Effect of three-dimensional collagen membrane culture and presence of cumulus cells on maturation of bovine oocytes.

OBJECTIVE: The use of animals as experimental models has been proposed to improve the techniques applied in human reproduction clinics. This prospective and observational study evaluates the effects of the use of cumulus cells and collagen membrane on the maturation process of bovine oocytes. METHODS: Design and Setting: Bovine oocytes with or without cumulus cells were cultured in maturation medium for 24 hours in the conventional system (2D), central well plates and in the three-dimensional (3D) system. Intervention: The oocytes were positioned in the collagen membrane and matured for the same period. The morphological evaluation was carried out with the parameters of maturation. Main Outcome Measure: Presence or absence of the first polar corpuscle, which were observed and classified as germinal vesicle (GV), meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII). RESULTS: The percentage of oocytes in GV was higher (p<0.05) in treatments without cumulus cells than those with cells. The rates of MII were higher (p<0.05) in the treatments with cumulus cells, independent of the culture system. In general, oocytes with presence of cumulus cells have approximately 1.7 times more chances (p<0.001) of reaching MII after MIV than those matured without cells. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the cells in the cumulus is essential for the maturation process of bovine oocytes; the three-dimensional collagen membrane culture system is favorable for the maturation process of bovine oocytes.

Three-dimensional levitation culture improves in-vitro growth of secondary follicles in bovine model.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does a three-dimensional culture system based on magnetic levitation with nanoparticles assembly maintain the follicular structure and viability with adequate growth rates leading to oocyte maturation after long-term culture? DESIGN: Randomized-controlled trial of treatments in a bovine model. Secondary follicles (n = 213) isolated from bovine ovaries were cultured in a two-dimensional system (two-dimensional control) or three-dimensional levitation system with different concentrations (three-dimensional 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml) of magnetic nanoparticles. Follicular growth (diameter, daily growth and growth patterns), morphology (normal, degenerated and extruded follicles), antrum formation, oocyte viability and chromatin configuration were assessed. RESULTS: Secondary follicles of three-dimensional 200-µl/ml treatment showed higher viability, antrum formation and lower degeneration rates than two-dimensional control. Also, follicles cultured in the three-dimensional 200-µl/ml treatment presented a most homogenous daily growth rate as shown by the lowest variance and standard deviation. Compared with the two-dimensional control, the proportion of non-growing and slow-growing follicles were 3.8-fold lower and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, in the three-dimensional 200-µl/ml treatment. After in-vitro maturation, the three-dimensional 200-µl/ml had a greater proportion of viable oocytes (1.7-fold) and meiotic resumption rates (2.4-fold) than the two-dimensional control treatment. CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional levitation culture system improves the viability of in-vitro development of bovine secondary follicles, antrum formation and lower extrusion and degeneration rates and adequate growth rate leading to relevant oocyte viability and meiotic resumption after in-vitro maturation. This approach does not require a specific medium, and has the potential as an alternative method to in-vitro follicle culture in several species, including humans.

Positive effect of resveratrol against preantral follicles degeneration after ovarian tissue vitrification.

This study aimed to evaluate whether the addition of resveratrol to vitrification/thawing medium improves the cryotolerance of preantral follicles enclosed in bovine ovarian fragments. Ovarian fragments were obtained from bovine fetuses and distributed to the following groups: fresh ovarian fragments (control), vitrified (VIT), and vitrified with resveratrol (VIT + RESV). Overall, the mean percentage of normal follicles was greater (P < 0.05) in the VIT + RESV compared to the VIT group. Moreover, the probability of finding normal follicles was 2.5 greater (P < 0.05) in the VIT + RESV group. In class comparison, the primordial and transitional follicles have ∼3.0 times (P < 0.05) greater odds of being normal after vitrification compared to the secondary follicles. Additionally, a negative association (P < 0.05) was observed between the proportion of viable follicles and the stage of follicular development. ROS levels were similar (P > 0.05) between the VIT and VIT + RESV groups, and both were lower (P < 0.05) than the control group. The tissue viability in the VIT + RESV group was similar (P > 0.05) to the control group. In summary, the resveratrol provided greater ovarian tissue viability and has a positive effect against degeneration of preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian fragments.

