Understanding the effect of sex on energy requirements of hair sheep.

Differences and/or similarities in the influence of sex class for hair sheep requirements remain inconclusive. Knowledge of energy requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided which is crucial for improving animal production. We aimed to determine the effect of sex class on the net energy requirements of growing hair sheep in a multi-study approach. We used a data set composed of individual measurements of 382 hair sheep (299 non-castrated and 83 castrated males) from 11 studies that used the methodology of comparative slaughter. Net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) were obtained by the regression between heat production and metabolizable energy intake. The metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) were calculated by the iterative method, and the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) was obtained by NEm divided by MEm. The net energy requirements for gain (NEg) were estimated from retained energy (RE) against empty BW gain (EBWG). The efficiency of energy use for weight gain (kg) was obtained from the relationship between RE and the energy metabolizable intake for gain, removing the intercept. There was an effect of sex on NEg and two equations were generated: NEg (MJ/day) = 1.040 (±0.04055) × EBW0.75 × EBWG0.8767(±0.03293) and NEg (MJ/day) = 1.040 (±0.04055) × EBW0.75 × EBWG0.8300(±0.03468) (R2 = 0.86; MSE = 0.0037; AIC = -468.0) for non-castrated and castrated males, respectively. Sex class did not affect kg (P > 0.05) and one kg was generated (0.29). Sex did not affect kprotein (P = 0.14) and kfat (P = 0.32), assuming an average deposition efficiency of 0.27 for protein and 0.78 for fat. The NEm and MEm did not differ (P > 0.05) between sex classes, with a value of 0.272 and 0.427 MJ/kg0.75 EBW per day, respectively. The km observed was 0.64. In conclusion, non-castrated and castrated male hair sheep have similar maintenance energy requirements although energy requirements for gain differed among them. The Committees overestimate the gain and maintenance requirements for hair sheep. Therefore, the equations generated in this study are recommended.

Malignant salivary gland tumors: agreement between fine needle aspiration biopsy, incisional biopsy and final histopathological diagnostic.

BACKGROUND: Incisional biopsy is indicated for intraoral tumors, but it is a contraindicated surgical procedure for major salivary glands. To avoid complications and facilitate diagnosis, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a type of biopsy widely used for preoperative diagnosis in these glands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement between the diagnosis by FNAB (major glands), incisional biopsy (minor glands) and histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen in salivary gland tumors from a database (medical records) of patients treated in a cancer treatment reference center in the Northeast region of Brazil. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 110 cases, being 86 of them malignant tumors in major salivary glands (parotid gland=73; submandibular gland=13) and 24 cases in minor salivary glands (palate). The female gender was the most affected (57.3%), especially in patients over 60 years (42.7%). In the TNM classification, 41.8% of the cases were in T2 at the time of diagnosis, with most of the regional lymph nodes in N0 (85.5%) and 87.3% of the cases in M0. FNAB was able to identify malignant neoplasms in 68.6% of the cases (n=59), while incisional biopsy in palatal tumors obtained agreement of 75% of the cases (n=18). The analysis revealed that tumors classified as T3-T4 (p=0.012) showed greater agreement between pre- and post-surgical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study indicate that FNAB has similar accuracy to incisional biopsy in providing satisfactory preoperative diagnoses of malignant tumors in salivary glands.

Mucocutaneous diseases with manifestations in the head and neck region: 24 years of experience in a Dermatology service.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of mucocutaneous diseases with manifestation in the head and neck region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a dermatology reference center database was carried out. Over 24 years. Clinicopathological data were collected from medical records and the data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 11.538 medical records were analyzed, being 152 cases of mucocutaneous diseases with manifestations in the head and neck region. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus was the most prevalent diagnosis (66.4%). Face (44.1%), females (79.6%), and patients with 45 years mean age were the most common features. In the oral cavity, the most affected region was the buccal mucosa (37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Mucocutaneous diseases with head and neck manifestation were rare in the sample analyzed (1.3%), with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and lichen planus being the most common lesions in this region.

