RÉSUMÉ
Hypopituitarism is difficult to diagnose because of its non-specific symptoms, especially in the presence of comorbidities. A 77-year-old woman with worsening anorexia and exertional dyspnea was initially diagnosed with decompensated dry cold-type heart failure. Hormonal laboratory tests indicated secondary hypothyroidism as a part of the evaluation of heart failure. Furthermore, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed thickening of the pituitary stalk and a loss of signal intensity in the posterior pituitary, thus suggesting lymphocytic hypophysitis. Oral hydrocortisone and levothyroxine improved the persistent anorexia. In this case, hypopituitarism occasionally presented as dry cold-type heart failure, thus making a prompt diagnosis challenging in the setting of concurrent heart failure.
RÉSUMÉ
Sampling surveys of Angelica acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. iwatensis, which are medicinal plants endemic to Japan, were conducted in the Chubu region in the central area of the main island of Japan. A. acutiloba grows in riverbeds in mountainous areas, while A. acutiloba. var. iwatensis grows on slopes near mountain ridges at 1000 m above sea level or on constantly collapsing rocky slopes and bare fields on developed land along asphalt roads in valleys of mountainous areas. Specimens of two wild Angelica species collected in this region were examined for maternal lineage by DNA polymorphism analysis of the atpF-atpA region for chloroplast DNA using direct sequencing and genomic component analysis by genome-wide SNP using MIG-seq. In this study area, while all A. acutiloba populations were monophyletic in both maternal and ancestral lineages, A. acutiloba var. iwatensis were genetically heterogeneous due to being composed of three maternal and three ancestral lineages to various degrees. In addition, a natural hybrid population with maternal lineage presumed to be A. acutiloba and paternal lineage A. acutiloba var. iwatensis was also found. In the present study, we report that the combined method of atpF-atpA and MIG-seq analyses is a useful tool for determining the population genetic structure of two wild Angelica species and for identifying hybrids.
Sujet(s)
Angelica , Plantes médicinales , Angelica/génétique , Angelica/composition chimique , ADN des chloroplastes/génétique , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Génétique des populations , JaponRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Insulinoma in women during pregnancy and postpartum is very rare; approximately 65% of cases are diagnosed early in pregnancy and ~ 35% immediately after delivery, few being found in middle or late pregnancy, likely due to increased insulin resistance seen after early-stage pregnancy. We successfully treated a case of insulinoma in which severe hypoglycemic coma immediately after delivery occasioned detailed investigation and diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient experienced hypoglycemic coma in the 3rd month of pregnancy (initially considered due to her hyperemesis gravidarum) that improved spontaneously during the gestational period. No abnormalities of plasma glucose or body weight were found in regular checkups during her pregnancy; however, recurrence of hypoglycemic coma after delivery led us to suspect insulinoma. While contrast enhanced computer tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) initially failed to detect a tumor in the pancreas, selective arterial calcium stimulation test revealed an insulin-secreting tumor localized in the pancreatic body. She then underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy; a 10-mm tumor positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and insulin was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Although pregnancy can mask insulinoma-associated symptoms and make diagnosis challenging, hypoglycemic episodes during early pregnancy, which were observed in this case, are suggestive of insulinoma. Importantly, in this case, accurate preoperative localization of the tumor enabled prompt curative surgery after delivery. Thus, clinical vigilance for the occurrence of insulinoma and its localization is appropriate for pregnant women suffering severe hypoglycemia.
Sujet(s)
Hypoglycémie , Insulinome , Tumeurs du pancréas , Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Insulinome/complications , Insulinome/diagnostic , Insulinome/chirurgie , Coma/étiologie , Tumeurs du pancréas/complications , Tumeurs du pancréas/diagnostic , Tumeurs du pancréas/chirurgie , Hypoglycémie/diagnostic , Hypoglycémie/étiologie , Insuline , Période du postpartum , HypoglycémiantsRÉSUMÉ
Four novel lupane-type lupane-type triterpenoids (including three norlupane-type triterpenoids), 17ß-hydroxy-28-norlup-20(29)-en-3-one (1), 3ß,17ß-dihydroxy-28,30-bisnorlupan-20-one (2), 3ß-hydroxy-20-oxo-30-norlupan-28-al (3) and lup-20(29)-ene-3,23,30-triol (4), were isolated together with ten known lupane triterpenoids (5~14) from the bark of Euonymus alatus forma ciliato-dentatus. Their structures were determined from 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. The known compounds (5~14) were reported for the first time from this plant.
