The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS: Overall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults with prediabetes or T2D were included in the meta-analysis. IF decreased body weight (WMD -4.56 kg [95% CI -6.23 to -2.83]; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; WMD -1.99 kg.m2 [95% CI -2.74 to -1.23]; p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; WMD -0.81% [95% CI -1.24 to -0.38]; p = 0.001), fasting glucose (WMD -0.36 mmol/L [95% CI -0.63 to -0.09]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD -0.31 mmol/L [95% CI -0.60 to -0.02]; p = 0.03) and triglycerides (WMD -0.14 mmol/L [95% CI -0.27 to -0.01]; p = 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low-densitiy lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, or blood pressure as compared with CON. Furthermore, IF decreased body weight (WMD -1.14 kg [95% CI -1.69 to -0.60]; p = 0.001) and BMI (WMD -0.43 kg.m2 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.27]; p = 0.001), but did not significantly affect fat mass, lean body mass, visceral fat, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profiles or blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss and specific cardiometabolic health markers in individuals with prediabetes or T2D. Additionally, IF is associated with a reduction in body weight and BMI compared to CR, without effects on glycaemic markers, lipid profiles or blood pressure.

Negative mood state in Kermanshah population during COVID-19 quarantine linked to low physical activity levels: a cross-sectional online survey study.

One of the most significant consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the anxiety and stress it causes among the general population, which can be reduced by engaging in regular physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of physical activity and mood state during the COVID-19 quarantine among the Kermanshah population. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2471 subjects (1256 males and 1215 females) were selected in the population of Kermanshah in the west of Iran, using the convenience sampling method. Physical activity levels were assessed using the physical activity (PA) questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), and mood state was measured by the abbreviated form of the Iranian version of the standard POMS questionnaire (Bill Morgan 1979). Participants completed the online questionnaire between March 28th and May 20th, 2020. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage), and deductive (Chi-square and Spearman's correlation) were used for data analysis. our study found that the majority of participants reported decreased PA levels during the quarantine period. Specifically, 71.7% reported a decrease in moderate-intensity physical activity, 80.5% reported a decrease in high-intensity PA, and 71.3% reported a decrease in the total volume of PA. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of sessions (P=0.001), intensity (P=0.001), and duration of exercise (P=0.001) before and during the coronavirus. There was a significant positive relationship between low (r=0.93; P=0.001) and high (r=0.673; P=0.034) levels of PA and negative mood state. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between moderate PA level (r=0.82; P=0.001) and a positive mood states. The study suggests that the current quarantine has negatively affected the mood states of the participants. Overall, the study recommends regular PA to prevent COVID-19 while adhering to health and safety protocols.

The effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulinemia (PPI) in adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched until May 2022 using the key words "exercise," "postprandial," and "randomized control trial" to identify original studies investigating the effects of exercise training on PPG and/or PPI in adults with a body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 25 kg.m2. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models to calculate effect sizes for outcomes and to generate forest plots. Sub-group analyses and meta-regressions were performed for potential categorical and continuous moderators. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies involving 41 intervention arms and 1,401 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training significantly decreased PPG [-0.36 (95 % CI -0.50 to -0.22), p = 0.001] and PPI [-0.37 (95 % CI -0.52 to -0.21), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that PPG decreased following both aerobic and resistance training; whereas PPI was reduced following aerobic training, independent of age, BMI, and baseline glucose levels. Meta-regression analyses showed that frequency of exercise sessions, intervention durations, and duration of exercise time, did not moderate the effects of exercise training on PPI or PPG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In adults with overweight or obesity and with cardiometabolic disorders, exercise training is effective for reducing PPG and PPI, across ages and BMIs, irrespective of baseline glucose levels and exercise training characteristics.

A comparison of the impact of exercise training with dietary intervention versus dietary intervention alone on insulin resistance and glucose regulation in individual with overweight or obesity: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes for which exercise training (Ex) and dietary interventions (DI) are effective interventions that can improve IR. We therefore performed a systematic meta-analysis to compare the effect of Ex + DI compared with DI on IR and glucose homeostasis. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane Library were conducted up to May 2021. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effect of Ex + DI compared with DI on fasting glucose and insulin, IR and body weight. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed using random or fixed effect models. RESULTS: Fifty studies involving 2864 participants with overweight or obesity were included in the meta-analysis. Ex + DI caused a larger decrease in fasting glucose (p = 0.001, 62 trials) and IR (p = 0.01, 29 trials) when compared with DI alone. There was no significant evidence, however, for a greater effect of Ex + DI on fasting insulin (p = 0.07, 48 trials) and body weight (p = 0.12, 58 trials), compared with DI alone. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a combination of Ex and DI may be more effective than DI alone at improving IR and fasting glucose in individuals with overweight and obesity.