Sincronização da ovulação: como mimetizar ainda mais a fisiologia da reprodução para obter melhores resultados? / Synchronization of ovulation: how to mimic the reproductive physiology for best outcomes?

Na última década, um grande número de terapias tem sido desenvolvidas para manipular o crescimento e ovulação do folículo ovariano e aumentar a taxa de concepção em inseminação artificial (IA) em bovinos. Várias estratégias têm sido propostas para melhorar a resposta a biotecnologias reprodutivas. Quando se obtém 50% de concepção em uma IA em tempo fixo (IATF), automaticamente se pergunta onde estão os outros 50%. Da mesma forma, a variação de resultados em função das raças, categorias, condição corporal, medicamentos e manejos fazem surgir mais perguntas que respostas. Este artigo discute fatores chave na manipulação do crescimento folicular ovariano e ovulação para melhorar a taxa de concepção em bovinos.

Over the last decade, a number of therapies have been developed to manipulate ovarian follicle growth and ovulation to improve conception rates for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. Various strategies have been proposed to improve the responses to reproductive biotechnologies. When timed AI (TAI) results in 50% of conception, automatically a question is made about where are the other 50%. Variations in results depending on breed, category, body condition and drugs make rise more questions than answers. This article discusses some key points related to the manipulation of ovarian follicular growth and ovulation to improve conception rates following TAI in cattle.

Sincronização da ovulação: como mimetizar ainda mais a fisiologia da reprodução para obter melhores resultados? / Synchronization of ovulation: how to mimic the reproductive physiology for best outcomes?

Na última década, um grande número de terapias tem sido desenvolvidas para manipular o crescimento e ovulação do folículo ovariano e aumentar a taxa de concepção em inseminação artificial (IA) em bovinos. Várias estratégias têm sido propostas para melhorar a resposta a biotecnologias reprodutivas. Quando se obtém 50% de concepção em uma IA em tempo fixo (IATF), automaticamente se pergunta onde estão os outros 50%. Da mesma forma, a variação de resultados em função das raças, categorias, condição corporal, medicamentos e manejos fazem surgir mais perguntas que respostas. Este artigo discute fatores chave na manipulação do crescimento folicular ovariano e ovulação para melhorar a taxa de concepção em bovinos.(AU)

Over the last decade, a number of therapies have been developed to manipulate ovarian follicle growth and ovulation to improve conception rates for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle. Various strategies have been proposed to improve the responses to reproductive biotechnologies. When timed AI (TAI) results in 50% of conception, automatically a question is made about where are the other 50%. Variations in results depending on breed, category, body condition and drugs make rise more questions than answers. This article discusses some key points related to the manipulation of ovarian follicular growth and ovulation to improve conception rates following TAI in cattle.(AU)

Causas de variação nos preços de bovinos nelore elite no Brasil / Causes of variation in the prices of nelore elite cattle in Brazil

