Triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area for Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the distribution of triatomines in an endemic area for Chagas disease. METHODS: This retrospective study used secondary data extracted from the Official System of the National Chagas Disease Control Program (Sistema Oficial do Programa Nacional de Controle da Doença de Chagas - SisPCDCh). RESULTS: A total of 7,257 (725.7 ± 221.7 per year) specimens were collected from 2013 to 2022. Most of them (6,792; 93.6%) were collected in the intradomicile and 465 (6.4%) in the peridomicile. A total of 513 (7.1%) triatomines tested positive for the presence of trypomastigote forms, similar to Trypanosoma cruzi. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of triatomines across different municipalities.

Triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area for Chagas disease in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: We assessed the distribution of triatomines in an endemic area for Chagas disease. Methods: This retrospective study used secondary data extracted from the Official System of the National Chagas Disease Control Program (Sistema Oficial do Programa Nacional de Controle da Doença de Chagas - SisPCDCh). Results: A total of 7,257 (725.7 ± 221.7 per year) specimens were collected from 2013 to 2022. Most of them (6,792; 93.6%) were collected in the intradomicile and 465 (6.4%) in the peridomicile. A total of 513 (7.1%) triatomines tested positive for the presence of trypomastigote forms, similar to Trypanosoma cruzi. Conclusions: The spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of triatomines across different municipalities.

Molecular detection of vector-borne pathogens in cats tested for FIV and FeLV.

The aim of this study was to detect molecularly vector borne pathogens (VBPs) in domiciled cats tested for Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and Feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood samples (n = 119) were analyzed microscopically and molecularly through PCR and sequenced for the detection of the following pathogens: piroplasmids., Bartonella henselae, Cytauxzoon felis, Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Trypanosoma spp., and Ricketssia spp. Animals were also serological assessed for detection of antibodies against FIV and FeLV. Out of all animals, 20.16% (24/119) tested positive for at least one VBPs at molecular examination. Conversely, no animal resulted positive at microscopic analysis. The most prevalent pathogen was hemotropic Mycoplasma haemofelis (8.40%; 10/119), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (5.88%; 7/119), E. canis (5.04%; 6/119), C. felis (0.84%; 1/119) and B. henselae (0.84%; 1/119). One animal (0.84%; 1/119) was co-infected with. E. canis and B. henselae. A total of 5.88% (7/119) and 1.68% (2/119) tested positive for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Data of this study demonstrate that owned cats can be at risk of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., E. canis, C. felis and B. henselae. Therefore, preventive measures against vectors of these pathogens should be implemented in order to reduce the risk of exposition and consequently infection. Additionally, aggressive behaviors among cats should be avoided, especially because hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. may be transmitted through the bite of animals.

Infections by trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in triatomines (Hemiptera: Triatominae): A spatiotemporal assessment in an endemic area for Chagas disease.

This research analysed the spatiotemporal distribution of triatomines infected by trypanosomatid parasites in an endemic region for Chagas disease, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The database included the total number of triatomines captured from intradomicile and peridomicile areas, as well as the infection rate (IR) by trypanosomatid. The Gi∗ by Getis-Ord method was used to statistically identify significant concentration clusters and the IR of triatomines by trypanosomatids. A generalized linear regression model with a binomial distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding an IR by trypanosomatids. Overall, of 4,800 triatomines examined, trypanosomatid forms similar to Trypanosoma cruzi were detected in 10.29% of them, and the majority of positive specimens (98.17%) were collected at intradomicile. The geospatial analyses identified triatomines clusters in intradomicile and peridomicile environments. According to the logistic regression data for species (Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata), the probability of detection of T. cruzi infection remains constant in up to 50 specimens examined or more. The findings of this research revealed a scenario never studied in this area through this type of spatiotemporal analysis, which is essential to identify areas of vulnerability for the occurrence of these vectors and consequently for Chagas disease.

Occurrence and anatomical distribution of myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in swine.

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has been considered the most important cause of myiasis in animals in the South America with most cases being recorded in cattle. In Brazil, the risk of myiasis in swine population is underestimated, leading to difficulties in the implementation of preventive measures. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of myiasis infesting a swine population over a one-year period and to evaluate the anatomical distribution of these larvae on the animal's body. From May 2019 to April 2020, a total of 2038 inspections were carried out on pigs reared in two farms located in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Fly larvae retrieved were morphologically identified and the anatomical distribution of myiasis was graphically represented by a heat map indicating its frequency in swine based on the interpolation of data. Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (n = 78) of second (n = 29) and third (n = 49) developmental stages were recovered in 13 animals (0.64%) out of 2038 inspections performed. The occurrence of myiasis was detected in eight anatomical sites, with higher concentration on the forehead region and on ears. Data herein obtained provide valuable information on the epidemiology and biological aspects of C. hominivorax affecting pigs. In addition, it indicates that the forehead and ears are important sites of parasitism most likely due the high frequency of skin lesions in these areas.