Different Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Exercise Indexes and Mood States Based on Sport Types, Exercise Dependency and Individual Characteristics.

Exercise indexes have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its related restrictions among athletes. In the present study, we investigated the exercise frequency and intensity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and also current exercise dependency and mood state among non-contact individual, contact individual, and team sports athletes. A total of 1353 athletes from non-contact individual sports athletes (NCISA), contact individual sports athletes (CISA) and team sport athletes (TSA) participated; 45.4% of them were females that completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current exercise patterns, exercise dependency and mood states. NCISA had less exercise frequency than CISA, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and NCISA had less exercise frequency than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding exercise intensity, CISA had higher scores than NCISA and TSA before the COVID-19 pandemic, and CISA had more exercise intensity than TSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequency and intensity were reduced from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three groups, except for TSA intensity. In addition, positive and negative mood states were correlated with exercise dependency. CISA were more discouraged and vigorous than NCISA and TSA, respectively. For NCISA, CISA, and TSA, ordinal regressions separately showed that adherence to quarantine and exercise dependency were better predictors of exercise indexes. Finally, exercise dependency subscales were different among sports, but it was not in exercise dependency itself. Although the decrease in exercise indexes was noticeable, there was no consistent pattern of change in exercise behavior in all sports. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, negative moods were predominant among all athletes. The results discussed are based on exercise nonparticipating, sport type, and affect regulation hypothesis.

No Evidence of Systematic Change of Physical Activity Patterns Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Related Mood States Among Iranian Adults Attending Team Sports Activities.

Objective: To cope with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic health authorities released social restrictions. Such social restrictions impacted on the people's possibilities to move deliberately in a public space and to gather with other people. In the present study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions ("confinement") on physical activity (PA) patterns before and during the confinement among team sports participants. Such PA patterns were further related to current mood states, and possible sex differences were also explored. Methods: A total of 476 adults exercising team sport (football, futsal, volleyball, handball, and basketball; mean age: 24.66 years; 48.1% females) completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current PA patterns, and current mood states. Results: Compared with the period before the confinement, PA intensity decreased, but PA frequency increased during the confinement. Past, current, and changes in physical activity patterns were unrelated to participants' mood states. Sex differences in mood were spurious. Sex differences in physical activity patterns were modest, with male participants reporting a higher physical activity intensity during the confinement. Conclusions: The present pattern of results suggests that the COVID-19-related confinement did not impact in a uniform fashion on PA patterns of adults attending team sports. Furthermore, mood states were unrelated to current physical activity patterns. Given the complex psychosocial situation of COVID-19-related confinement, it appeared very unlikely that sole physical activity patterns could counterbalance possible impaired states of mood and behavior.

High-Intensity Interval vs. Continuous Endurance Training: Preventive Effects on Hormonal Changes and Physiological Adaptations in Prediabetes Patients.

ABSTRACT: Safarimosavi, S, Mohebbi, H, and Rohani, H. High-intensity interval vs. continuous endurance training: Preventive effects on hormonal changes and physiological adaptations in prediabetes patients. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 731-738, 2021-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention, or an isocaloric continuous endurance training (CET) intervention on insulin resistance indices and change in irisin and preptin in patients with prediabetes. Thirty-two prediabetic male patients (age = 38.7 ± 4; body mass index = 26.9 ± 1.4 kg·m-2; and V̇o2peak = 2.49 ± 0.22 L·min-1) were randomly assigned into 3 training groups (N = 8). These groups were matched based on the required energy expenditure (EE) for completing each protocol: (a) HIIT (10 × 60 seconds at 90% peak oxygen uptake [V̇o2peak], 1: 1 work to recovery at 50 W), (b) CET at an intensity equivalent to maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) (CETFAT) (pedaling for a duration that expends an equivalent EE to an HIIT session [E ≈ HIIT]), (c) CET at an intensity equivalent to anaerobic threshold (CETAT) (E ≈ HIIT), and (d) the control group (CON): continued to perform their daily activities. After intervention, blood glucose levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the HIIT group compared with CETAT group. Exercise training improved the insulin resistance index by 35, 28, and 37% in CETFAT, CETAT, and HIIT groups, respectively. Irisin concentrations in the HIIT and CETAT groups was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the pre-training values. Also, HIIT and CETFAT resulted in significant (p < 0.05) changes in preptin concentration compared with baseline. This study demonstrated that both HIIT and CETFAT protocols had similar effects on the insulin resistance index of prediabetic patients. Also, the intensity and type of exercise were effective factors in changing irisin and preptin concentrations.