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as causas de variação nos preços de bovinos da raça nelore pertencentes a rebanhos de seleção, os quais foram comercializados em leilões, para verificar as influências das avaliações genéticas e dos julgamentos de exterior sobre esses preços. Para tanto, foram computados os preços de venda de 426 bovinos da referida raça em 12 leilões ocorridos em diversas localidades brasileiras (regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Sudeste), entre os anos de 2002 e 2005. O valor médio foi de R$ 3.325,49, sendo o mínimo de R$ 1.400,00 e o máximo de R$ 10.500,00. Esses dados foram digitados juntamente com outras informações que eram apresentadas nos catálogos dos leilões. As informações registradas incluíram o sexo de cada animal, o nome do leilão e as DEPs informadas nos catálogos. Além da avaliação da influência das informações dos catálogos, também foi avaliada a influência das informações dos reprodutores, pais dos animais vendidos nos leilões, envolvendo suas DEPs publicadas em um sumário de reprodutores da raça e as pontuações de suas progênies em julgamentos. Os métodos estatísticos aplicados foram análises de variâncias e análises de agrupamento (método K-médias). Como resultado, foi observado que animais com superioridade genética em características relacionadas a desempenho ponderal, considerando-se os efeitos diretos e maternos, foram valorizados ao serem comercializados nos leilões. Em contra-partida, a pontuação dos reprodutores nos julgamentos não teve influência significativa sobre os preços médios de venda de suas progênies nos leilões.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the causes of variation in the marketing prices of elite flock nelore cattle commercialized by auction, especially to verify the influences of EPDs and visual assessment. The selling prices of 426 animals from the nelore breed commercialized during 12 auctions held in various Brazilian locations, between the years 2002 and 2005, were considered in the analysis. The average price was R$ 3.325,49, with a minimum of R$ 1.400,00 and a maximum of R$ 10.500,00. The data used in a first analysis included the sex of each animal, the name of the auction and the EPDs of each animal informed in a catalog provided to the buyers during the auctions. A second analysis considered the EPDs of the sires of the commercialized animals, and the accumulated punctuation of these sires through their progeny judged through visual assessment during traditional animal shows in Brazil. Variance analysis and k-means clustering were applied to run the statistical analysis of the data. It was observed that animals with better EPDs, direct and maternal effects, on growth traits were sold with higher prices during the auctions. The punctuation by visual assessment did not significantly affect the prices.(AU)

Causas de variação nos preços de bovinos nelore elite no Brasil / Causes of variation in the prices of nelore elite cattle in Brazil

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as causas de variação nos preços de bovinos da raça nelore pertencentes a rebanhos de seleção, os quais foram comercializados em leilões, para verificar as influências das avaliações genéticas e dos julgamentos de exterior sobre esses preços. Para tanto, foram computados os preços de venda de 426 bovinos da referida raça em 12 leilões ocorridos em diversas localidades brasileiras (regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Sudeste), entre os anos de 2002 e 2005. O valor médio foi de R$ 3.325,49, sendo o mínimo de R$ 1.400,00 e o máximo de R$ 10.500,00. Esses dados foram digitados juntamente com outras informações que eram apresentadas nos catálogos dos leilões. As informações registradas incluíram o sexo de cada animal, o nome do leilão e as DEPs informadas nos catálogos. Além da avaliação da influência das informações dos catálogos, também foi avaliada a influência das informações dos reprodutores, pais dos animais vendidos nos leilões, envolvendo suas DEPs publicadas em um sumário de reprodutores da raça e as pontuações de suas progênies em julgamentos. Os métodos estatísticos aplicados foram análises de variâncias e análises de agrupamento (método K-médias). Como resultado, foi observado que animais com superioridade genética em características relacionadas a desempenho ponderal, considerando-se os efeitos diretos e maternos, foram valorizados ao serem comercializados nos leilões. Em contra-partida, a pontuação dos reprodutores nos julgamentos não teve influência significativa sobre os preços médios de venda de suas progênies nos leilões.

This study aimed to understand the causes of variation in the marketing prices of elite flock nelore cattle commercialized by auction, especially to verify the influences of EPDs and visual assessment. The selling prices of 426 animals from the nelore breed commercialized during 12 auctions held in various Brazilian locations, between the years 2002 and 2005, were considered in the analysis. The average price was R$ 3.325,49, with a minimum of R$ 1.400,00 and a maximum of R$ 10.500,00. The data used in a first analysis included the sex of each animal, the name of the auction and the EPDs of each animal informed in a catalog provided to the buyers during the auctions. A second analysis considered the EPDs of the sires of the commercialized animals, and the accumulated punctuation of these sires through their progeny judged through visual assessment during traditional animal shows in Brazil. Variance analysis and k-means clustering were applied to run the statistical analysis of the data. It was observed that animals with better EPDs, direct and maternal effects, on growth traits were sold with higher prices during the auctions. The punctuation by visual assessment did not significantly affect the prices.