[The influence of citoflavin on molecular mechanisms of hypertensive encephalopathy development in patients with systolic arterial hypertension].

The molecular pharmacological effects of cytoflavin in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) and isolated systolic arterial hypertension (ISAH) have been investigated using the following methods: assessment of complaints, 24-hour arterial pressure monitoring, ultrasound diagnostics including echocardiography, measurement of lipid profiles and coagulograms, and molecular phenotyping by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. A combination of cytoflavin administration with standard therapy of HE and ISAH led to the most expressed return development of clinical symptoms, restoration of the hemodynamic, structural, and geometrical parameters of cardiovascular system, and normalization of the indices of lipid profiles and coagulograms in comparison to patients with HE and ISAH, which accepted only standard therapy. Molecular mechanisms of cytoflavin action have been revealed, which include control of the activity of cellular signaling pathways by means of intermolecular interactions. The optimized therapy of HE and ISAH is recommended for clinical application, which assumes a combined use of standard therapy and cytoflavin and provides a geroprotective action upon the cardiovascular system.

[The therapeutic efficacy of cycloferon and the pharmacological activity of interferon inducers].

The review describes endogenous interferon inductors that belong to antiviral drugs and contain different chemical compounds. Among the groups identified by the authors, there are promising and most effective medicines inducing different types of interferon in the body, as well as their mechanism of action. The paper shows the synthesis of endogenous interferon and the level of its accumulation in the organs and tissues. The clinical effects of methylglucamine acridonacetate (cycloferon) are depicted in patients with major viral (influenza, acute respiratory viral and arboviral infections, and viral hepatitis) and bacterial (brucellosis, tuberculosis) infections, or endometrial hyperplastic processes. Cycloferon is shown to be used as an etiotropic and antipathogenic drug.

[Reamberin optimizes drug therapy in children with acute Epstein-Barr viral infection].

The efficacy of a 1.5% reamberin solution possessing detoxicating, antihypoxant, antioxidant, and membrane-protective properties, used as a component of the complex infusion therapy in children with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, has been estimated. The dynamics of the inflammatory process in children treated by the drug complex including reamberin is characterized by rapid relief of general symptoms, improvement of state, and reduction in length of the febrile period of disease as compared to patients treated with glucose-saline solutions and basic therapy. The administration of reamberin in children contributed to the early elimination of metabolic shifts by the period of convalescence, as evidenced by improvement in some laboratory parameters, including protein-synthesis function of the liver.

[Pharmacological prophylaxis and treatment of recidivating respiratory disorders in children].

Interferon is the most important mediator of natural immunity, which suggests the use of interferon inducers as therapeutic and preventive agents in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) in children classified into a group of sickly and repeated-ARD patients. The article describes cycloferon--a drug belonging to the group of endogenous interferon inductor--and its mechanism of action, shows its prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in children with recurrent ARDs. The clinical and pharmacological effectiveness of cycloferon has been confirmed by studying the proteomic profiles of blood plasma in sickly children.

[Interferon inductor activity and interferon production under the action of acridonacetic acid salts].

Peculiarities of the kinetics of accumulation and duration of circulation of three types of interferon under the action of acridonacetic acid salts have been studied. Optimum doses of meglumine salt of acridonacetic acid are established, which ensure efficient and consistent induction of three interferon types, ensuring their prolonged circulation in the blood.

[The study of the effectiveness of drug prevention mechanisms of cardiovascular aging by cytoflavin].

The aim of the research was the search of the mechanism of Cytoflavin action in patients with isolated systolic arterial hypertension (ISAH) as the aging model. The following research methods were applied: the assessment of complaints, 24-hour arterial pressure monitoring, ultrasound diagnostic, volume sphygmography, lipid profiles and coagulogram, molecular phenotyping by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS. The combination of Cytoflavin with standard therapy of ISAH led to the most expressed return development of clinical symptoms, the restoration of the haemodynamics, structural and geometrical parameters of cardiovascular system, indicators lipid profiles and coagulogram in the comparison with patients with ISAH, who accepted standard therapy and those of the control groups. Molecular mechanisms of Cytoflavin action, including regulation of the activity of cell signaling pathways through intermolecular interactions were found. We recommend using Cytoflavin together with the standard therapy in treatment of ISAH, which provides the action of geroprotectors for cardiovascular system.

[Induction of type 1, 2 and 3 interferons by acridone acetates].

The induction profile of endogenous interferons of three types under the action of meglumine acridone acetate and sodium acridone acetate, as well as the characteristics of the kinetics of their accumulation and circulation in the blood of experimental animals are described. Meglumine acridone acetate provided balance in induction, production and circulation of the interferons in the blood vs. sodium aeridone acetate under the same conditions. The optimal dose of meglumine acridone acetate (2.0-3.5 mg/mouse) with effective, consecutive and overlapping induction-production of the interferons ensured their prolonged (for 72 hours) circulation in the blood after a single administration.

