy.

Individual and interactive effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition and diversity of extrafloral nectary-bearing plants in Brazilian Caatinga.

Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and climate change represent two of the major threats to biodiversity globally, but their combined effects are not well understood. Here we investigate the individual and interactive effects of increasing CAD and decreasing rainfall on the composition and taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants possessing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga. EFNs attract ants that protect plants against insect herbivore attack and are extremely prevalent in the Caatinga flora. EFN-bearing plants were censused along gradients of disturbance and rainfall in Catimbau National Park in north-eastern Brazil. We recorded a total of 2243 individuals belonging to 21 species. Taxonomic and functional composition varied along the rainfall gradient, but not along the disturbance gradient. There was a significant interaction between increasing disturbance and decreasing rainfall, with CAD leading to decreased TD, FD and PD in the most arid areas, and to increased TD, FD and PD in the wettest areas. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the EFN traits we analysed, which explains the strong matching between patterns of FD and PD along the environmental gradients. The interactive effects of disturbance and rainfall revealed by our study indicate that the decreased rainfall forecast for Caatinga under climate change will increase the sensitivity of EFN-bearing plants to anthropogenic disturbance. This has important implications for the availability of a key food resource, which would likely have cascading effects on higher trophic levels.

Dengue virus infection induces inflammation and oxidative stress on the heart.

OBJECTIVE: Dengue fever is one of the most important arboviral diseases in the world, and its severe forms are characterised by a broad spectrum of systemic and cardiovascular hallmarks. However, much remains to be elucidated regarding the pathogenesis triggered by Dengue virus (DENV) in the heart. Herein, we evaluated the cardiac outcomes unleashed by DENV infection and the possible mechanisms associated with these effects. METHODS: A model of an adapted DENV-3 strain was used to infect male BALB/c mice to assess haemodynamic measurements and the functional, electrophysiological, inflammatory and oxidative parameters in the heart. RESULTS: DENV-3 infection resulted in increased systemic inflammation and vascular permeability with consequent reduction of systolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the cardiac output and stroke volume, with a reduction trend in the left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters and volumes. Also, there was a reduction trend in the calcium current density in the ventricular cardiomyocytes of DENV-3 infected mice. Indeed, DENV-3 infection led to leucocyte infiltration and production of inflammatory mediators in the heart, causing pericarditis and myocarditis. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species generation and lipoperoxidation were also verified in the cardiac tissue of DENV-3 infected mice. CONCLUSIONS: DENV-3 infection induced a marked cardiac dysfunction, which may be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and electrophysiological changes in the heart. These findings provide new cardiac insights into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis triggered by DENV, contributing to the research of new therapeutic targets for clinical practice.

O uso do tempo de crianças no contexto urbano e ribeirinho na Amazônia / The use of children's time in the urban and riverside context in the Amazon / El uso del tiempo de los niños en el contexto urbano y ribereño de la Amazonía

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as diferenças no uso do tempo de crianças no contexto urbano e rural. Foram coletadas informações sobre o uso do tempo diário de 75 crianças (44 meninas e 31 meninos, entre cinco e 14 anos). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Instrumento Sociodemográfico e Inventário de Rotinas. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto ao uso do tempo, além de demonstrar diferenças contextuais entre população urbana e ribeirinha. No contexto ribeirinho, os participantes realizavam atividades como tarefas domésticas e conversa; no urbano, a categoria uso do computador sobressaiu-se. Destaca-se que os beneficiários têm importância considerável com relação à valorização da escolarização, o que pode estar relacionado às diferenças encontradas entre os beneficiários e não beneficiários. A existência de atividades citadas exclusivamente em alguns contextos permite inferir quais caminhos desenvolvimentais estão sendo seguidos por crianças moradoras de contextos culturais diferenciados.

