ASSESSMENT OF LASER AND ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY EFFICACY IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS.

Chronic generalized parodontitis is one of the most prevalent disorders among diseases of oral cavity, making the search for optimal treatment modalities of this disorder one of the mostressing matters to this day.  The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of conventional therapy and secondary prevention of chronic generalized parodontitis with in combination with use of laser therapy and antioxidant drug treatment.   The study is presented as a joint multi-site investigation conducted by the group of authors from St. Petersburg and Saransk medical teaching and clinical institutions. The aim of the study was to improve the treatment and secondary prevention of chronic generalized parodontitis based on a pathogenetically substantiated scheme of laser and antioxidant therapy.   The total of 98 patients (31 male and 67 female) aged 30-50 years) with the 3 to 10 year history of moderate chronic generalized parodontitis were selected for the prospective study.  All patients were approximately equally divided into three groups according to the received treatment regimens: conventional treatment, laser therapy, and laser therapy with antioxidant medication. Several clinical indices were utilized for parodontal tissue assessment (PMA, SBI, AP), resistance of gingival capillary bed, osteal resorption. The lipid peroxide oxidation was determined by MDA, Fe2+ MDA  and phospholipase A2.   Additional implementation of laser and metabolic therapies sufficiently increases efficacy of conventional therapy and improves secondary prevention of chronic parodontitis. A marked decrease in structural-functional deviations and apparent recovery of microcirculatory vascular bed of parodontal tissue has been achieved. .

[The forensic medical aspects of the perinatal losses from intrauterine infections]. / Sudebno-meditsinskie aspekty perinatal'nykh poter' ot vnutriutrobnykh infektsii.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of intrauterine infections to the loss of fetuses and newborn babies and to elucidate the cause-and-effect relationships between the unfavourable outcomes of pregnancies and the actions of the attending medical personnel. The main group of the patients included in the study was comprised of 28 women whose pregnancy ended in stillbirths (13 cases) and infant death during the neonatal period (15 cases) in the association with intrauterine infections (IUI). The control group consisted of 11 practically healthy women with the physiological course of pregnancy and parturition matched to those of the main group in terms of age, parity, and social status. Special attention was given to the possibilities of prevention of neonatal deaths and the severity of harm to the health of mother and child. Examination of the patients of the main group revealed multiple infectious foci in the body affecting various organs and their systems including the urogenital tract. The premature birth occurred in 46.4% of the women presenting with fetal-placental insufficiency. They gave birth to the babies with a low weight for gestational age in the state of asphyxia that required the application of the resuscitation procedures and intensive therapy. The present study has shown that the immediate cause of fetal and neonatal deaths was multiple organ dysfunction associated with intrauterine infections. No direct relationship between the unfavourable outcomes of pregnancy and the actions of the medical personnel was documented in the majority of the cases (89.3%). It is concluded that the main factors responsible for tanatogenesis were the character and severity of the difficult to diagnose pathological process.

[VIRAL INFECTIONS: HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND GENITAL HERPES TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 AS A CAUSE OF CHRONIC RECURRENT CYSTITIS WITH SEVERE DYSURIA IN WOMEN WITH URETHRAL HYPERMOBILITY AND HYPOSPADIAS].

Female hypospadias presenting as a misplaced urethral opening is a common cause of chronic recurrent cystitis. Cystitis occurs when urogenital infection and anaerobic bacteria enter the urethra and bladder from the vagina. The authors argue that chronic infections of the lower urinary tract in women with hypospadias should be treated surgically by meatal transposition. They present a study confirming the role of the antiviral drug Panavir in prevention of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period in patients with a history of viral infection (human papillomavirus and herpes).

[The method for early diagnosis of the gastric cancer based metabolomics research].

This paper deals with the questions of the usage of metabolomics research results in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The central idea metabolomics is to identify the specific biomarkers in a biological sample used in a diagnostics this disease. The volatile organic compounds--metabolites isolated from the urine samples from patients are considered as biomarkers. The paper also describes main methods of separation and identification of volatile organic compounds (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry) applied in metabolomics. The paper presents some results of laboratory research aimed at the detection of biomarkers of gastric cancer. The presented material will be of some help in solving the problems of early diagnosis of this disease.