Efecto de la masa muscular implicada en los ejercicios de resistencia sobre la presión arterial postejercicio y el doble producto / Effect of involved muscle mass in resistance exercise on post-exercise blood pressure and rate pressure product

La presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) durante el período de recuperación pueden estar influenciadas por el tamaño de la masa muscular activa, y es posible que esta variable también tenga algunos efectos diferentes sobre el doble producto en el postejercicio (RPP). El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar y comparar la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y la presión arterial diastólica (PAD), la FC y el RPP durante la recuperación de ejercicio de resistencia con distintas regiones del cuerpo. Doce jóvenes normotensos realizaron al azar 3 ensayos de ejercicio de resistencia con los miembros superiores (MS), los miembros inferiores (MI) y todo el cuerpo (TC), y una sesión de control (CON). Todos los tipos de ejercicio incluyeron 3 series de 10 repeticiones con un 65% de 1RM con 2 min de intervalo de descanso entre series y ejercicios. La PAS, la PAD, la FC, y el RPP se midieron antes y cada 15 min después del ejercicio, hasta 60 min. El lactato sanguíneo (lacS) también se midió antes y en el primer minuto después del ejercicio. Los análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y de Bonferroni post hoc se utilizaron para analizar los datos a p ≤ 0,05. La PAS disminuyó durante los 60 min postejercicio de MS, MI y TC de manera similar, mientras que después del ejercicio la PAD no mostraba ningún cambio. Se observaron aumentos significativos en RPP durante 15 min después del elercicio de MI y 30 min después del de MS y de TC. La concentración lacS aumentó significativamente después del ejercicio de resistencia de MS, de MI y de TC en comparación con los valores de descanso, así como sesiones CON. Los diferentes ejercicios de resistencia de MS, MI y TC provocan una hipotensión post ejericio de similar magnitud y duración y casi producen las mismas respuestas cardiovasculares, a pesar de que en ellos participa una masa muscular diferente

As the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response during the recovery period can be influenced by size of activated muscle mass, it is possible that this variable also has some distinct effects on post-exercise rate pressure product (RPP). The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HR, and RPP responses during recovery to resistance exercise with different body regions. Twelve normotensive young men randomly performed three resistance exercise trials with upper limbs (UL), lower limbs (LL), and whole body (WB), and a control session (CON). All exercise trails included 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with 65% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min rest interval between sets and exercises. SBP, DBP, HR, and RPP were measured before and at each 15 min after exercise until 60 min. Blood lactate (bLAC) was also measured before, and at the 1st minute after the end of exercise. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc were used to analyze the data, with a P < .05. The SBP decrease for 60 min after UL, LL, and WB exercise trials was similar, whereas there was no change in post-exercise DBP after the trials. Significant increases were observed in RPP for 15 min after LL, and 30 min after UL and WB. The blood lactate concentration significantly increased after UL, LL and WB resistance exercise when compared to the rest values, as well as in the CON sessions. UL, LL and WB resistance exercise lead to post-exercise hypotension, similar in magnitude and duration, and almost produce the same cardiovascular responses, despite different muscle mass involvement

El efecto de 12 semanas de entrenamiento de resistencia con 2 intensidades diferentes en la expresión de GLUT4 mARN en los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio en ratones obesos / The effect of 12 weeks endurance training at 2 different intensities on GLUT4 mRNA expression of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in obese mice