The objective of this study was to verify the differences in the use of children's time in urban and rural contexts. Information was collected on the use of daily time of 75 children (44 girls and 31 boys, between 5 and 14 years). The instruments used were the Sociodemographic Instrument and Inventory of Routines. The results showed statistically significant differences regarding the use of time, besides showing contextual differences between urban and riverside population. In the riverside context the participants performed activities related to Housekeeping and Conversation, in comparison to the urban one in which the use category of the Computer stood out. It should be noted that the beneficiaries have considerable importance in relation to the valuation of schooling, which may be related to the differences found between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The existence of activities cited exclusively in some contexts allows us to infer which developmental paths are being followed by children living in different cultural contexts.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las diferencias en el uso del tiempo de los niños en el contexto urbano y rural. Se recogieron informaciones sobre el uso del tiempo diario de 75 niños (44 niñas y 31 niños, entre cinco y 14 años). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Instrumento Sociodemográfico e Inventario de Rutinas. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al uso del tiempo, además de mostrar diferencias contextuales entre población urbana y ribereña. En el contexto ribereño los participantes realizaban actividades relacionadas como Tareas Domésticas y Conversación, en comparación al urbano en que la categoría uso del Computador sobresalió. Se destaca que los beneficiarios tienen una importancia considerable con respecto a la valorización de la escolarización, lo que puede estar relacionado con las diferencias encontradas entre los beneficiarios y no beneficiarios. La existencia de actividades citadas exclusivamente en algunos contextos permite inferir qué caminos desarrollales están siendo seguidos por niños que viven de contextos culturales diferenciados.

The influence of Kinesio Taping on muscle fatigue in individuals with low back pain: A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different taping techniques on back muscle fatigue in people with low back pain. METHODS: Sixty women with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 participants each: control (CG), Kinesio Taping (KT) with tension (KTT), KT no tension (KTNT) and Micropore® (MP), which were applied over the erector spinae muscles. The median frequency (MF) fatigue slopes of the longissimus muscle and sustained contraction time during a trunk fatigue test (Ito test), and pain using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) were collected at three time points: pre-treatment, three and ten days after intervention at a university laboratory. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in the MF slopes between groups (p= 0.01, η2= 0.20), with the KTT showing a mean difference (MD = 0.31, p= 0.04) and KTNT (MD = 0.28, p= 0.04) compared with CG. Significant reductions in NPRS were seen between time points (p< 0.001, η2= 0.28), with a reduction between pre and 3 days (MD = 1.87, p< 0.001), and pre and 10 days (MD = 1.38, p< 0.001), with KTT and KTNT both showing clinically important changes. CONCLUSION: KT, with or without tension, has a tendency to reduce back muscle fatigue and reduce pain in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Gold nanoparticles enhance fluorescence signals by flow cytometry at low antibody concentrations.

Flow cytometry is a universally applied technique in many biological and clinical assays to evaluate cells, bacteria, parasites, and particles at a micrometre scale. More advanced flow cytometers can detect small molecules down to the nanometre scale that may identify intracellular nanostructures. Advancements in the field of nanobiotechnology have led to techniques that allow the study of cellular behaviour after exposure to nanomaterials, particularly, metal nanoparticles. The optical properties of gold nanoparticles regarding surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are established to increase the fluorescence quantum yields of several dyes working as optical antennas, enabling the enhancement of light emission in fluorescent emitters. In this work we constructed a nanoprobe using gold nanoparticles coated with primary antibody Cetuximab. Then, we investigated whether this nanoprobe labelled with secondary fluorescent antibody Alexa Fluor 488, at low concentrations, could promote fluorescent signal enhancement, associated with SPR, and detected by the flow cytometry technique. Our results showed an enhanced fluorescent signal likely due to the proximity between the extinction coefficient of gold nanoparticles and the emission peak of Alexa Fluor 488, at exceptionally low concentrations, occurring within a high level of specificity. Moreover, the nanoprobe did not alter the cellular viability suggesting gold nanoparticles as a feasible approach for cell labelling using low concentrations of secondary antibodies for routine flow cytometry applications.