Bone Growth and Meat Quality of Quails Submitted to Different Lighting Programs

The present study was executed to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for meat quails on their bone growth and development. A total of 1500 sexed European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and three lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with five replicates of 50 quails. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age. Weekly slaughterings were performed to remove the tibiotarsus and femur and subsequently determine weight, length, dry and mineral matter content. The growth and deposition curves of dry and mineral matter in the bones were obtained using the Gompertz model. There was no significant interaction between lighting programs and sex for the estimates of the Gompertz curve parameters of all variables studied. There was an effect of the lighting programs only on the time needed to reach the maximum deposition rate of the growth curve and dry and mineral matter deposition. Females showed higher weight and deposition of mineral matter at maturity, and took longer to reach the maximum deposition rate value for these variables. There was influence of the lighting programs on resistance and bone deformity of the tibiotarsus. For quails raised in the tropical region, a natural or intermittent lighting program must be used, as it does not compromise the development of bones and assures bone quality.(AU)

Incidence and profile of benign epithelial tumors of salivary glands from a single center in Northeast of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Benign tumors of the salivary glands are a group of lesions with varied histopathological and clinical spectrum. The aim was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of benign salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 in a single center located in northeastern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records regarding sex, age, anatomical location, histopathological subtype and treatment were retrieved, and data were analyzed using the Stata/IC software (version 12.0). RESULTS: There were above 7,100 cases of neoplasms in the head and neck region, of which 403 corresponded to salivary gland neoplasms. Of these, 238 (59%) were benign, being pleomorphic adenoma (PA) the most frequent neoplasm (n=178; 74.8%), followed by Warthin's tumor (WT) (n=23; 9.7%). Overall, most cases occurred in females (n=136; 57.1%) and age ranged from 11 to 83 years. The parotid gland (n=188; 79%) was the most common anatomical site, and all patients were treated by surgical excision. Of the cases diagnosed as PA, malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CAEXPA) occurred in 7 (3.9%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the clinical and demographic profile of benign salivary gland neoplasms, which contributes to the continuous knowledge of current data about these lesions.

Weight adjustment equation for hair sheep raised in warm conditions.

To estimate the nutritional requirements of hair sheep, knowledge about the animal's weight and its relationships with growth performances is essential. A study was carried with the objective to establish the relationships between BW, fasting BW (FBW), empty BW (EBW), average daily gain (ADG) and empty BW gain (EBWG) for hair sheep in growing and finishing phases in Brazilian conditions. Databases were obtained from 32 studies, for a total of 1145 observations; there were 3 sex classes (non-castrated male, castrated male and female) and 2 feeding systems (pasture and feedlot). The most representative breeds in the database were Santa Ines (n = 473), Morada Nova (n = 70) and Brazilian Somali (n = 47). The other animals in the database were crossbreeds (n = 555). The FBW (kg), EBW and EBWG (kg/day) were estimated according to linear regression. A random coefficient model was adopted, considering the study as a random effect and including the possibility of covariance between the slope and the intercept. The coefficients obtained from the linear regression of the FBW against the BW, EBW against the FBW and EBWG against the ADG did not differ between sex class (P > 0.05) and genotype (P > 0.05). The equations generated to estimate FBW from the BW, EBW from the FBW and EBWG from the ADG are as follows: FBW = -0.5470 (±0.2025) + 0.9313(±0.019) × BW, EBW = -1.4944 (±0.3639) + 0.8816 (±0.018) × FBW and EBWG = 0.906 (±0.019) × ADG, respectively. The low mean squared error values found in the cross-validation confirmed the reliability of these equations. Considering a sheep with a BW of 30 kg and a 100 g ADG, the estimated FBW, EBW and EBWG calculated using the generated equations are 27, 22.65 and 0.090 kg, respectively. In conclusion, the generated equations can be used in growing hair sheep. The validation procedure applied to the generated equations showed that its use for hair sheep seems to be appropriate.

Breeding objectives and selection criteria of a participatory community-based breeding programme of goats and sheep.