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la expresión de mARN de GLUT4 en los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio en ratones obesos en respuesta al entrenamiento de resistencia. Cuarenta machos C57BL/6 ratones fueron utilizados en este estudio. Ocho ratones (normal base [NB]) sirvieron como no obesos controles no entrenados, y 32 ratones fueron puestos en una dieta alta en grasa (HFD), régimen que siguieron (60% de grasa, kcal) durante 12 semanas. En la semana 16 los ratones obesos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en los siguientes grupos de tratamiento (n = 8 cada grupo): base obesos (OB); baja intensidad (LI); alta intensidad (HI); o grupos de control (OC) obesos. LI y HI fueron entrenados durante 5 días/semana durante 12 semanas en una cinta rodante motorizada a 15 m/min en una pendiente del 5% (para LI) y/o en 22 m/min en una pendiente 5% (para HI). Los ratones OCse mantuvieron sedentariamente en la jaula durante el programa de formación. GLUT4 expresión de mRNA se midió en los músculos gastrocnemio y sóleo, utilizando el método en real time-PCR. La expresión de GLUT4 del mARN del músculo sóleo en el grupo LI aumentó aproximadamente ∼2,2 veces, frente a ∼1,6 veces para los gemelos (p ≤ 0,05). Además, la expresión de GLUT4 mARN en los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio en los grupos LI y HI fue significativamente mayor que en OB y en los grupos OC (p ≤ 0,05). Se puede concluir que cualquier alteración en el equilibrio energético del cuerpo, especialmente por la práctica de ejercicio y/o dieta alta en grasas puede influir en esos mecanismos moleculares y celulares que actúan para establecer una homeostasis estable

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GLUT4 mRNA in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in obese mice in response to endurance training. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. Eight mice (Normal Base [NB]) served as non-obese non-trained controls, and 32 mice were put on a high fat diet (HFD) regimen (60% kcal fat) for 12 weeks. At week 16, the obese mice were randomized into the following treatment groups (n = 8 each group): Obese Base [OB]; Low Intensity [LI]; High Intensity [HI]; or Obese Control [OC] groups. LI and HI trained for 5 days/week for 12 weeks on a motorized treadmill at 15 m/min on a 5% slope (for LI), and/or at 22 m/min on a 5% slope (for HI). OC mice were kept sedentarily in the cage during the training program. GLUT4 mRNA expression was measured in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles using a Real Time-PCR method. GLUT4 mRNA expression of soleus muscle in LI group increased about 2.2 fold, against about 1.6 fold for gastrocnemius (p < .05). In addition, GLUT4 mRNA expression of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in LI and HI groups were significantly higher than OB and OC groups (p < .05). It can be concluded that any disturbance in body energy balance, especially by exercise training and/or high fat diet can influence these molecular and cellular mechanisms that act to establish a stable homeostasis

Resistance training & beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on hormones / Treinamento de resistência e suplementação de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato em hormônios / Entrenamiento de resistencia y suplementación de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato en hormonas

RESUMOIntroduction:In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects.Objectives:To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training.Methods:Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data.Results:After the training period, there were no significant differen-ces between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05).Conclusion:Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.

ABSTRACTIntrodução:Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento no interesse sobre os efeitos da suplementação de beta-hidroxi--beta-metilbutirato (HMB) no musculoesquelético devido aos seus efeitos anticatabólicos.Objetivos:Investigar o efeito da suplementação de HMB na composição corporal, força muscular e hormônios anabólicos-catabólicos após treinamento de resistência.Métodos:Vinte atletas amadores do sexo masculino foram aleatoriamente designados a grupos de su-plemento e de controle em design cruzado duplo-cego, tendo participado de treinamento de resistência durante quatro semanas. Antes e depois do período de teste, foram obtidas amostras de sangue em jejum para determinar os hormônios anabólicos (o hormônio do crescimento e a testosterona) e catabólico (cortisol), tendo a massa adiposa, massa corporal magra (LBM) e força muscular sido mensuradas. Testes t dependentes e independentes foram usados para analisar os dados.Resultados:Após o período de treinamento, não houve nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos no que diz respeito à massa adiposa, LBM e hormônios anabólicos-catabólicos. A suplementação de HMB resultou em um ganho de força significativamente maior (p<0,05).Conclusão:O maior aumento na força no grupo HMB não foi acompanhado por alterações na composição corporal e alterações hormonais anabólicas-catabólicas basais na circulação. Parece que a suplementação de HMB pode ter efeitos benéficos sobre as adaptações neurológicas do ganho de força.