Knowledge of Oral Cancer by a Brazilian Population.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the knowledge about oral cancer in a Brazilian population, including initial clinical signs, causal factors, and the health professional of first choice when suspected of the disease. A total of 2261 participants were interviewed in a cross-sectional study, to investigate associations between sociodemographic descriptive variables and knowledge of oral cancer, risk factors, disease precursor lesions, and health professional of choice for diagnosis. The variables were descriptively analyzed and possible associations investigated considering p values < 0.05. A total of 83.4% of participants reported knowing about oral cancer, and 59.5% reported knowing about potentially malignant lesions; both variables were associated (p < 0.0001). Tobacco was identified as the main risk factor (83.6%), followed by family history (66.2%), and poor oral hygiene (54.5%). Interviewees with higher education level had greater knowledge about cancer (p < 0.0001), and the dentist was the health professional of choice for 43.1% of those who knew about the disease (p = 0.007), with the generalist being the most sought specialist. The population evaluated had a low knowledge of oral cancer given the lack of specific clarifications on etiological factors and risk situations. Health education initiatives are necessary to increase population awareness of potentially malignant oral lesions and improve early diagnosis and recognition of the dentist as a qualified professional for diagnosis of the disease.

Life satisfaction mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms: a study in a sample of Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interrelationships between childhood maltreatment, life satisfaction (LS), and depressive symptoms, and to investigate LS as a mediating factor in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. METHODS: The sample consisted of 342 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years (mean = 13.3, SD = 1.52 years), recruited from a public school in Salvador, Brazil. Participants filled out instruments for the collection of sociodemographic data and evaluation of childhood maltreatment, LS, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the mediating effect of LS. RESULTS: We detected significant negative correlations between childhood maltreatment and LS and between LS and depressive symptoms. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. LS partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms, mitigating the impact of maltreatment. CONCLUSION: LS played an important mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are recommended to fully elucidate these associations, reinforcing the need for attention and care of this vulnerable population.

Efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy, behavioral activation and treatment as usual in the treatment of major depressive disorder: preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, debilitating and disabling disorder, and its prevalence is increasing. Antidepressants (AD), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral activation (BA) are the main treatments for MDD. Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) addresses and restructures dysfunctional negative core beliefs (CBs) and is a novel and promising approach. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TBCT, BA and treatment as usual (TAU) in the treatment of MDD. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with MDD were randomized into 1 of 3 groups and evaluated at baseline, after 6 weeks and at week 12 (final evaluation). The primary outcome was changing in HAM-D scores, and the secondary outcomes included scores on the BDI, CD-Quest, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and WHOQOL. RESULTS: Both TBCT and BA (which also included AD) were different from TAU (which included antidepressants alone) in reducing the HAM-D and BDI scores and other measures. TBCT and BA were different from TAU in the reduction of disability in SDS and WHOQOL physical domain scores. Besides limited by a small sample size, the dropout rate in the TAU arm was higher, and only 10 patients completed the 3 evaluations. CONCLUSION: This trial provides evidence that TBCT and BA combined with antidepressants were more efficacious than the TAU (drug alone) in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms and disability, showing that this combination can be useful for clinical practice.

Comparative assessment of anatomical details of thoracic limb bones of a horse to that of models produced via scanning and 3D printing.

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing for the production of models is an innovative tool that can be used in veterinary anatomy practical classes. Ease of access to this teaching material can be an important aspect of learning the anatomy of domestic animals. In this study, a scanner was used to capture 3D images and a 3D printer that performs die-cast printing was used to produce skeletal models of the thoracic limb of a horse. METHODS: Bones from a horse were selected for scanning and creation of 3D-printed models. The printer used a filamentous thermoplastic material (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [ABS]) which was deposited together with a support resin. Comparisons of the anatomical characteristics (measurements from the original and printed bone) were analyzed to determine the p-value. RESULTS: Bones from the thoracic limb: scapula, humerus, radius and ulna, carpus and phalanges were used to produce digital and physical models for 3D impressions. Then the anatomical characteristics of the 3D printed models were compared with those of the original bones. The p-value was measured to be 0.9126, indicative of a strong evidence of similarity between the 3D-printed models and specimens. Thus, there was no significant statistical difference between the models and the original anatomical parts. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical characteristics were successfully identified in the 3D-printed copies, demonstrating that models of animal bones can be reproduced using 3D printing technology for use in veterinary education.