RÉSUMÉ
Aconitum kiyomiense Kadota (Ranunculaceae) is endemic to Takayama city, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. We collected specimens from marshes and flood plains at altitudes ranging from 852 to 1085 m and from a new habitat consisting of a mesic meadow in the subalpine belt (1681 m). Glabrous pedicels and flowering sequence of inflorescence were used for identification, but intra-species variations in the pilus of pedicels (glabrous, pilose, and chimeric types) were observed. Although the flowering sequence has been reported as both indeterminate and determinate, all specimens in the present study were determinate. No intra-species variation was detected via partial nuclear internal transcribed space, and sequences did not match another 17 East Eurasian continent subgenus Aconitum species. The chloroplast trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region (trnL-trnF) showed three different haplotypes. The trnL-trnF dominant haplotype sequence was identical to that of A. kusnezoffii growing on the Eurasian continent, suggesting that A. kiyomiense is more primitive than other Japanese aconitum and a relic species of the Eurasian continent. We report the first detection of aconitine alkaloids in the tuberous roots, which exhibited aconitine alkaloid contents varying from 0.32 to 4.05 mg/g dry weight (mg/g) for aconitine, 0.02 to 4.12 mg/g for hypaconitine, undetectable to 0.05 mg/g for jesaconitine, and 0.42 to 3.76 mg/g for mesaconitine. The variation of aconitine alkaloid components and contents appeared to be random and did not vary with inflorescence phenotype, trnL-trnF haplotype, environmental habitat conditions, or the geographic region of the collection sites. Since most populations showed no genetic intra-variation, it will be necessary to maintain the continuity of habitats and designate areas for conservation of genetic diversity at the population level.
Sujet(s)
Aconitum/composition chimique , Japon , PhylogenèseRÉSUMÉ
Filipendula kamtschatica is a plant utilized as a traditional medicine by Ainu people in Japan, but its chemical constituents are not much studied. Pancreatic lipase inhibitors are a promising tool for the treatment of obesity. We searched for natural lipase inhibitors from F. kamtschatica and two new compounds were isolated along with the known flavonoid glycoside. The structure elucidation of new compounds revealed these two to be 2-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-L-threonic acid and 3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-L-threonic acid, which can be recognized as a pancreatic lipase's substrate-like structure. The isolated compounds all showed an inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic lipase and one of the isomer, 3-O-caffeoyl-4-O-galloyl-L-threonic acid, possessed the most potent activity with IC(50) value showing an order lower value compared to others. The substrate-like structure of the new compounds seemed to be important for their activity.
Sujet(s)
Antienzymes/composition chimique , Antienzymes/pharmacologie , Filipendula/composition chimique , Triacylglycerol lipase/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Pancréas/enzymologie , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Animaux , Butyrates/composition chimique , Butyrates/isolement et purification , Butyrates/pharmacologie , Antienzymes/isolement et purification , Hétérosides/composition chimique , Hétérosides/isolement et purification , Hétérosides/pharmacologie , Triacylglycerol lipase/métabolisme , Obésité/traitement médicamenteux , Obésité/enzymologie , Extraits de plantes/isolement et purification , SuidaeRÉSUMÉ
UNLABELLED: Transformation of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is the initial step to express the multiple toxicity of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs and PAHs) including dioxins. Therefore, it has been suggested that suppression of the transformation induced by HAHs and PAHs leads to reduce their toxicological effects. In this study, the antagonistic effect of 110 indigenous plants (192 plant parts) used as medicine and/or food by the Ainu on the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced AhR transformation was investigated. Of these, a stalk of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seemann and a bark of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. exhibited the strong antagonistic effect in a dose-dependent manner. An antioxidative activity and polyphenol content were also measured, and the strong correlation (r= 0.96) between these two parameters could be confirmed. However, correlation coefficients of the antagonistic effect of 192 extracts compared to their antioxidative activity and polyphenol content were 0.17 and 0.20, respectively. These results suggest that the Ainu-selected traditional beneficial plants are useful source for findings of novel AhR antagonists, and the antagonistic activity of these plants may be independent on their antioxidative activity and polyphenol content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our findings lead to discovery of the valuable plants used by the Ainu and the novel active compounds useful for human's life, and furthermore, may contribute to the development of new medicines and functional foods.
