Fatores associados à prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo por pelo menos seis meses no estado de Pernambuco / Factors associated with breastfeeding practice for at least six months in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar do consenso científico sobre os benefícios que a amamentação proporciona à mãe, à criança, à família e ao próprio meio ambiente, além da recomendação para que sua prática seja realizada de forma exclusiva nos seis primeiros meses de vida, essa conduta está longe de ser alcançada. OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à amamentação exclusiva (AME) por pelo menos seis meses, em contraponto ao desmame total até o segundo mês de vida no estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle reunindo 124 casos (AME por pelo menos seis meses) pareados por idade e sexo com 248 controles (desmame total até o segundo mês). Casos e controles foram oriundos da III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição. Foram selecionadas como variáveis de exposição: idade e escolaridade materna, renda familiar, zona de moradia, consultas pré-natais, tipo de parto e profissional que o assistiu e orientação sobre amamentação no pré-natal. Foi aplicada regressão logística nas variáveis que apresentaram um valor de p < 0,2 nas análises bivariadas, adotando para a inclusão no modelo final o nível de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 8 agrupamentos de variáveis consideradas como possíveis preditoras do AME por pelo menos 6 meses, mantiveram-se como fatores associados a idade materna entre 20 - 35 anos, sendo a odds ratio (OR) 2,5 e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1,4 - 4,5; e a escolaridade de 5 - 8 anos de estudo (OR 2,1; IC95% 1,2 - 3,6). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostra que ainda são necessárias mobilizações dos poderes públicos e estímulo às pesquisas em prol do sucesso do AME e da saúde materno-infantil. .

INTRODUCTION: Despite the scientific consensus on the benefits that breastfeeding provides for the mother, the baby, the family and the environment, and also the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for six months, this practice is far from being achieved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for at least six month, as opposed to weaning up to the second month of life in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study of 124 cases (EBF for at least six months) matched for age and sex with 248 controls (weaning up to the second month of life). Cases and controls were drawn from the III State Health and Nutrition Survey. The exposure variables selected were maternal age and education, per capita income, housing zone, prenatal consultations, type of delivery, professional who assisted the delivery, and prenatal breastfeeding guidance. Logistic regression was applied to variables that showed a p-value < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis, and the variables with p-value < 0.05 were included in the final model. RESULTS: Of the eight groups of variables considered as possible predictors of EBF for at least six months, two remained as associated factors: maternal age between 20 - 35 years old, with odds ratio (OR) 2.5 and 95% confidence interval 95%CI 1.4 - 4.5; and maternal education of 5 - 8 years of schooling (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6). CONCLUSION: The study shows that mobilization of the public sector and stimulus to research is still needed for the success of EBF and for mother and child health. .

Factors associated with breastfeeding practice for at least six months in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the scientific consensus on the benefits that breastfeeding provides for the mother, the baby, the family and the environment, and also the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for six months, this practice is far from being achieved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for at least six month, as opposed to weaning up to the second month of life in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: A case-control study of 124 cases (EBF for at least six months) matched for age and sex with 248 controls (weaning up to the second month of life). Cases and controls were drawn from the III State Health and Nutrition Survey. The exposure variables selected were maternal age and education, per capita income, housing zone, prenatal consultations, type of delivery, professional who assisted the delivery, and prenatal breastfeeding guidance. Logistic regression was applied to variables that showed a p-value < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis, and the variables with p-value < 0.05 were included in the final model. RESULTS: Of the eight groups of variables considered as possible predictors of EBF for at least six months, two remained as associated factors: maternal age between 20 - 35 years old, with odds ratio (OR) 2.5 and 95% confidence interval 95%CI 1.4 - 4.5; and maternal education of 5 - 8 years of schooling (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.6). CONCLUSION: The study shows that mobilization of the public sector and stimulus to research is still needed for the success of EBF and for mother and child health.

Aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida em um Hospital Amigo da Criança: prevalência, fatores associados e razões para sua não ocorrência / Maternal breastfeeding in the first hour of life at a Child-Friendly Hospital: prevalence, associated factors and reasons for its nonoccurrence

Aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida, os fatores associados e as razões para sua não ocorrência em um Hospital Amigo da Criança. Métodos: estudo transversal com 562 mães e recém-nascidos. Os dados foram obtidos entre outubro a novembro de 2011 mediante formulários de entrevista e consulta a prontuários. Modelo de Poisson foi ajustado para analisar a prevalência do aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida em função das variáveis de exposição. Resultados: a prevalência do aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida foi de 31 por conta. Apenas o parto normal permaneceu no modelo final, apresentando razão de prevalência de 27 a mais em relação ao parto cesáreo (p=0,020). As razões para que 388 crianças não tenham sido amamentadas na primeira hora de vida foram classificadas em: problemas de saúde da criança (328, 84,5 por cento), da mãe (241, 62,1 por cento) e atraso no resultado do teste rápido anti-HIV (199, 51,2 por cento), 11 (2,8 por cento) não apresentaram nenhuma justificativa. Conclusões: os resultados relatados ainda estão bem abaixo das recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o que em grande parte pode ser atribuído às condições próprias de um hospital de nível terciário, cuja demanda é constituída predominantemente por casos de pacientes de médio e elevado risco obstétrico...

To identify the prevalence of maternal breastfeeding in the first hour of life, associated factors and reasons for its non-occurrence at a childfriendly hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 562 mothers and newborns. The data were obtained between October and November 2011 using interview forms and medical records. The Poisson model was adjusted for analysis of the prevalence of maternal breastfeeding in the first hour of life according to exposure variables. Results: the prevalence of maternal breastfeeding in the first hour of life was 31 percent. Only normal birth remained in the final model, with a prevalence rate 27 percent higher than caesarian birth (p=0.020). The reasons why 388 children were not breastfed in the first hour of life were classified as: problems with the health of the child (328, 84.5 percent), problems with the health of the mother (241, 62.1 percent) and delayed result of anti-HIV test (199, 51.2 percent); in the case of eleven newborns (2.8 percent) no reason was found. Conclusions: the results reported are still well below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and this can largely be attributed to the specific conditions of a tertiary level hospital, which predominantly caters for medium- and high-risk obstetric patients...

Exclusive breastfeeding protects against postpartum migraine recurrence attacks?

OBJECTIVES: To observe postpartum migraine recurrence among migraine sufferers before pregnancy, its classifications and associated factors and to compare women, who were exclusively breastfeeding, with those that used other forms of infant feeding. METHODS: Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. Among those, one in five that were exclusively breastfeeding (53) and all the ones consecutively using others forms of infant feeding (40) were interviewed at the first and forth postpartum weeks. RESULTS: After multivariable analysis, exclusive breastfeeding, no breastfeeding problems, and low income were associated with decrease in migraine recurrence at the first postpartum week. At the fourth week, exclusive breastfeeding continued to be a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in postpartum migraine recurrence seems to be another advantage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Obituário: G. J. Ebrahim (1932-2012) / Obituary: G. J. Ebrahim (1932-2012)

Em 28 de março de 2012 faleceu na cidade de Farnham, Surrey –England, o Prof G. J. Ebrahim (1932-2012), professor emérito doInstitute of Child Health – London University, que dedicou a suavida para o ensino, pesquisa e defesa da mulher e da criança emtodo o mundo. A Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil reconhecendoa importância do Prof. G.J. Ebrahim solidariza-secom os seus familiares e publica aqui o seu obituário...

On 28th March 2012, Prof G. J. Ebrahim (1932-2012), ProfessorEmeritus of The Institute of Child Health at London University,died in Farnham, Surrey – England. Prof. G.J. Ebrahim dedicatedhis life to teaching, research and the protection of women andchildren all over the world. In recognition of the importance ofProf. G.J. Ebrahim, The Brazilian Journal of Mother and ChildHealth expresses our condolences to his family and publishes hisobituary here...

Exclusive breastfeeding protects against postpartum migraine recurrence attacks? / O aleitamento materno exclusivo protege contra a recorrência de crises de enxaqueca no pós-parto?