Frontline Science: Abnormalities in the gut mucosa of non-obese diabetic mice precede the onset of type 1 diabetes.

Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about changes in intestinal homeostasis that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed oral tolerance induction, components of the intestinal barrier, fecal microbiota, and immune cell phenotypes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during disease progression compared to non-obese diabetes resistant (NOR) mice. NOD mice failed to develop oral tolerance and had defective protective/regulatory mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa, including decreased numbers of goblet cells, diminished mucus production, and lower levels of total and bacteria-bound secretory IgA, as well as an altered IEL profile. These disturbances correlated with bacteria translocation to the pancreatic lymph node possibly contributing to T1D onset. The composition of the fecal microbiota was altered in pre-diabetic NOD mice, and cross-fostering of NOD mice by NOR mothers corrected their defect in mucus production, indicating a role for NOD microbiota in gut barrier dysfunction. NOD mice had a reduction of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in the MLNs, together with an increase of effector Th17 cells and ILC3, as well as a decrease of Th2 cells, ILC2, and Treg cells in the small intestine. Importantly, most of these gut alterations precede the onset of insulitis. Disorders in the intestinal mucosa of NOD mice can potentially interfere with the development of T1D due the close relationship between the gut and the pancreas. Understanding these early alterations is important for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for T1D prevention.

Digital revolution in veterinary anatomy: confection of anatomical models of canine stomach by scanning and three-dimensional printing (3D) / Revolución digital en anatomía veterinaria: confección de modelos anatómicos del estómago canino mediante escaneo e impresión tridimensional (3D)

Three-dimensional (3D) scanning and printing can contribute to the area of Veterinary Anatomy, producing anatomical models that can be used in teaching. The objective of this project was to apply the 3D digitalization and printing to produce models of the canine stomach, and make these models available as an alternative tool of study in the practical classes of veterinary anatomy. The stomachs of dogs were digitized and printed in 3D models. Anatomical aspects were easily identifies in the models as compared with stomach original. The results of this project clearly demonstrated that the digitalization and 3D printing from the dog stomach come to strongly contribute to the teaching of veterinary anatomy, currently playing an important role by producing replicas which present desirable anatomical characteristics from organ.

El escaneo e impresión tridimensional (3D) puede contribuir al área de Anatomía Veterinaria, produciendo modelos anatómicos que pueden usarse en la enseñanza. El objetivo de este proyecto fue aplicar la digitalización e impresión 3D para producir modelos del estómago canino y hacer que estos modelos estén disponibles como una herramienta alternativa de estudio en las clases prácticas de anatomía veterinaria. Los estómagos del perro fueron digitalizados e impresos en modelos 3D. Los aspectos anatómicos se identificaron fácilmente en los modelos en comparación con el estómago original. Los resultados de este proyecto demostraron claramente que la digitalización y la impresión en 3D del estómago del perro contribuyen en gran medida a la enseñanza de la anatomía veterinaria y que actualmente desempeña un papel importante, al producir réplicas que presentan características anatómicas deseables a partir de órganos.

Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide induce anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue via renin angiotensin system activation.

The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is located around the adventitia, composed primarily by adipocytes, stromal cells, leukocytes, fibroblasts and capillaries. It is well described that PVAT is an important modulator of the vascular tone being considered a biologically active tissue, releasing both vasoconstrictor and vasodilators factors. The literature shows that the anti-contractile effect induced by PVAT may be due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). AIM: Investigate whether the renin-angiotensin system participates in the effect exerted by perivascular adipose tissue on the vascular tone. METHODS AND RESULTS: For this study we used thoracic aorta from Balb/c mice and performed vascular reactivity, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide quantification using selective probes and fluorescence microscopy, immunofluorescence to locate receptors and enzymes involved in this response. Our results demonstrated that perivascular adipose tissue induces an anti-contractile effect in endothelium-independent manner and involves Mas and AT2 receptors participation with subsequent PI3K/Akt pathway activation. This pathway culminated with nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production by neuronal nitric oxide synthase, being hydrogen peroxide most relevant for the anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: For the first time in the literature, our results show the presence of Mas and AT2 receptors, as well as, nitric oxide synthase on perivascular adipose tissue. Furthermore, our results show the involvement of Mas and AT2 receptors and consequently nitric oxide synthase activation in the anti-contractile effect exerted by perivascular adipose tissue.

