RÉSUMÉ
This study explores the microstructural characteristics of gadolinium (Gd)-rich phases in titanium (Ti) alloys through comprehensive electron microscopy analysis. The Ti alloys were produced using plasma arc melting and subsequently hot-forged. Elaborate material characterization, including scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, revealed the formation of round or angular Gd oxides and elongated Gd-rich grains within the alloy. High-magnification transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of the FCC-type γ-Gd phase, influenced by the oxygen intake during casting, coexisting with Gd2O3 due to their similar crystal structures. The study also observed internal twins in the Gd grains, potentially delaying the transformation to the stable α-Gd phase. The significant mechanical property differences between the Gd-rich phases and the Ti matrix caused defects at phase interfaces during hot processing, weakening the Gd phase. This work enhances the understanding of Gd phase formation and its implications on the mechanical properties of Ti-Gd alloys.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: We examined the relationships of compassion satisfaction and fatigue among shift nurses on nursing engagement activities related to patient safety with the aim of improving shift nurses' physical and psychological aspects in order to use the findings as a basis to enhance nurses' engagement in activities related to patient safety. Methods: The data collection period for this cross-sectional study was from Nov 21, 2019, to Jan 3, 2020. A convenience sample of 280 shift nurses who were working for more than six months at three tertiary hospitals in Korea was used. Collected data comprised general and job-related characteristics of subjects, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and patient safety nursing activities. SPSS was used for statistical analysis, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between shift nurses' compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and patient safety nursing activities. Results: Compassion satisfaction had the greatest impact on engagement in nursing activities related to patient safety (ß= .32, P<.001), followed by compassion fatigue. Higher compassion satisfaction and lower compassion fatigue indicates a higher engagement in patient safety-related nursing activities (ß= -.15, P<.008). Conclusion: In order to maximize compassion satisfaction and reduce compassion fatigue among shift nurses, it is important for health policymakers to improve their welfare system and create a supportive environment where negative emotions can be expressed freely and accepted positively.
RÉSUMÉ
This study aims to investigate the levels of burnout, compassion satisfaction (CS), and patient safety management activities (PSMA) among nurses on shift work in general hospitals and to examine the mediating effect of CS on the relationship between burnout and PSMA. This was a descriptive-correlational study, conducted with a convenience sample of 301 nurses from four general hospitals. Data were collected from 1 August to 4 September 2021, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analyses. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny, and Sobel Tests. Significant relationships were found between shift nurses' burnout and CS (r = -0.66, p < 0.001), burnout and PSMA (r = -0.32, p < 0.001), and PSMA and CS (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). Compassion satisfaction showed partial mediating effects on the relationship between burnout and PSMA (Z = -3.21, p = 0.001). The higher the burnout of shift-working nurses, the lower the patient safety management activity. Therefore, an effective support system at the organizational level as well as individual efforts are necessary to enhance CS and reduce burnout of shift-working nurses.