Evaluation of S100A12 and Apo-A1 plasma level potency in untreated new relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their family members.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord and brain. Receptor for advanced glycation end products and Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-AI) have been recommended to have a pathogenic role in the neuroinflammatory disorder as multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this research was to measure the plasma levels of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the first-degree family of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Plasma levels of S100A12 & Apo-A1 were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the thirty-five new cases of untreated patients with deterministic RRMS according to the McDonald criteria, twenty-four healthy controls, and twenty-six first-degree members of untreated RRMS patients (called them as high-risk group). The main findings of this study were as follows: the plasma level of S100A12 was significantly lower in the new cases of untreated RRMS (P ≤ 0.05; 0.045) and high-risk (P ≤ 0.05; 0.001) groups. Although the plasma protein level of Apo-A1 was reduced significantly in the high-risk group (P < 0.05, P = 0.003) as compared to the healthy control group, there was no significant difference in the untreated RRMS patients (P = 0.379). The plasma level of vitamin D3 in both RRMS patients and high-risk groups displayed significance reduction, although, there was no significant association between vitamin D and S100A12 & Apo-A1 levels. Given the role of S100A12 and Apo-A1 in the inflammatory process performed in the first-degree family members of the RRMS patients, which revealed a significant decrease in this group, we concluded that they can be considered as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of MS, though more research is needed before assuming them as predictive biomarkers.

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 plasma levels in untreated new Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their first-degree family.

Matrix metalloproteinase, especially Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has vital roles in the disruption of blood barrier, neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The goal of this study is to estimate the plasma levels of MMP-9 in the first-degree family of MS patients. 35 untreated patients with definite RRMS (Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis) according to the McDonald criteria, 24 healthy controls (HC) and 26 high-risk families of untreated RRMS patients were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of MMP-9 were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Although the plasma protein levels of MMP-9 were elevated significantly in the untreated RRMS group (P < 0.05, P = 0.0203) as compared to the control group, but the family of MS patients was not significance (P = 0.208). The mean plasma MMP-9 concentration for HC, untreated RRMS and high-risk group was 322.268 pg/ml, 611.926 pg/ml and 518.939 pg/ml respectively. MMP-9 was used to understand the role of this biomarker in the pathogenesis of MS in the high-risk group. It found that plasma levels of MMP-9 in the new cases of MS were increased considerably. Confirming the importance of MMP-9 as a predictive marker in the high-risk group will be needed more researches.