Biopsychosocial characteristics of sex offenders: An analysis of legal proceedings / Características biopsicossociais de autores de agressão sexual de crianças/adolescentes: uma análise de processos jurídicos

In this research, biopsychosocial characteristics of people accused of sexual aggression against children/adolescents between 2012 and 2014, in three districts of the state of Pará, were identified and analyzed. Data were collected by consulting court cases and recorded on a form prepared by the research group for biopsychosocial characterization. The statistical treatment of the data involved the non-hierarchical k-means clustering method, with cluster analysis. The results revealed three distinct groups; some with certain similarities due to the biological characteristics observed (Afro-descendant men over the age of 30 years, without reported organic diseases), as well as psychological and social characteristics (men with defined occupation and work, living in urban areas, with aggression to the black victim and in the family context) and differences (schooling, alcohol abuse and physical or psychological aggression, victim sex and family attachment to the aggressor). Further studies may refine the preliminary conclusions of these analyses.

Nesta pesquisa, identificaram-se e analisaram-se características biopsicossociais de pessoas acusadas de agressão sexual contra criança/adolescente, entre 2012 e 2014, em três comarcas do estado do Pará. Os dados foram coletados por meio de consulta aos autos de processos jurídicos, e registrados em formulário para caracterização biopsicossocial elaborado pelo grupo de pesquisa. O tratamento estatístico dos dados envolveu o método de agrupamento não hierárquico k-médias, com análise de Cluster. Os resultados identificaram três grupos distintos, mas que possuíam certa similaridade em razão das características biológicas neles observadas (homens negros com mais de 30 anos, sem doenças orgânicas), assim como características psicológicas e sociais (homens com ocupação e trabalho definidos, residentes em área urbana, com agressão à vítima negra e no contexto familiar) e diferenças (escolaridade, abuso de álcool e prática de agressão física ou psicológica, sexo da vítima e vínculo familiar com o agressor). Novos estudos podem refinar as conclusões preliminares destas análises.

Avaliação de distorção cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual de criança e adolescente (aascas): Revisão sistemática da literatura / Cognitive distortion assessment of sexual offender of children and adolescents: review of systematic literature / Evaluación de distorción cognitiva de agresor sexual de niño y adolescente: revisión de la literatura sistemática

A distorção cognitiva (DC) é um tema que vem sendo estudado amplamente quando se avalia os autores de agressão sexual de criança e adolescente (AASCA). Assim, esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo identificar e sintetizar os resultados de pesquisas que utilizaram instrumentos de DC nesta população. Utilizando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão de busca no Periódico CAPES, foram encontrados 64 artigos, sendo 56 selecionados, um escrito em português e os outros 55 em inglês. Nestes estudos, identificaram-se 92 instrumentos, sendo nove deles em seis artigos. Os resultados demonstraram que a DC é utilizada na literatura como fator preditor para o cometimento da agressão sexual de criança; correlaciona-se a variáveis como negação/minimização da agressão sexual; tem sido estratégica para avaliar perfis distintos entre grupos de análise; e, por fim, usada como uma medida a ser avaliada no tratamento de risco de reincidência de AASCAs. Sendo assim, conclui-se que os estudos de DC e seus instrumentos apresentam grande heterogeneidade de resultados, mas confirmam-na como uma variável essencial a ser considerada para avaliar AASCAs.