OBJECTIVES: To observe postpartum migraine recurrence among migraine sufferers before pregnancy, its classifications and associated factors and to compare women, who were exclusively breastfeeding, with those that used other forms of infant feeding. METHODS: Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. Among those, one in five that were exclusively breastfeeding (53) and all the ones consecutively using others forms of infant feeding (40) were interviewed at the first and forth postpartum weeks. RESULTS: After multivariable analysis, exclusive breastfeeding, no breastfeeding problems, and low income were associated with decrease in migraine recurrence at the first postpartum week. At the fourth week, exclusive breastfeeding continued to be a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in postpartum migraine recurrence seems to be another advantage of exclusive breastfeeding.

OBJETIVOS: Observar a recorrência de enxaqueca no período pós-parto em mulheres com enxaqueca antes da gestação, suas classificações e fatores associados e comparar mulheres que apenas amamentavam com aquelas que alimentavam seus filhos de outro modo. MÉTODOS: De 686 mulheres consecutivamente assistidas na primeira semana pós-parto, 266 foram identificadas como portadoras de enxaqueca antes da gestação. Destas, uma em cada cinco que se encontravam amamentando exclusivamente (53) e aquelas que usavam outras modalidades de alimentação (40) foram entrevistadas na primeira e quarta semanas pós-parto. RESULTADOS: Após análise multivariada, observou-se que praticar aleitamento materno exclusivo, não ter problemas relacionados à amamentação e ter baixa renda estavam associados à diminuição da recorrência da enxaqueca na primeira semana pós-parto. Na quarta semana, a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo continuou sendo fator protetor em relação à enxaqueca. CONCLUSÕES: A diminuição da recorrência da enxaqueca pós-parto parece ser uma vantagem adicional do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Course of migraine during pregnancy among migraine sufferers before pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of migraine without aura and migraine with aura during pregnancy and factors that could influence its course, among migraine sufferers before pregnancy. METHOD: A cross sectional study undertaken at the IMIP, Brazil. Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. RESULTS: There was migraine remission in 35.4%, 76.8% and 79.3% among migraine without aura sufferers and 20.7%, 58.6% and 65.5% among those with migraine with aura, respectively in the first, second and third trimesters. Statistically significant difference was found when the first trimester was compared with the second and third trimesters. The factors associated with the presence of migraine during pregnancy were: multiparity, menstrually related migraine without aura prior to pregnancy and illness during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The study contributed to elucidate the course of migraine during pregnancy in migraine sufferers prior to pregnancy.

Course of migraine during pregnancy among migraine sufferers before pregnancy / Comportamento da enxaqueca durante a gestação em mulheres portadoras de enxaqueca pré-gestacional

OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of migraine without aura and migraine with aura during pregnancy and factors that could influence its course, among migraine sufferers before pregnancy. METHOD: A cross sectional study undertaken at the IMIP, Brazil. Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. RESULTS: There was migraine remission in 35.4 percent, 76.8 percent and 79.3 percent among migraine without aura sufferers and 20.7 percent, 58.6 percent and 65.5 percent among those with migraine with aura, respectively in the first, second and third trimesters. Statistically significant difference was found when the first trimester was compared with the second and third trimesters. The factors associated with the presence of migraine during pregnancy were: multiparity, menstrually related migraine without aura prior to pregnancy and illness during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The study contributed to elucidate the course of migraine during pregnancy in migraine sufferers prior to pregnancy.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o comportamento da enxaqueca com e sem aura durante a gestação e fatores que possam influenciar o seu curso, em mulheres com enxaqueca antes da gestação. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal realizado no IMIP, Brasil. De 686 mulheres consecutivamente assistidas na primeira semana pós-parto, 266 foram identificadas como portadoras de enxaqueca antes da gestação. RESULTADOS: Houve desaparecimento das crises de enxaqueca, tanto na enxaqueca sem aura em 35,4 por cento, 76,8 por cento e 79,3 por cento, como na enxaqueca com aura em 20,7 por cento, 58,6 por cento e 65,5 por cento, respectivamente no primeiro, segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação, com diferença estatisticamente significante quando se comparou o primeiro, com o segundo e terceiro trimestres. Os fatores associados à presença de crises de enxaqueca foram: multiparidade, enxaqueca sem aura relacionada à menstruação antes de gestação e doença durante a gestação. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo contribuiu para elucidar o comportamento da enxaqueca durante a gestação em mulheres com enxaqueca antes da gestação.