RESUMENIntroducción:En los últimos años hubo un aumento en el interés sobre los efectos de la suplementación de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato (HMB) en el músculo esquelético debido a sus efectos anticatabólicos.Objetivos:Investigar el efecto de la suplementación de HMB en la composición corporal, fuerza muscular y hormonas ana-bólicas-catabólicas después de entrenamiento de resistencia.Métodos:Veinte atletas amateurs del sexo masculino fueron aleatoriamente designados a grupos de suplemento y de control en un diseño cruzado doble ciego, habiendo participado en entrenamiento de resistencia durante cuatro semanas. Antes y después del período de test, fueron obtenidas muestras de sangre en ayunas para determinar las hormonas anabólicas (la hormona del crecimiento y la testosterona) y catabólica (cortisol), habiendo sido medidas la masa adiposa, masa corporal magra (LBM) y fuerza muscular. Los Tests-t dependientes e independientes fueron usados para analizar los datos.Resultados:Des-pués del período de entrenamiento, no hubo ninguna diferencia significativa entre los grupos en lo que se refiere a la masa adiposa, LBM y hormonas anabólicas-catabólicas. La suplementación de HMB resultó en un aumento de fuerza significativamente mayor (p<0,05).Conclusión:El mayor aumento en la fuerza en el grupo HMB no fue acompañado por alteraciones en la composición corporal y alteraciones hormonales anabólicas-catabólicas ba-sales en la circulación. Parece que la suplementación de HMB puede tener efectos benéficos sobre las adaptaciones neurológicas del aumento de fuerza.

Efectos de los períodos de reposo muy cortos en la relación de testosterona y cortisol durante ejercicios de alta resistencia en hombres / Effects of very short rest periods on testosterone to cortisol ratio during heavy resistance exercise in men

La relación entre la concentración de testosterona y cortisol (relación T/C) se suele utilizar como índice del nivel de esfuerzo en la práctica de ejercicio físico. Los cambios que se producen en esta relación son los responsables de varias reacciones al ejercicio, como la hipertrofia y el aumento de fuerza. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el efecto de 4 series de press banca y sentadillas hasta el fallo con 85% de 1 RM utilizando diferentes intervalos de reposo de 60 (P60), 90 (P90) y 120 (P120) segundos sobre la relación de testosterona y cortisol en hombres entrenados en ejercicios de resistencia. Diez hombres entrenados en ejercicios de resistencia por placer (edad: 22±2 años; peso: 84±8kg; altura: 178,5±8,5; con 1 año de experiencia como mínimo en ejercicios de resistencia [ER]) realizaron protocolos de ER en sesiones aleatorias por separado. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre antes del ejercicio (pre), inmediatamente después (post) y 30min después del fin de la sesión (30-post) para analizar las concentraciones séricas de testosterona y cortisol. Los resultados de este estudio indicaron que la relación T/C en el intervalo P60 fue significativamente más baja en post y 30-post en comparación con la previa al ejercicio (p≤0,05). La relación T/C después del ejercicio fue significativamente más alta en P120 que en P60 y P90 (p≤0,05), pero no se observaron diferencias entre P60 y P90. Los datos indican que el período de reposo largo entre series en ER hasta el fallo obtuvo un aumento mayor de la relación T/C que el período de reposo corto. La mejora de la relación T/C mediante períodos de reposo largos entre series indica un aumento del estado anabólico hasta el ER en hombres entrenados en ejercicios de resistencia(AU)

The ratio between testosterone and cortisol concentration (Ts/Co ratio) is frequently used as an index of the stress level in exercise training. Changes in this ratio are responsible for several training responses such as hypertrophy and strength gain. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 sets of bench press and squat to failure with %85 of 1RM using different rest intervals of 60 (P60), 90 (P90) and 120 (P120) second on testosterone to cortisol ratio in resistance trained men. Ten recreationally resistance-trained men (age, 22±2 years; weight, 84±8kg; height, 178.5±8.5; at least 1 year of resistance exercise [RE] experience) performed RE protocols on randomized separating session. Blood draws occurred at pre-exercise (Pre); immediately after (Post) and 30min after the end of the session (30Post) for measurement serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations. The results of this study indicated that Ts/Co ratio in P60 trail was significantly lower at post and 30min post compare to pre-exercise (p≤0.05). The Ts/Co ratio at post exercise was significantly higher in P120 than P60 and P90 (p≤0.05), but no difference was found between P60 and P90. The data indicate that long rest period between sets in RE to failure resulted in a grater increase in Ts/Co ratio than short rest period between sets in RE. The enhanced in Ts/Co ratio by long rest period between sets, indicating an augmented anabolic state to RE in resistance trained men(AU)