Cognitive distortion (CD) is a subject that has been extensively studied when assessing the authors of sexual aggression of children and adolescents (AASCA). Thus, this systematic review had the objective of identifying, analyzing and synthesizing the results of researches that used DC instruments in this population. Using the search inclusion and exclusion criteria in the CAPES Journal, 64 articles were found, of which 56 were selected, one is in Portuguese and the others 55 in English. In these studies, we identified 92 instruments was used, nine of them in six articles. The results showed that CD is used in the literature as a predictor for sexual aggression of child; correlates with variables such as denial/insignificantion of sexual aggression; has been strategic to evaluate distinct profiles between analysis groups; and, finally, used as a measure to be evaluated in the treatment of risk of recurrence of AASCAs. Thus, it is concluded that the CD studies and their instruments present a great heterogeneity of results, but confirm it as an essential variable to be considered to evaluate AASCAs.

La distorsión cognitiva (DC) es un tema que viene siendo estudiado ampliamente cuando se evalúa a los autores de agresión sexual de niño y adolescente (AASCA). Así, esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar, analizar y sintetizar los resultados de investigaciones que utilizaron instrumentos de (DC) en esta población. Utilizando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión en búsqueda en el Periódico CAPES, se encontraron 64 artículos, siendo 56 seleccionados, uno escrito en portugués y los otros 55 en Inglés. En estos estudios, se identificaron 92 instrumentos, siendo nueve de ellos en seis artículos. Los resultados demostraron que la DC se utiliza en la literatura como factor predictor para la comisión de la agresión sexual de niño; se correlaciona con variables como negación / minimización de la agresión sexual; ha sido estratégica para evaluar perfiles distintos entre grupos de análisis; y, por último, se utiliza como una medida a evaluar en el tratamiento del riesgo de reincidencia de AASCA. Siendo así, se concluye que los estudios de DC y sus instrumentos presentan gran heterogeneidad de resultados, pero la confirman como una variable esencial a ser considerada para evaluar AASCA.

Revisão sistemática dos instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente (AASCA) / Systematic review of the instruments of cognitive evaluation from authors of sexual aggression against children and adolescents (AASCA) / Revisión sistemática de los instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva de autores de agresión sexual contra niños y adolescentes (AASCA) / Revue systématique des instruments d'évaluation cognitive des auteurs d'agression sexuelle contre enfants et adolescents (AASCA)

O objetivo desta revisão foi identificar e descrever as medidas psicométricas de instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva de autores de agressão sexual contra criança e adolescente, cientificamente validados, encontrados em estudos que investigaram inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, na literatura nacional e internacional, disponíveis na fonte de dados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Utilizou como critérios de elegibilidade, termos em português e inglês, agressor sexual, abusador sexual, perpetrador sexual, estuprador sexual, molestador sexual. Em um total 1122 artigos, foram selecionados 58 para revisão e, neles, 13 instrumentos de avaliação cognitiva: verificação do coeficiente de inteligência (1), avaliação de empatia (2), e distorção cognitiva (10). Entre as propriedades psicométricas relatadas, seis dos instrumentos encontrados exibiram alto o índice de confiabilidade. Quando comparados os instrumentos de inteligência, empatia e distorção cognitiva, percebe-se que os resultados apontam para medidas de alta de confiabilidade e completeza entre esses últimos. A literatura internacional sobre o tema vem ganhando visibilidade no meio científico, contudo ainda são escassos os métodos e instrumentos de pesquisa voltados à avaliação cognitiva dessa população no Brasil.

The objective of this review was to identify and describe the psychometric measures of cognitive evaluation instruments of authors of sexual aggression against children and adolescents, scientifically validated, found in studies that investigated intelligence, empathy and cognitive distortion, in the national and international literature, available in the source of data in the Portal de Periódicos da CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). As criteria of eligibility, terms in Portuguese and English, sexual aggressor, sexual abuser, sexual perpetrator, sexual rapist, sexual molester, were used. In a total of 1122 articles, 58 were selected for review and in them 13 cognitive evaluation instruments: intelligence quotient checking(1), empathy evaluation (2), and cognitive distortion (10). Among the psychometric properties reported, six of the instruments found exhibited a high reliability index. When comparing the instruments of intelligence, empathy and cognitive distortion, it is noticed that the results point to measures of high reliability and completeness between the latter. The international literature on the subject has been gaining visibility in the scientific field; however, there are still few methods and research instruments aimed at the cognitive evaluation of this population in Brazil.

