Intraoperative thermal mapping of mammary tumors in dogs.

In this study, videothermometry's application in detecting mammary tumors in dogs is explored in-depth. The research hypothesizes that this technique can effectively identify cancerous tissues during surgery by analyzing thermal patterns. The methodology involved comparing thermal imaging results from dogs with palpable mammary nodules against a control group, focusing on capturing real-time thermal patterns. Results were significant, showing distinct thermal patterns in carcinomas. This indicates videothermometry's capability in accurately identifying micro metastases and differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes. The study concludes that videothermometry has considerable potential in enhancing surgical precision, especially in tumor resection and safety margin definition, but emphasizes the need for further research to thoroughly understand the thermal signatures of various mammary tumors in dogs.

AMPKα1 negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis and mitigates pathological bone loss.

Osteoclasts are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption, a highly energy-demanding process. Focus on osteoclast metabolism could be a key for the treatment of osteolytic diseases including osteoporosis. In this context, AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1), an energy sensor highly expressed in osteoclasts, participates in the metabolic reconfiguration during osteoclast differentiation and activation. This study aimed to elucidate the role of AMPKα1 during osteoclastogenesis in vitro and its impact in bone loss in vivo. Using LysMcre/0AMPK⍺1f/f animals and LysMcre/0 as control, we evaluated how AMPKα1 interferes with osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity in vitro. We found that AMPKα1 is highly expressed in the early stages of osteoclastogenesis. Genetic deletion of AMPKα1 leads to increased gene expression of osteoclast differentiation and fusion markers. In addition, LysMcre/0AMPK⍺1f/f mice had an increased number and size of differentiated osteoclast. Accordingly, AMPKα1 negatively regulates bone resorption in vitro, as evidenced by the area of bone resorption in LysMcre/0AMPK⍺1f/f osteoclasts. Our data further demonstrated that AMPKα1 regulates mitochondrial fusion and fission markers upregulating Mfn2 and downregulating DRP1 (dynamics-related protein 1) and that Ctskcre/0AMPK⍺1f/f osteoclasts lead to an increase in the number of mitochondria in AMPK⍺1-deficient osteoclast. In our in vivo study, femurs from Ctskcre/0AMPK⍺1f/f animals exhibited bone loss associated with the increased number of osteoclasts, and there was no difference between Sham and ovariectomized group. Our data suggest that AMPKα1 acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis, and the depletion of AMPKα1 in osteoclast leads to a bone loss state similar to that observed after ovariectomy.

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Helminths in Thoroughbred Horses Kept at Training Centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of helminths in Thoroughbred horses in Rio de Janeiro; make correlations with risk factors for these infections; and compare the efficiency of three floatation solutions applied in the quantitative Mini-FLOTAC technique. Fecal samples from 520 horses were collected from six training centers between 2019 and 2021. These were subjected to the Mini-FLOTAC technique using three solutions: NaCl (density = 1.200 g/mL), ZnSO4 (1.350 g/mL) and ZnSO4 (1.200 g/mL); and also to qualitative techniques. Information on the horses' sex and age of horses was retrieved from the studbook; data on management from a questionnaire. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 71.9%, with significant differences between training centers (P ≤ .05). On farm C, 87.7% of the samples presented strongylids and 38.7% had Parascaris spp., with the highest egg counts per gram of feces (EPG), of 358.33 and 40.41 respectively. Horses less than 3 years of age were about eight times more likely to be parasitized by strongylids and eleven times more likely to have EPG ≥500. The NaCl solution used in Mini-FLOTAC enabled recovery of the greatest number of samples with high EPG and reached the highest sensitivity values in the diagnosis when compared to the other solutions. Moreover, in the diagnoses, the levels of agreement between the results from the solutions used in Mini-FLOTAC were substantial. However, in estimating the EPG, full agreement between the results from the solutions used in Mini-FLOTAC was not obtained.

New technique of intragastric sleeve: viability and survival in a pig model.

Developing a less invasive, practical and cost-effective operative technique for obesity treatment represents a pressing need for our society. In this way, intragastric single port sleeve by endoplication was tested in six pigs during 18 weeks. Celiotomy was performed with animal placed in dorsal decubitus position. Single port gastrostomy was performed and double tobacco pouch sutures were made in fundic region, making a gastric sleeve. At the end, stomach layers and skin were closed in a conventional manner. Means and the standard deviations of surgical time were calculated. The procedure was simple and all animals survived; there were no significant blood loss and no intra and postoperative complications. The procedure was fast (67.4 minutes). The technique has the advantage of not requiring the use of mechanical sutures, making it less costly. The innovation of this procedure was the use of a single port gastrostomy device to perform an intraluminal sleeve. What made this technique less invasive were the use of a single port, nonmanipulation of the stomach intra-abdominally, ease of execution and no need of pneumoperitoneum. The new technique is acceptable and has reproducible viability, had a short procedure time without intra and postoperative complications.

Colored shade nets induced changes in growth, anatomy and essential oil of Pogostemon cablin.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of colored shade nets on the growth, anatomy and essential oil content, yield and chemical composition of Pogostemon cablin. The plants were cultivated under full sunlight, black, blue and red nets. The harvesting was performed 5 months after planting and it was followed by the analysis of plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, essential oil content, yield and chemical composition. The plants grown under red net have produced more leaf, shoot, total dry weight and leaf area. Plants cultivated under colored nets showed differences in morphological features. Plants maintained under red net had a higher leaf blade thickness and polar and equatorial diameter of the stomata ratio. Additionally, higher yield of essential oil in the leaves was observed under red and blue colored shade net. The essential oil of the plants grown under red net showed the highest relative percentage of patchoulol (66.84%). Therefore, it is possible using colored shade nets to manipulate P. cablin growth, as well as its essential oil production with several chemical compositions. The analyses of principal components allowed observing that pogostol has negative correlation with α-guaiene and α-bulnesene. There was difference in total dry weight and patchoulol content when the patchouli is cultured under the red colored shade nets.