[Cycloferon in therapy of hyperplastic laryngitis for decrease of the number of relapses].

The article describes the clinical forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, characterized by persistent and recurrent course, a tendency to the formation of oncological pathology, at the expense of hyperplastic changes in the larynx, leading to a malignancy of the inflammatory process. It was demonstrated the bacterization of larynx by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Mycoplasma in imbalance of system of interferon. Clinical recovery, depending on the clinical form of the disease, using cycloferon, was observed in 57.4% of patients. The inclusion in the complex of the medical support of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis inducer of interferon - cycloferon, provided the reduction of the number of relapses.

[The study of dynamics of clinical and molecular phenotypes in the generalized form of myasthenia with optimized and combined treatment].

The aim of the study was the research of clinical and molecular phenotypes in the generalized form of myasthenia with optimized treantment, which includes the application of basic mode of the treatment and meglumine sodium succinate, and also the combined mode of the treatment, which includes the mode of the treatment and meglumine sodium succinate and ozonotherapy. The most epressed improvement of indicators of the clinical and neurologic status (the eliminaton of motoring breakdown, eye movement disrders, the weaknesses of mimic, respiratory and chewing muscles, bulbar syndrome, the doubling in eye and ptosis, pharyngeal violations and increase in volume of movement of eyes) was observed in the group of patients receiving the combined therapy. The reduction of the epressiveness of the defeat of the neuromotor device and the decrement of the amplitude of the various degree of M-answer in patients with myasthenla is revealed in the application of the combined therapy in the comparison with the application of the basic and optimized therapy. For the first time we have investigaed the dynamics of the intensity of the expression of specfic peptides and proteins in blood serum in patients with the application of basic therapy, reamberin and ozonotherapy, which have allowed to open the new mechanisms of the efficiency ofthe combined therapy of the disease.

[Syndrome "sickly child"].

Scientific review is devoted to the urgent problem of child health care--Syndrome "sickly child" described in detail the category of "frequently ill children" repeated respiratory diseases, the pathogens that cause diseases of the respiratory tract. Paying attention to factors contributing to re-respiratory morbidity, including genetically determined causes (disturbances in the state of health of the mother), is represented by the genetic determinism of repeated and recurrent diseases related to blood groups. The development of an immune imbalance is manifested by changes in the cellular, humoral immune response and nonspecific resistance factors characterizing the changes of local immunity in this category of children that shape the development of chronic disease. We describe the effect of an allergic component to the severity of respiratory disease and the relationship with the mechanisms of neuroendocrine and immune systems. Correction of the immune resistance of sickly children was conducted cycloferon contributing to reduce the incidence and duration of repeated episodes of acute respiratory infections per year.

[Meglumine acridonacetate in combined antiviral treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B].

647 patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B who have not previously received antiviral therapy were participated in randomized, post-marketing, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Interferon inducer cycloferon was presented as study drug. 323 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) with "wild" HBeAg(+) strain of HBV were treated with cycloferon and Lamivudin for 48 weeks. Control group included 324 patients with similar pathology, treated with Lamivudin and placebo for 48 weeks. The study has shown the benefit of cycloferon+lamivudin treatment in comparison with lamivudin monotherapy. Improving of liver histology in 48 weeks of the therapy was observed in 71% of patients in Study group in comparison with 57% in control group (p<0.01). Combined therapy has resulted in decrease of relapse by 24 week of the follow-up period (13% vs. 86%, p<0.001). The higher efficacy of cycloferon+lamivudin in patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B has proven the role of own antiviral effect of interferon inducer cycloferon, interferon effect of cycloferon in the elimination of virus-infected hepatocytes, as well as the presence of an immunomodulatory effect of the preparation, aimed at the elimination of HBeAg and HBsAg with the following seroconversion. 48-week course of combined antiviral therapy of HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B is recommended as first-line therapy for patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, who have not previously received nucleoside analogues, as well as alternative therapy of Lamivudin-refractory patients.

[Professional medical education in Russia].

There is a tendency to increase the role of education process in the life of the individual, caused by necessity of new knowledge, experience and skills, which is the effective measure to adapt human being to the current social and economic conditions. The idea of education as a relatively short period of life is gone. It becomes obvious, that use of forms and types of adult education becomes limited and inefficient. The development of the modern education system involves training with a high level of independence and leadership of the individual student; provision by vocational education institutions a wide range of educational services; adequate to the needs of the labor market; variability of methods and forms of education; active use of the modern educational technology as one of the most convenient ways of training.

[Experience of using reamberin for detoxification therapy at the stage of deworming in children with chronic opisthorchiasis].