El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar y describir las medidas psicométricas de instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva de autores de agresión sexual contra niños y adolescentes, científicamente validados, encontrados en estudios que investigan inteligencia, empatía y distorsión cognitiva, en la literatura nacional e internacional, disponible en la fuente de datos en el Portal de Periódicos de la CAPES (Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento Personal de Nivel Superior). Fueron utilizados como criterio de elegibilidad términos en portugués e inglés, agresor sexual, acosador sexual, perpetrador sexual, estuprador sexual, molestador sexual. En un total de 1122 artículos, fueron seleccionados para la revisión 58 y, en estos, 13 instrumentos de evaluación cognitiva: verificación del coeficiente de inteligencia (1), evaluación de empatía (2), y distorsión cognitiva (10). Entre las propiedades psicométricas informadas, seis de los instrumentos encontrados mostraron alto índice de fiabilidad. Cuando comparados los instrumentos de inteligencia, empatía y distorsión cognitiva, se percibe que los resultados indican medidas de alta fiabilidad e integridad entre estos últimos. La literatura internacional sobre el tema está ganando espacio en el medio científico, sin embargo los métodos e instrumentos de investigación relacionados a la evaluación cognitiva de esa populación en Brasil todavía es insuficiente.

L'objectif de cette analyse a été identifier et de décrire les mesures psychométriques d'outils d'évaluation cognitive pour les auteurs d'agressions sexuelles contre les enfants et les adolescents, scientifiquement validés, trouvés dans les études qui ont étudié l'intelligence, l'empathie et distorsions cognitives, chez la littérature nationale et internationale, disponible dans la base de données du portail des revues CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). On a utilisé comme critères d'éligibilité, termes en Portugais et Anglais, agresseur sexuel, détracteur sexuel, perpétreur sexuel, violeur. Sur un total de 1122 articles, 58 ont été sélectionnés pour être révisé, parmi eux, 13 instruments d'évaluation cognitive: le quotient intellectuel (1), l'évaluation de l'empathie (2) et la distorsion cognitive (10). Parmi les propriétés psychométriques rapportées, six instruments trouvés on présenté un indice de fiabilité élevé. Lorsqu'on compare les instruments d'intelligence, d'empathie et de distorsion cognitive, on trouve des résultats qui indiquent des mesures de grande fiabilité et de complétude entre ces derniers. La littérature internationale sur le sujet gagne visibilité dans le domaine scientifique. Cependant, il existe encore peu de méthodes et d'instruments de recherche ciblés sur l'évaluation cognitive de cette population au Brésil.

Autor de agressão sexual de criança/adolescente: uma caracterização da produção sobre o tema / Sex offender of children/adolescent victms: a characterization of the production on the theme

Pesquisas com autores de agressão sexual de criança/adolescente estão se consolidando em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar a produção científica de autores de agressão sexual de criança/e adolescente na literatura nacional e internacional, entre 1984 e 2013. Dos 64 artigos selecionados no Portal CAPES, utilizado descritores e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 56 foram confirmados pelos juízes. Os principais resultados demonstram que as publicações estão concentradas em revistas especializadas, apresentando uma produção crescente em vários países. Quanto às características da população são indivíduos custodiados em regime fechado, sendo a maioria homens entre 25-50 anos. No Brasil, a produção sobre a condição psicossocial dos autores de agressão sexual parece acompanhar o crescimento das estatísticas sobre sua incidência na infância ena adolescência e revela uma multiplicidade de tipos que definem essa população. (AU)

Research on sexual offenders of children/adolescents are consolidating increasingly diverse areas of knowledge. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the scientific production of sexual offenders of children/adolescents in national and international literature, between 1984 and 2013. Of the 64 items selected in the Portal CAPES, used criteria for inclusion and exclusion and their descriptors, 56 were listed by the judges. The main results demonstrate that the publications are concentrated in English(international), with emphasis on specialized magazines, with a growing production in global terms. In Brazil, production is still very small but growing. As for the characteristics of the population are sentenced individuals, men, between the ages of 25-50 years. (AU)