Sujet(s)
Antioxydants/pharmacologie , Découverte de médicament , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Plantes comestibles/composition chimique , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Récepteurs à hydrocarbure aromatique/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Éléments de réponse/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Animaux , Antioxydants/composition chimique , Aralia/composition chimique , Asiatiques , Système acellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Système acellulaire/métabolisme , Régime alimentaire/ethnologie , Polluants environnementaux/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Polluants environnementaux/pharmacologie , Aliment enrichi/analyse , Fraxinus/composition chimique , Humains , Japon , Foie/métabolisme , Médecine traditionnelle d'Asie orientale , Phénols/analyse , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Dibenzodioxines polychlorées/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Dibenzodioxines polychlorées/pharmacologie , Rats , Récepteurs à hydrocarbure aromatique/génétique , Récepteurs à hydrocarbure aromatique/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
Cultivated licorice plants (Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH.) contain smaller amounts of the triterpene saponin glycyrrhizin than wild licorice plants. To resolve this problem and to breed strains with high-glycyrrhizin content we determined the glycyrrhizin content of 100 samples of G. uralensis that were propagated from seed and grown under the same conditions in the field for 5 years. There was a 10.2-fold variation in glycyrrhizin content among these plants, ranging from 0.46 to 4.67% (average 2.11±0.90%). There was also a wide variation in liquiritin content, ranging from 0.11 to 2.65% (average 1.00±0.49%). The glycyrrhizin content was positively correlated with that of liquiritin in the taproots (r(2)=0.5525). Our results indicate that there are various genetic strains for glycyrrhizin and liquiritin synthesis within a population of plants propagated from seed. The selected high-glycyrrhizin and liquiritin strains will be useful for licorice production and studies on biosynthetic analysis of glycyrrhizin and liquiritin.
Sujet(s)
Flavanones/analyse , Variation génétique , Glucosides/analyse , Glycyrrhiza uralensis/composition chimique , Acide glycyrrhizique/analyse , Agriculture/méthodes , Sélection , Glycyrrhiza uralensis/génétique , Racines de plante/composition chimique , Spécificité d'espèceRÉSUMÉ
Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, lyconadins D (1) and E (2), and complanadine E (3), were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium complanatum. Lyconadin D (1) was the first example of fastigiatine-type alkaloid isolated from Lycopodium complanatum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Complanadine E (3) enhanced mRNA expression for NGF.
Sujet(s)
Alcaloïdes/composition chimique , Composés hétérocycliques avec 4 noyaux ou plus/composition chimique , Lycopodium/composition chimique , Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Lignée cellulaire tumorale , Composés hétérocycliques avec 4 noyaux ou plus/isolement et purification , Humains , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique , Conformation moléculaire , Facteur de croissance nerveuse/génétique , Facteur de croissance nerveuse/métabolisme , ARN messager/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
Artemisia campestris L. (Compositae) occurs naturally along the coastline of the Ryukyu Islands and has been traditionally used as a folk medicine for the treatment of liver and kidney disorders. The authors obtained specimens from the Ishigaki and Kume Islands of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and from the USA. A survey of the literature revealed that the Japanese name for A. campestris is Niitaka-yomogi or Riukiu-yomogi. Two distinct overall plant-form phenotypes were identified: an erect phenotype with long, upright, and straight main axis and assurgent branches; and a prostrate phenotype, having branches that are longer than the main axis and which grow along the ground. Except for the number of ray flowers, most of the flower head characters in the erect phenotypes were significantly larger than those in the prostrate phenotypes. In this experiment, the flower heads contained only small amounts of either capillarisin (<0.01-0.11 of the dry weight, % DW) and 6,7-dimethylesculetin (<0.01-0.30% DW), or none at all. DNA polymorphisms at two sites of the rpl16-rpl14 spacer region (nucleotide position 181-189 and 291-300 from the 5' end) revealed the existence of four different haplotypes. The number of adenines at nucleotide positions 291-300 appeared to be polymorphic within A. campestris from the Ryukyu Islands. Conversely, geographic differences between specimens from the Ryukyu Islands and USA manifested as a nine-base deletion at nucleotide positions 181-189. From a pharmacognostical context, the use of A. campestris flower heads as a substitute for Artemisiae capillaris Flos is not effective.