The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) experiment for NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory.

We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of water in the martian subsurface along the path of the MSL rover.

[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): an experience with treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis of the liver].

TIPS procedures have been successfully performed in 18 of 21 patients aged 34-64 (mean age 40 years) with cirrhosis of the liver with acute gastroesophageal bleedings (5) or history of bleeding episodes from gastroesophageal varices (13). The patients were classified according to Child (1964): A--4; B--8 and C--6. The portal pressure before creation of the shunt measured 17-39 (mean 28.1 +/- 7.6) mm Hg. Dilation of the hepatic tissue was performed by a balloon 10 mm in diameter and 4-6 cm long with placement of metallic endoprostheses 10-12 mm in diameter and 80 mm long. The portal pressure after anastomoses were made dropped to 6-28 (mean 20.3 +/- 5.7) mm Hg. The angiogram showed a rapid flow of the contrast medium through the portocaval anastomosis towards the right heart and no filling of the esophageal veins was seen. TIPS procedure is an effective measure to stop variceal gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. The necessity of regular surveillance and reinterventions makes this approach a temporary measure to reduce hazardous consequences of gastroesophageal hemorrhages.

[Hypospadia in females].

Hypospadia is a frequent birth deformity consisting in fissure of the posterior (lower) wall of the urethra. Hypospadia is characterized by shortening of the urethra and ectopia of the external urethral opening. This deformity often occurs in women but is rarely diagnosed because physicians are not well-informed about female hypospadia. Classification of anatomic variants of female hypospadia proposed by the authors includes low vaginal ectopia of the external urethral opening; high vaginal ectopia of the external opening of the urethra; urovaginal (vesicovaginal) fusion of the neck of the urinary bladder with vagina accompanied with enuresis; urogenital sinus in females (ectopia of the external urethral opening in the urogenital sinus); any of the above variants of female hypospadia in combination with false or true hermaphroditism. All the variants of female hypospadia must be surgically corrected as transposition of the external opening of the urethra from the vagina on the perineum under the clitoris in chronic urethritis, cystitis and vulvovaginitis or as urethroplasty in enuresis. Hypospadia, urogenital sinus and hermaphroditism--three anomalies of human urogenital system--combine rather frequently.

Application of neutron generators for high explosives, toxic agents and fissile material detection.

The portable pulsed neutron generators developed and designed by VNIIA are presented. The neutron methods are good tools for non-destructive assay of dangerous materials. The samples of various systems for the detection of high explosives in luggage, identification of toxic agents in chemical munitions, and also for the prevention of illicit trafficking of fissile elements in passengers' luggage are discussed.

[Intravascular repair in extended arterial occlusive lesions (a preliminary communication)]. / Vnutrisosudistaia rekonstruktsiia pri protiazhennykh okkliuziruiushchikh porazheniiakh arterii (predvaritel'noe soobshchenie).

Subintimal recanalization as a procedure of percutaneous vascular repair is under study now. The Regional Clinical Hospital has performed 10 procedures of subintimal angioplasty in patients with extended total occlusions of iliac and femoral arteries. All the patients had presented with critical ischemia of the lower extremities with the mean humeromalleolar index of 0.24+/-0.08. A technical success was achieved in 8 patients in whom the mean humeromalleolar index was 0.37+/-0.09. There were no procedure-associated complications.

Prospects for efficient detectors for fast neutron imaging.

A physical model describing in detail the process of fast neutron imaging in luminescent screens is presented. The detection quantum efficiency, luminosity and inherent spatial resolution of the screen were calculated using this model. Properties of transparent and disperse screens were compared. Two imaging systems were suggested to improve the detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A stack consisting of alternating neutron converters and image plates can help in obtaining both high spatial resolution and efficiency. A system containing a screen of special form and a diaphragm can be of use especially in the case of the fan beam.

[Original nitinol monowire stent for percutaneous iliac arterial reconstructions]. / Original'nyi stent iz mononiti nitinola v chreskozhnoi rekonstruktsii arterii podvzdoshnogo segmenta.