The absence of formal markets and the large variability of genetic groups and production systems of goats and sheep in developing countries hinder the implementation of traditional breeding programmes. Community-based breeding programmes (CBBP) for these species have been shown to be effective in these countries. In these programmes, the definition of the objectives and criteria of selection is done in a participatory way, which takes into account the desires and needs of the local farmers. We aimed to define the objectives and criteria of a CBBP for goats and sheep in the Inhamuns region, Ceará, Brazil, using a participatory rural appraisal (PRA). This methodology, which consist in an approach that aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in the planning and management of development projects and programmes, was performed in seven districts of two towns of the region (Tauá and Parambu). One hundred twenty-two farmer families participated in the survey. The PRA was able to provide important information, and its results showed that breeders of this region keep flocks of goats and sheep for social, economic and cultural benefits. In order of importance, the main objectives for goat farming were personal fulfilment (PERF), food source for family (FSF), income generation (INCG), savings (SAV) and cultural/family traditions (CULT), while for sheep farming were CULT, FSF, SAV, PERF and INCG. Disease resistance (RDI), adaptability (ADP), fertility (FERT), growth rate (GRA), host resistance of worms (HRW), body conformation (BC), temperament (TEM), longevity (LONG), body size (BSIZ), age at first kidding (AFK) and milk yield (MIY) were the main selection criteria that farmers use for goats. The most important selection criteria used for selecting sheep were ADP, RDI, HRW, GRA, FERT, LONG, BC, BS and age at first lambing. According to these objectives and criteria, the CBBP must consider the adaptation of the animals to the climate and management conditions of the region, the resistance to diseases and productive performance.

The recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts in pediatric patients is associated with clinical findings of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an odontogenic developmental cyst that presents distinct clinical behavior. This lesion has been described as dental cysts with keratinization since the 1930s, however the term OKC was established in 1956. This study aims to determine the frequency and features of OKC in children aged 0 to 14 years in an oral pathology service in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to review cases of OKC in children diagnosed between 1986 and 2017. Clinical data were evaluated from medical records (gender, race, age, anatomical location, treatment, radiographic findings and follow-up). RESULTS: Ninety-seven cases of OKC were diagnosed in a 31-year-period in all age groups and 10 were found in children (10.3%). Age ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean age=10.5±3.5), with 8 males and 2 females. The most frequent location was the anterior region of the mandible (n=4). Patients were predominantly asymptomatic. Moreover, in two children, clinical findings of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome were observed. The most commonly used treatment was enucleation followed by curettage. In all cases of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome were observed recurrences and occurrence of new keratocysts. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon in pediatric patients, OKC should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of osteolytic lesions in gnathic bones. Thus, the periodic assessment of children by dentists and pediatricians is essential to get a correct diagnosis and early treatment to avoid greater mutilation of these patients.

Application of atomic force microscopy in the analysis of time since deposition (TSD) of red blood cells in bloodstains: A forensic analysis.

Bloodstains can provide important information about a criminal act. These biological traces, when analyzed at murder sites, for example, can determine the dynamics of a criminal offense, the identity of a suspect, and the time at which a crime was committed. Determine the time since deposition (TSD) of these blood traces may be the first clue for the police investigators to estimate the time-lapse of a murder. During a criminal attack, the blood spilled from an injury begins the process of degradation and aging from the moment it leaves the human body and comes into contact with the physical environment. The biophysical properties (morphology and elasticity) of red blood cells (RBCs) undergo several changes when outside the human body, which can be analyzed using microscopic techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). Aiming to apply the AFM/force spectroscopy techniques in the analysis of criminal traces, the present study investigated the TSD for blood smears by analyzing possible changes in the RBCs of a group of voluntary donors. Also, we investigated whether there was any difference in TSD analysis after blood smears deposition onto three different surfaces (glass, metal, or ceramic); and finally, we evaluated force×distance curves obtained from deformation of the membrane surface of RBCs as a function of time. The qualitative results apparently showed that there is no perceptible difference in the structure of RBCs when AFM images were analyzed by simple visual comparison over 28 days (T0-T5). Nevertheless, our quantitative results, measured by AFM, demonstrated the increasing trend of the measurements, such as average height (µm), perimeter (µm), area (µm2) and volume (µm3) of these cells during that period. Additionally, the type of surface of bloodstain deposition should be considered during analyses for the TSD, and the results obtained on glass, metal, or ceramic supports showed significant differences. Therefore, the use of force spectroscopy to obtain force×distance curves for the forensic science approach has been shown to have applicability for the calculation of TSD in the RBCs present in the blood smears. In spite of the promising observations obtained, the use of AFM in crime scenes still requires the expansion and development of more studies for a definitive evaluation of the TSD for blood spots.

Parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos de equinos em treinamento de três tambores: pós-condicionamento, pós-percurso e pós-descanso / Physiological and biochaemical parameters of horses in three-barrel training: post-warm-up, post-exercise and post-rest

Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em equinos Quarto de Milha durante treinamento de três tambores, antes do condicionamento (T0), após o condicionamento (T1), após um percurso (T2), após descanso do percurso, por 20 minutos (T3) e após descanso do percurso, por 40 minutos (T4). Os parâmetros físicos avaliados foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e tempo de enchimento capilar (TEC); e os bioquímicos: sódio, potássio, cloreto, cálcio total, ureia, creatinina, osmolaridade, creatinaquinase, aspartato transaminase, proteínas totais (PT), glicose e lactato. A FC, a FR e a TR aumentaram após o percurso (T2), mas foram recompostas após 40 minutos de descanso. A concentração do lactato pouco aumentou após o condicionamento, mas altas concentrações ocorreram após o percurso (T2), e embora ele tenha diminuído após 20 (T3) e 40 minutos (T4) do percurso, ainda permaneceu acima dos limites normais. Nos demais parâmetros, não houve variações significativas. Concluiu-se que, ao final de um percurso de três tambores, o exercício sob máxima intensidade não ocasionou variações bioquímicas significativas nos equinos, exceto para o lactato, pois gerou uma hiperlactatemia que não foi restaurada até 40 minutos de descanso pós-percurso, mesmo com os parâmetros físicos já recompostos do esforço.(AU)

Physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in Quarter Horse during three-barrel training, in three times: T0 (before warm-up), T1 (after warm-up), T2 (after completing the exercise, performing only one course), T3 (after resting for 20 minutes of the course), and T4 (after resting for 40 minutes of the course). The parameters evaluated were: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and capillary filling time (ECT); Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, BUN, creatinine, osmolarity, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase; Plasma concentrations of total protein (PT), glucose, and lactate. HR, RR and RT increased shortly after the course (T2) but were restored after 40 minutes of rest. Lactate concentration increased after conditioning, but at low concentrations, but high levels occurred after the course (T2), and although decreased after 20 (T3) and 40 minutes (T4) of the course, it was still above normal limits. There were no significant changes in the other parameters. At the end of a single course of three-barrel, the exercise of maximum intensity did not cause significant biochemical variations in horses, except for lactate, which increased to levels of hyperlactatemia, and was not restored until 40 minutes of rest, even with the physical parameters already recovered.(AU)

Parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos de equinos em treinamento de três tambores: pós-condicionamento, pós-percurso e pós-descanso / Physiological and biochaemical parameters of horses in three-barrel training: post-warm-up, post-exercise and post-rest

Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos em equinos Quarto de Milha durante treinamento de três tambores, antes do condicionamento (T0), após o condicionamento (T1), após um percurso (T2), após descanso do percurso, por 20 minutos (T3) e após descanso do percurso, por 40 minutos (T4). Os parâmetros físicos avaliados foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e tempo de enchimento capilar (TEC); e os bioquímicos: sódio, potássio, cloreto, cálcio total, ureia, creatinina, osmolaridade, creatinaquinase, aspartato transaminase, proteínas totais (PT), glicose e lactato. A FC, a FR e a TR aumentaram após o percurso (T2), mas foram recompostas após 40 minutos de descanso. A concentração do lactato pouco aumentou após o condicionamento, mas altas concentrações ocorreram após o percurso (T2), e embora ele tenha diminuído após 20 (T3) e 40 minutos (T4) do percurso, ainda permaneceu acima dos limites normais. Nos demais parâmetros, não houve variações significativas. Concluiu-se que, ao final de um percurso de três tambores, o exercício sob máxima intensidade não ocasionou variações bioquímicas significativas nos equinos, exceto para o lactato, pois gerou uma hiperlactatemia que não foi restaurada até 40 minutos de descanso pós-percurso, mesmo com os parâmetros físicos já recompostos do esforço.(AU)

Physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in Quarter Horse during three-barrel training, in three times: T0 (before warm-up), T1 (after warm-up), T2 (after completing the exercise, performing only one course), T3 (after resting for 20 minutes of the course), and T4 (after resting for 40 minutes of the course). The parameters evaluated were: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and capillary filling time (ECT); Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, BUN, creatinine, osmolarity, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase; Plasma concentrations of total protein (PT), glucose, and lactate. HR, RR and RT increased shortly after the course (T2) but were restored after 40 minutes of rest. Lactate concentration increased after conditioning, but at low concentrations, but high levels occurred after the course (T2), and although decreased after 20 (T3) and 40 minutes (T4) of the course, it was still above normal limits. There were no significant changes in the other parameters. At the end of a single course of three-barrel, the exercise of maximum intensity did not cause significant biochemical variations in horses, except for lactate, which increased to levels of hyperlactatemia, and was not restored until 40 minutes of rest, even with the physical parameters already recovered.(AU)

Net mineral requirements for the growth and maintenance of Somali lambs.

Minerals are limiting factors in animal production, and the knowledge of mineral requirements for livestock is crucial to the success of a commercial enterprise. Hair sheep may have different mineral requirements than those presents by the international committees. A study was carried to evaluate the net calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) requirements for the growth and maintenance of Brazilian Somali lambs. A total of 48 hair lambs (13.5±1.8 kg) aged 60±15 days were allocated to individual pens. Eight animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment to serve as a reference group to estimate initial empty BW (EBW) and initial body composition. The remaining lambs (n=40) were assigned to a completely randomized design with eight replications in five levels of metabolizable energy (ME; 4.93, 8.65, 9.41, 10.12 and 11.24 MJ/kg DM). When the lambs of a given treatment reached an average BW of 28 kg, they were slaughtered. Initial body composition was used to calculate the retention of minerals. Mineral body composition was fit using a logarithmic equation in the form of a nonlinear model. The maintenance requirements were estimated from regressions of mineral retention in the empty body on mineral intake. The body mineral concentration decreased in lambs with a BW ranging from 15 to 30 kg. The net mineral requirements (100 g/day of average daily gain (ADG)) decreased from 0.52 to 0.51 g for Ca, 0.28 to 0.23 g for P, 0.02 to 0.02 g for Mg, 0.09 to 0.08 g for Na, 0.11 to 0.09 g for K, 1.30 to 1.08 mg for Zn, 3.77 to 3.22 mg for Fe, 0.08 to 0.06 mg for Mn and 0.09 to 0.08 mg for Cu when BW increased from 15 to 30 kg. The daily net requirements for maintenance per kilogram of BW were 30.13 mg of Ca, 27.58 mg of P, 1.26 mg of Mg, 4.12 mg of Na, 8.11 mg of K, 0.133 mg of Zn, 0.271 mg of Fe, 0.002 mg of Mn and 0.014 mg of Cu. The results of this study indicate that the net mineral requirements for weight gain and maintenance in Brazilian Somali lambs are different than the values that are commonly recommended by the main evaluation systems for feed and nutritional requirements for sheep. These results for the nutritional requirements of minerals may help to optimize mineral supply for hair sheep.

Prediction of physical characteristics of the lamb carcass using in vivo bioimpedance analysis.

The increase of sheep meat competitiveness in international markets can be attributed to the rise of the quantity and the improvement of the quality of the edible portion of sheep carcasses. Usually, carcass yield is established after the slaughter of the animals. Yet, when carcass yield is determined in vivo, it can be both a costly and subjective method. This study proposes models for predicting the physical characteristics of lamb carcass using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in live animals. Thirty-one Texel × Ile de France crossbreed ram lambs were slaughtered at 20, 26, 32 or 38 kg of BW. Before the slaughter, values of resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc) were collected using a single-frequency BIA equipment (Model RJL Quantum II Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer). Then, BIA main variables such as body bioelectrical volume (V), phase angle (PA), resistive density (RsD) and reactive density (XcD) were calculated. After slaughter, cold carcass weight (CCW), cold carcass yield (CCY), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), soft tissue weight (STW) and soft tissue yield (STY) were also measured. Multiple regression analyses were carried out using the physical characteristics as dependent variables and the bioimpedance values as independent variables. Predictive performance of the models was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation. The prediction model of CCW was obtained using the V, PA and RsD (R2 = 0.97), STW through the V, RsD and XcD (R2 = 0.97), CCY by Rs, Z and XcD (R2 = 0.69), STY by V and XcD (R2 = 0.67), and SFT only for XcD (R2 = 0.84). The results indicated that BIA has the potential to predict carcass characteristics of lambs at different body masses.