Sujet(s)
Artemisia/classification , ADN des chloroplastes/classification , ADN des chloroplastes/génétique , Inflorescence/classification , Médecine traditionnelle/méthodes , Pharmacognosie/méthodes , Analyse de séquence d'ADN/méthodes , Artemisia/génétique , Séquence nucléotidique , ADN des chloroplastes/pharmacologie , Géographie , Inflorescence/génétique , Japon , Données de séquences moléculaires , Plantes médicinales/classification , Plantes médicinales/génétique , Protéines ribosomiques/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
Thirteen polysaccharides isolated from an extract of the aerial portions of Astragalus mongholics Bunge demonstrated immunomodulating activity against Peyer's patch immunocompetent cells. Nine of the active polysaccharide fractions were composed of either arabinogalactans, pectic arabinogalactans or pectins. The activities of the arabinogalactans and pectic arabinogalactans were associated with beta-D-(1-->3)-galactan moieties branched with beta-D-(1-->6)-galactooligosaccharide side-chains having degrees of polymerization of 8 or less. Degradation of the beta-D-(1-->3)-galactan or beta-D-(1-->6)-galactosyl side-chains in the arabinogalactans significantly decreased immunomodulating activity. Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) with beta-D-(1-->3,6)-galactosyl side-chains having terminal beta-D-GlcA showed activity in the pectin-enriched fractions. Interestingly, the terminal GlcA was not required for activity of the arabinogalactan-enriched fractions, suggesting at least two different immunomodulating structures.
Sujet(s)
Astragalus/composition chimique , Galactanes/pharmacologie , Facteurs immunologiques/pharmacologie , Pectine/pharmacologie , Plaques de Peyer/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Galactanes/composition chimique , Galactanes/isolement et purification , Facteurs immunologiques/composition chimique , Facteurs immunologiques/isolement et purification , Structure moléculaire , Pectine/composition chimique , Pectine/isolement et purification , Plaques de Peyer/immunologie , Parties aériennes de plante , Extraits de plantes/composition chimiqueRÉSUMÉ
Three new Lycopodium alkaloids, lannotinidines H-J (1-3), were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium annotinum. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and the absolute stereochemistry of 2 was assigned by chemical correlation. Lannotinidine H (1) is the first Lycopodium alkaloid possessing a lycopodane skeleton with an additional C(3) unit.
Sujet(s)
Lycopodium/composition chimique , Quinolizines/isolement et purification , Spectroscopie par résonance magnétique/normes , Modèles moléculaires , Conformation moléculaire , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Extraits de plantes/isolement et purification , Quinolizines/composition chimique , Normes de référence , StéréoisomérieRÉSUMÉ
Two new Lycopodium alkaloids, serratezomines D (1) and E (2), were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium serratum var. serratum. Serratezomine D (1) is a new lucidine-type alkaloid, while serratezomine E (2) is a new phlegmarane-type alkaloid. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Serratezomine D (1) exhibited an inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase.