Nitinol monowire stents of original construction were implanted to 35 patients (aged from 36 to 84, mean 53.9) with atherosclerotic lesions of iliac arteries. Arterial stenosis ranged from 50% to 100% (mean 72.2%), ankle-brachial index (ABI) averaged 0.45+/-0.12. Initial success was achieved in 97.1% of procedures. Ultrasonography 3 days since the procedure showed the increase of ABI up to 0.78+/-0.16. Restenoses in the stented site was revealed during follow-up period (mean 24.3+/-18.3 months) in 3 patients (8.3%). In conclusion, new stent appeared to be effective tool for treatment of iliac atherosclerotic lesions. However long-term restenoses resulting from intimal hyperplasia can require repetitive revascularization.

[A case of urethral transposition and vaginoplasty in the presence of urogenital sinus in women]. / Sluchai transpozitsii uretry i plastiki vlagalishcha pri nalichii mochepolovogo sinusa u zhenshchin.

A case of female false hermaphroditism is reported in a 30-year-old woman with urogenital sinus. This woman has undergone vaginoplasty and urethral transposition. The latter is not usually made in women with urogenital sinus. This leads to the position of the external urethral ostium in the depth of the newly formed vagina and, finally, to ectopia of the external urethral ostium or hypospadia. The result is that such woman suffers all life from urethritis, cystitis and vulvovaginitis.

[Metallic endoprostheses in the treatment of benign strictures of the biliary tract]. / Metallicheskie éndoprotezy v lechenii dobrokachestvennykh striktur biliarnogo trakta.

Nine original nitinol self-smoothing-out stents and 3 Gianturco stents were implanted to treat benign strictures of biliary ducts and biliodigestive anastomosis after ineffective repeated attempts to make balloon dilatation. There were no complications associated with the implantation procedure. The follow-up of patients varied from 3 to 26 months. After 4 months, reobturation was revealed at the site of repair in one case, which required implantation of an additional stent coated with polytetrafluoroethylene. The patency of the biliary tract was preserved in the remaining patients in the above period.

[Variants of hermaphroditism (clinical findings)]. / Varianty germafroditizma (klinicheskie nabliudeniia).

False and true hermaphroditism (FH and TH) are often encountered in surgery for hypospadia. A clinically validated classification of various types and variants of hermaphroditism is proposed. FH is divided into male FH and female FH. TH also falls into two categories: TH without anomalies of external genitalia and that with these anomalies. The latter category has three variants: 1) all genitalia of males or females and some genitalia of the other sex; 2) some female and male organs in various combinations; 3) all organs of both sexes. All TH variants are illustrated by 5 case reports. These patients were thoroughly examined and their sex was surgically corrected.

[Endovascular intrahepatic portacaval shunting]. / Endovaskuliarnoe vnutripechenochnoe portokaval'noe shuntirovanie.

Pilot experience in Russia of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting is presented. Results of endovascular shunting in 14 patients with cirrhosis of the liver were analyzed. Four patients underwent emergency endovascular shunting when conservative treatment was not effective. Ten patients underwent elective surgery. Repeated esophagealgastric bleedings were indications for shunting. Relapse of bleeding was seen in 1 patient 5 days after surgery. Regular dopplerography permitted to reveal timely stenotic process. When stenosis of portosystemic shunt was diagnosed, ambulatory balloon dilatation of anastomosis through transjugular approach was performed. It was enough for opening of anastomosis lumen and decrease of pressure gradient.

[Crimean hemorrhagic fever in the Rostov region: epidemiological zoning and the activity of natural foci]. / Krymskaia gemorragicheskaia likhoradka v Rostovskoi oblasti: épidemiologicheskoe raionirovanie i aktivnost' prirodnogo ochaga.

The epidemiological zoning of the territory of the Rostov region has been made with the use of the epidemic process patterns and the data indicating the links between the landscape and the natural focus of infection. The spread of infected ticks has been established. The participation of several carrier species in the circulation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus has been confirmed. The mosaic character of their distribution and different levels of their contamination is of great prognostic importance. These data will be used for the improvement of epidemiological surveillance in working out the tactics of epizootological surveys and organization of prophylactic measures.