Hepatic and cardiac and iron overload detected by T2* magnetic resonance (MRI) in patients with myelodisplastic syndrome: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion-dependent anemia and iron overload are associatedwith reduced survival in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatic and cardiac overload in patients with MDS as measured by T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and its correlation with survival. METHODS: MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients had iron overload evaluated by T2* MRI. HIO was considered when hepatic iron concentration ≥ 2 g/mg. Cardiac iron overload was considered with a T2*-value < 20 ms. RESULTS: Among 71 patients analyzed, median hepatic iron concentration was 3.9 g/mg (range 0.9-16 g/mg), and 68%of patients had hepatic iron overload. Patients with hepatic iron overload had higher mean ferritin levels (1182 ng/mL versus 185 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), transferrin saturation (76% versus 34%, p < 0.0001) and lower survival rates. Median cardiac T2*value was 42 ms (range 19.7-70.1 ms), and only one patienthad a T2* value indicative of cardiac iron overload. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic iron overload is found in two thirds of patients, even in cases without laboratory signs of iron overload. Hepatic iron overload by T2* MRI is associated with a decreased risk of survival in patients with MDS.

Clinicopathological analysis of odontogenic tumors over 22 years period: Experience of a single center in northeastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are uncommon neoplastic lesions of the maxilla and mandible, which present difficult diagnosis and therapeutics. This paper aims to determine the frequency and distribution of OTs, over a period of 22 years, at a public university in Northeastern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed all cases of OTs from oral pathology laboratory of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), from 1996 to 2017. The tumors were classified according to the latest (2017) World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Data on age, gender, anatomic site, symptomatology, radiographic findings and tumor size were analyzed. RESULTS: In the analyzed period, 247 cases of OTs were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were more common with 127 cases (51.8%). The most common tumors were ameloblastoma (n = 112 / 45.4%), odontoma (n = 89 / 36.1%) and odontogenic myxoma (n = 17 / 6.9%). Malignant odontogenic tumors were extremely rare in the studied population with only 2 cases (0.8%) of diagnosed carcinomas. These tumors were diagnosed in a wide age range, from 5 to 81 years, being more common in the second and third decades of life. In general, the mandible was the most affected anatomic site (n = 162/66%) and the mandible:maxilla ratio was of 2:1. Ameloblastoma was the tumor with the highest number of symptomatic cases (n = 26) and with the highest mean size (cm) with 4.5cm. CONCLUSIONS: Odontogenic tumors were rare in the sample studied (2.2%), with ameloblastoma and odontoma being the most common tumors. Continuous studies that show the characteristics of these lesions are fundamental, especially after modifications in the international classification.

Avaliação da imobilidade tônica em codornas de corte via análise de sobrevivência' / Tonic immobility evaluation in meat quail via survival analysis

Tonic immobility (TI) is a way to measure fear, as characterized by the reduced capacity to respond to external stimuli. The time spent in TI indicates the level of fear. Since TI is measured as the time until event occurrence, survival analysis stands out as a suitable statistical method to treat these data. We aimed to investigate the influence of possible factors (lines, sex and age) on fear behavior in meat quail (Coturnix coturnix) measured through TI by using survival analysis (non parametric Kaplan-Meyer method via logrank test). The dataset was composed by TI information provided by 50 animals from each line (UFV1 and UFV2) in each age (14 and 28 days of age), totalizing 200 records. Despite the slight difference between the two evaluated ages, there was no significance for this factor between each studied line, UFV1 (P= 0.1493) and UFV2 (P= 0.2583). The logrank test indicated significant difference (P= 0.0407) between levels of line/sex groups at 14 days of age. We noted that males from UFV2 line presented higher fear behavior in relation to males from UFV1 line. No significant differences were observed for this factor when considering 28 days of age.(AU)