The study presents data on the reversible aggregation of erythrocytes in 50 children with chronic opisthorchiasis and 45 children with inflammatory diseases of the upper digestive tract without opisthorchiasis (chronic gastroduodenitis, duodenal ulcers), all patients aged from 7 to 17 years. The results of using reamberin for detoxification therapy at the stage of deworming in children with chronic opisthorchiasis are assessed.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of immunomodulating therapy in children with chronic gastroduodenitis].

The article assesses the effectiveness of administering immunomodulating drug cycloferon in patients aged 10 to 16 years with chronic gastroduodenitis. It is established that the use of cycloferon in children with virus-associated chronic gastroduodenitis leads to a significant increase in T- and B-lymphocyte populations in mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum, and contributes to the elimination of viruses. This results in reduced severity and activity of inflammation in the mucous membranes and decreases clinical manifestations of the disease.

[Influence of therapy with interferon inducer on the parameters of quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The evaluation of quality of life using a questionnaire--Version 2 of the "SF-36 Health Survey" was performed in 144 patients with widespread pulmonary tuberculosis. The low level of "quality of life" was revealed in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with healthy persons. It is caused by limiting physical activity, reducing the psychological component due to low vitality and mental health. By the end of the second month of chemotherapy, the changes are saved (PE, RP) and even exacerbated (RE, MN) in patients with MDR MBT. Combined therapy with Cycloferon improves physical activity of patients without MDR MBT. In this case, the mental health of the patient is perceived positively due to increasing the emotional activity, more expressed in patients without MDR MBT and minimization emotional problems related to the disease in patients with MDR MBT.

[Efficiency of remaxol in preventing unwanted side effects of the antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

The article briefly addresses issues pertaining to the problem of complications encountered in antiviral therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Data on the effectiveness of remaxol as a means of preventing the development of complication in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C in early stages of antiviral treatment.

[Results and prospects of interferone inducers using in infectious diseases treatment].

There is represented the current classification of interferon inducers of various chemical groups related to antiviral agents, described the mechanisms of synthesis of different types of endogenous interferon in blood serum. The effectiveness of methylglucamine acridonacetates in integrated treatment of chronic hepatitis C, tuberculosis with HIV infection background, chronic brucellosis, arboviral diseases, including West Nile fever, as well as influenza and acute respiratory infections are shown. For successful treatment of acute and chronic diseases with endogenous interferon inducers should be applied as early as possible, at an average level of viremia , to enhance the effect of drugs with the directed etiotropic action and immunomodulators, which achieves the optimal pharmacotherapeutic effect.

[Correction of immunity dysbalance in children with frequent recurrent respiratory infection].

Children with frequent recurrent acute respiratory infections represent an actual medical and social problem. Frequent respiratory infections provoke the host lower immunity, disturbance of the compensatory-adaptative mechanisms, impairment of the physical and neuropsychic development of the child, the social disadaptation, chronic pathologic processes in the respiratory organs. High efficacy of cycloferon in correction of the immune and interferon responses in the frequently ill children was noted.

[Comparative efficacy of etiotropic therapy of patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (by the data of the international comparative placebo-controlled study)].

Comparative placebo-controlled study entrolled 647 patients with verified diagnosis of chronic virus hepatitis B (HBeAg+), not previously subjected to antiviral therapy (with nucleotide analogues or interferons). The drug under the investigation was cycloferon, an earlier interferon inductor. The antiviral combination therapy of the main group patients (323 subjects) included the use of cycloferon + lamivudine for 48 weeks and the therapy of the control group patients (324 subjects) included the use of lamivudine + placebo for 48 weeks. The cycloferon and lamividine combination antiviral therapy was shown preferable vs. the lamivudine + placebo therapy by biochemical remission, virusological response, seroconversion by HBeAg by the 48th week of the treatment and HBsAg clearance. The conbination therapy provided lower frequency of the relapses within 24 weeks of the observation. The higher efficacy of the antiviral combination therapy was evident of the impact of the antiviral activity of cycloferon itself and its immunomodulating and interferon-inducing activity on elimination of the virus-infected hepatocytes. The use of the 48-week course of the antiviral combination therapy is advisable as the prime treatment in the management of patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis not previously treated with nucleoside analogues and as a variant of therapy for lamivudine-refractory patients.

[Cycloferon in complex therapy management of chronic laryngitis].

The clinical course of various forms of chronic laryngitis, including contact granulomas not only persistant and relapsing, but also inclined to oncologic pathology due to hyperplastic changes in the larynx resulting in malignization was described. Inhibition of the leukocyte interferon-synthesizing activity was observed in more than 88.1% of the subjects. Pathogenic viruses were isolated from 48.2% of the patients, EBV and mycoplasma prevailing. High direct correlation between chronic laryngitis and Herpes viruses was shown. The presence of three-component virus associations in the larynx mucosa was likely indicative of the bening process malignancy. The use of the interferon inductor cycloferon in the complex surgical and medicamentous management of chronic laryngitis was shown valid. The rate of the relapses lowered to 1.7 episodes a year.