Sujet(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/composition chimique , Alcaloïdes/composition chimique , Anticholinestérasiques/composition chimique , Composés hétérobicycliques/composition chimique , Composés hétérocycliques 3 noyaux/composition chimique , Lycopodium/composition chimique , Quinoléines/composition chimique , Acetylcholinesterase/métabolisme , Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Alcaloïdes/pharmacologie , Anticholinestérasiques/isolement et purification , Anticholinestérasiques/pharmacologie , Composés hétérobicycliques/isolement et purification , Composés hétérobicycliques/pharmacologie , Composés hétérocycliques 3 noyaux/isolement et purification , Composés hétérocycliques 3 noyaux/pharmacologie , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Quinoléines/isolement et purification , Quinoléines/pharmacologie , StéréoisomérieRÉSUMÉ
Shigoka (SGK), the rhizome of Eleutherococcus senticosus, is a traditional medicine used as a tonic in northeastern Asia and far eastern Russia. We analyzed the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the medicine available on the Japanese and Chinese markets and found that at least 3 species were used as the source plant of the commercial SGKs and that only 70% of all samples was made from the correct species. Furthermore, we performed the quantitative determination of 3 marker compounds, eleutheroside B (EB), syringaresinol diglucoside (Syr), and isofraxidin (Iso) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS). We found that EB and Iso are specific to the correct source plant of SGK. Of them, EB is thought to be the best marker compound for quality assurance of the SGK from the viewpoint of its pharmacological activity.
Sujet(s)
Eleutherococcus/génétique , Plantes médicinales/génétique , Coumarines/analyse , Espaceur de l'ADN ribosomique , Eleutherococcus/composition chimique , Glucosides/analyse , Lignanes/analyse , Phénylpropionates/analyse , Préparations à base de plantes/composition chimique , Préparations à base de plantes/normes , Plantes médicinales/composition chimique , Rhizome/composition chimique , Rhizome/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
The dried roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa var. acutiloba Kitagawa, A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. iwatensis Hikino and A. acutiloba Kitagawa var. sugiyamae Hikino have been used as the herbal medicine known in Japan as Japanese Angelica Root. The respective morphological features of, in particular, A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae and A. acutiloba var. iwatensis are similar, and they are not easy to distinguish morphologically from each other. In an attempt to find a method for discriminating among these three varieties, we compared the nucleotide sequence of the spacer region between the atpF and atpA genes among the respective plastid genomes. Comparison of these sequences allowed us to identify each of the three varieties unequivocally.
Sujet(s)
Angelica/génétique , ADN intergénique/composition chimique , ADN des plantes/composition chimique , Phytothérapie , Angelica/classification , Amorces ADN , Humains , Feuilles de plante , Plastes/génétique , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîneRÉSUMÉ
Dried aerial parts of Scutellaria galericulata L. (Labiatae; marsh skullcap) and Scutellaria lateriflora L. (Labiatae; mad dog skullcap) are mainly used as skullcap, a medicinal herb, in Europe and the United States. The respective dried aerial parts of the two species are difficult to distinguish morphologically from each other. We attempted to discriminate among six species (Scutellaria altissima L. (Labiatae), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae), Scutellaria galericulata, Scutellaria incana Spreng. (Labiatae), Scutellaria indica L. (Labiatae) and Scutellaria lateriflora) of Scutellaria, which include three medicinal species (Scutellaria galericulata, Scutellaria lateriflora and Scutellaria baicalensis), by comparing the respective nucleotide sequences of the plastid rpl16 gene and the rpl16-rpl14 spacer region. Comparisons of these sequences allowed us to identify each of the six species unequivocally.
Sujet(s)
ADN intergénique/composition chimique , ADN intergénique/génétique , ADN des plantes/composition chimique , ADN des plantes/génétique , Gènes de plante/génétique , Scutellaria/composition chimique , Séquence d'acides aminés , Exons , Données de séquences moléculaires , RT-PCR , Spécificité d'espèceRÉSUMÉ
An attempt was made to discriminate among six species of Papaver (P. bracteatum, P. orientale, P. pseudo-orientale, P. rhoeas, P. setigerum and P. somniferum) by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the plastid rpl16 gene and the rpl16-rpl14 spacer region. Comparison of sequences allowed us to distinguish five species, namely P. bracteatum, P. orientale, P. pseudo-orientale, P. rhoeas and P. setigerum plus P. somniferum from one another, but sequences from P. setigerum and P. somniferum were identical. It is difficult to distinguish between P. bracteatum, P. orientale and P. pseudo-orientale at the vegetative stage of growth. However, our method allowed us to distinguish between these three species and the others using nucleotide sequences and should allow identification of P. bracteatum that has been cultivated illegally in the garden in Japan. Furthermore, P. rhoeas was clearly discriminated from P. setigerum and P. somniferum by reference to the sequence of the rpl16 exon using young seedlings.