Synthesis and characterization of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: study of their antibacterial activity and CT-DNA binding.

1,3,4-Thiadiazole molecules (1-4) were synthesized by the reaction of phenylthiosemicarbazide and methoxy cinnamic acid molecules in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, and characterized with UV, FT-IR, 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR methods. DFT calculations (b3lyp/6-311++G(d,p)) were performed to investigate the structures' geometry and physiochemical properties. Their antibacterial activity was screened for various bacteria strains such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli ATCC 13048, Salmonella kentucky, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus and Gram positive such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, alfa Streptococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium and found to have an inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus hominis, while molecules 1, 3 and 4 had an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis and alpha Streptococcus haemolyticus. The experimental results were supported by the docking study using the Kinase ThiM from Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the investigated compounds showed an inhibitory effect for the Staphylococcus epidermidis protein. In addition, the mechanism of the 1-4 molecule interaction with calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopic methods.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an old but resurgent problem.

Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects the lungs, but some of its most devastating clinical consequences arise because of its ability to spread from the lungs to other organs. Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) constitutes 15-20% of all TB cases. Imaging findings are not always specific and can mimic many diseases; therefore, EPTB should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly in patients with immune system disorders (AIDS, patients receiving chemotherapy, etc.) and those in other high-risk groups including people with diabetes. The bacterium's passage to the regional lymph nodes is essential for developing a protective T-cell-mediated immune response, but the bacterium can spread hematologically and via the lymphatic system, leading to extrapulmonary involvement. Diagnosis of EPTB in high-risk patients is made based on suspected clinical and radiological findings, but further positive culture and histopathological confirmation may be required in some instances. Radiological evaluations are critical for diagnosis and crucial in planning the treatment and follow-up. This paper aims to review the typical and atypical imaging features and the differential diagnosis of EPTB.

Carbazochrome carbon nanotube as drug delivery nanocarrier for anti-bleeding drug: quantum chemical study.

The interaction between drugs and single-walled carbon nanotubes is proving to be of fundamental interest for drug system of delivery and nano-bio-sensing. In this study, the interaction of pristine CNT with carbazochrome, an anti-hemorrhagic or hemostatic agent, was investigated with M06-2X functional and 6-31G* basis set. All probable positions of related adsorption for these kind drugs were thought-out to find out which one is energetically suitable. Based on the achieved data, the stronger interactions appeared the oxygen atom of C = O group and nitrogen atom of imine groups. The topology analysis of QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in a molecule) method was accomplished to understand the properties of interactions between the CNT and carbazochrome. Frontier molecular orbital energies of all systems, global index including stiffness, softness, chemical Gibbs energies, and electrophilicity parameters, as well as some other important physical data such as dipole moment, polarizability, anisotropy polarisibility, and hyperpolaribility were calculated, evaluated, and then compared together. The essence of the formed bonding model progress along the reaction roots was further validated using electron localization function (ELF) calculations. The highest values of adsorption energies were determined in the range of 18.24 up to 22.12 kcal mol-1 for these kind systems. The acceptable recovery time of 849 s was obtained for the desorption of carbazochrome from the CNT surface under UV-light. The final results exhibit that carbazochrome can serve as a promising carrier and also as sensitive sensors in any kind of practical application.

A patient presenting with ARDS after COVID-19 vaccination: A COVID-19 case report.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The introduction of vaccines against COVID-19 caused great enthusiasm around the world as immunization might end the pandemic. However, it was previously stated that COVID-19 cases would rarely continue to occur despite immunization. Fourteen days after the second dose of the vaccine, a 66-year-old male patient with a negative COVID-19 PCR test result and high levels of IgG and low levels of IgM-A against SARS-CoV-2 was admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) due to the clinical picture of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to stress the need for continuing preventive measures in vaccinated individuals, too, by presenting the clinical findings of the patient, who was considered to have developed ARDS due to COVID-19, as high levels of IgG and IgM-A against SARS-CoV-2 were detected on day 8 during ICU admission.

Primary breast tuberculosis: imaging findings of a rare disease.

Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which tends to affect females of reproductive age, and is much rarer in males, postmenopausal women, and pre-pubescent girls. It is difficult to diagnose because it can mimic benign conditions such as a fibroadenoma, as well as malignant diseases like a carcinoma. It is also particularly difficult to distinguish breast tuberculosis from granulomatous mastitis, so other possible diagnoses should be ruled out first. The diagnosis of breast tuberculosis has three essential pillars: clinical examination, radiological evaluations, and histopathological sampling. Radiological evaluations are not only critical in diagnosis but are also important in the planning of the treatment and during the follow-up. This paper aims to review the imaging findings and the differential diagnosis of breast tuberculosis.