RÉSUMÉ
To determine markers of Taenia solium transmission and risk factors in an urban community, we studied 1,000 soldiers from a military camp in Mexico City and their relatives. Serum samples were used to detect antigens and antibodies and fecal specimens were examined for Taenia coproantigens and helminth eggs. Prevalences of 12.2% and 5.8% for cysticercosis were found among soldiers and their relatives, respectively. Taeniasis was found in 0.5% and none of the groups, respectively. Relatives of soldiers positive for cysticercosis and taeniasis markers ate more pork from street stores than restaurants or markets compared with relatives of soldiers without these indicators of infection. Also, 12.0% of the relatives of positive soldiers had a history of expelling tapeworm proglottids in the feces in contrast to 3.7% of the family members of the control group. Prevalence values and risk factors in this urban population are similar to those of previous studies performed in rural populations.
Sujet(s)
Cysticercose/épidémiologie , Personnel militaire , Taeniase/épidémiologie , Santé en zone urbaine , Adulte , Animaux , Anticorps antihelminthe/sang , Antigènes d'helminthe/sang , Technique de Western , Études transversales , Cysticercose/parasitologie , Test ELISA , Santé de la famille , Fèces/parasitologie , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Mexique/épidémiologie , Numération des oeufs de parasites , Prévalence , Facteurs de risque , Taenia/croissance et développement , Taenia/isolement et purification , Taeniase/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
The outcome of mediastinal reconstruction during the past 10 years at the "Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez" (INCIC), Mexico City was compared. A total of 7136 patients were submitted to open heart surgery. Eighty-two patients (1.15 percent) developed mediastinitis, and 33 patients (0.46 percent) developed sternal osteomyelitis. Only patients who developed mediastinitis with sternal osteomyelitis were included in the study. Reconstruction was performed either with a major omentum flap (12 patients) or a pectoralis major flap (21 patients). The sepsis-related mortality rate was higher in the pectoralis group (28.6 percent) than in the omentum group (0 percent) (p < 0.05). All of the postoperative deaths of the pectoralis group were caused by septic shock; in the omentum group, there were no such deaths. It is concluded that mediastinal reconstruction using the omentum flap in patients with mediastinitis secondary to open heart surgery is associated with fewer septic complications than using the pectoralis major flap.
Sujet(s)
Médiastinite/chirurgie , Infections à staphylocoques/chirurgie , Lambeaux chirurgicaux , Procédures de chirurgie cardiaque , Études cas-témoins , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Médiastinite/étiologie , Adulte d'âge moyen , Ostéomyélite/étiologie , Ostéomyélite/chirurgie , Infections à staphylocoques/étiologie , Sternum/chirurgie , Infection de plaie opératoire/chirurgie , Résultat thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
The presence of serum antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica was detected by indirect hemagglutination in a representative sample of the 32 federal entities of the Mexican Republic. This study was designed to include biologic, geographic, social, economic, and educational variables. The total percentage of positive sera was 8.41%. Seroprevalence varied with geographic zones, with the South Central, South Pacific, and Yucatan Peninsula areas showing the highest values (> or = 9%), and the North, Northeast, and Gulf of Mexico areas showing the lowest values (< or = 8.0%). Seroprevalence of anti-E. histolytica antibodies seemed to increase from the northern regions to the southern areas of Mexico. These results indicated that amebiasis is endemic in the Mexican Republic, with areas of high seroprevalence not related to climatic conditions. Exposure to infectious contact with E. histolytica occurred at all ages, with a higher frequency at school age.