Spatial distribution of triatomine bugs in a Chagas disease endemic region in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a zoonotic infection transmitted by triatomine bug vectors to human beings. Although the story of this parasitic infection was born in Brazil and here this has made major step forward information, the same cannot be said about the actual distribution of the triatomine vector in several areas of this country. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of triatomine species in an endemic region for CD in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using data obtained from 2008 to 2017. All information was provided by the V Gerência Regional de Saúde of the state of Pernambuco. The spatial distribution of triatomine species was analyzed by drawing a map using the Quantum geographic information system. RESULTS: A total of 4,694 triatomine specimens (469.4 ± 221.2 per year) were collected during the period 2008-2017, with 94.5% (4,434/4,694) at the intradomicile and 5.5% (260/4,694) at peridomicile environment. Of all arthropods collected, 92.5% (4,340/4,694) and 7.5% (354/4,694) were adults and nymphs, respectively. The species most frequently detected were Panstrongylus lutzi (30.36%), Triatoma brasiliensis (26.12%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (22.43%), and Panstrongylus megistus (20.54%). CONCLUSIONS: These data contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of T. cruzi infection in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Preventive measures based on vector control should be implemented in the study area in order to reduce the burden this neglected tropical disease.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from an urban area of North-eastern Brazil: a spatial approach.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. METHODS: Blood samples (n = 241) were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies. The spatial distribution was evaluated using kernel density estimation (KDE). RESULTS: Anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 24.06% (58/241) and 9.54% (23/241) of samples, respectively. A heterogeneous spatial distribution of positive dogs was observed across the city. CONCLUSIONS: These data are pivotal for better understanding the dynamics of infection caused by these protozoa in the canine population.

Spatial distribution of triatomine bugs in a Chagas disease endemic region in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), a zoonotic infection transmitted by triatomine bug vectors to human beings. Although the story of this parasitic infection was born in Brazil and here this has made major step forward information, the same cannot be said about the actual distribution of the triatomine vector in several areas of this country. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of triatomine species in an endemic region for CD in Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using data obtained from 2008 to 2017. All information was provided by the V Gerência Regional de Saúde of the state of Pernambuco. The spatial distribution of triatomine species was analyzed by drawing a map using the Quantum geographic information system. RESULTS: A total of 4,694 triatomine specimens (469.4 ± 221.2 per year) were collected during the period 2008-2017, with 94.5% (4,434/4,694) at the intradomicile and 5.5% (260/4,694) at peridomicile environment. Of all arthropods collected, 92.5% (4,340/4,694) and 7.5% (354/4,694) were adults and nymphs, respectively. The species most frequently detected were Panstrongylus lutzi (30.36%), Triatoma brasiliensis (26.12%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (22.43%), and Panstrongylus megistus (20.54%). CONCLUSIONS: These data contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of T. cruzi infection in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Preventive measures based on vector control should be implemented in the study area in order to reduce the burden this neglected tropical disease.

Seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in dogs from an urban area of North-eastern Brazil: a spatial approach

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. METHODS: Blood samples (n = 241) were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies. The spatial distribution was evaluated using kernel density estimation (KDE). RESULTS Anti-N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 24.06% (58/241) and 9.54% (23/241) of samples, respectively. A heterogeneous spatial distribution of positive dogs was observed across the city. CONCLUSIONS These data are pivotal for better understanding the dynamics of infection caused by these protozoa in the canine population.

Substituição parcial do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo / Partial replacement of corn by pasta waste in diets for Nile tilapia

A 50 days experiment was performed to evaluate the partial replacement of corn by pasta waste in Nile tilapia diets. Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (3,100 kcal kg-1 digestible energy) diets were formulated with increasing levels of corn replacement (0, 10, 20 and 30%) by pasta waste. Nile tilapia juveniles (11.2 ± 0.06 g) were distributed in 12 experimental cages (55 L) in six circular tanks of 310 L (2 cages per tank) in an indoor, recirculation system, under continuous aeration and emergency oxygenation system. Fish were fed to apparent satiation at 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. for 50 days, in a totally randomized experimental design (n = 3). Growth performance, protein and energy productive value and body composition of fish were evaluated. There were no significant differences in growth and body composition parameters between fish fed control and pasta residue diets. Replacement of 30% of dietary corn by pasta residue does not damage growth performance, protein and energy productive value and body composition of Nile tilapia juveniles.

Foi realizado um experimento de 50 dias para avaliar a substituição parcial do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão em dietas de tilápia-do-nilo. Foram formuladas quatro dietas isonitrogenadas (30% proteína bruta) e isoenergéticas (3.100 kcal kg-1 energia digestível) com níveis de substituição do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão (0, 10, 20 e 30%). Juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (11,2 ± 0,06 g) foram distribuídos em 12 gaiolas experimentais (55 L) dispostas em seis tanques circulares de 310 L (2 gaiolas por tanque) em um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração contínua e sistema de oxigenação emergencial. Os peixes foram alimentados até a aparente saciedade às 8:30 h e 16:30 h por 50 dias, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (n = 3). Foram avaliados: o desempenho produtivo, valor produtivo da proteína e energia e composição corporal dos peixes. Não foi observada diferença significativa no desempenho produtivo, retenção de proteína e composição corporal entre os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle (0%) e com resíduo de macarrão (10, 20 e 30%). A substituição de 30% do milho dietético pelo resíduo de macarrão não prejudica o desempenho produtivo, valor produtivo da proteína e energia e a composição corporal de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo.

Substituição parcial do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo / Partial replacement of corn by pasta waste in diets for Nile tilapia

A 50 days experiment was performed to evaluate the partial replacement of corn by pasta waste in Nile tilapia diets. Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (3,100 kcal kg-1 digestible energy) diets were formulated with increasing levels of corn replacement (0, 10, 20 and 30%) by pasta waste. Nile tilapia juveniles (11.2 ± 0.06 g) were distributed in 12 experimental cages (55 L) in six circular tanks of 310 L (2 cages per tank) in an indoor, recirculation system, under continuous aeration and emergency oxygenation system. Fish were fed to apparent satiation at 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. for 50 days, in a totally randomized experimental design (n = 3). Growth performance, protein and energy productive value and body composition of fish were evaluated. There were no significant differences in growth and body composition parameters between fish fed control and pasta residue diets. Replacement of 30% of dietary corn by pasta residue does not damage growth performance, protein and energy productive value and body composition of Nile tilapia juveniles.(AU)

Foi realizado um experimento de 50 dias para avaliar a substituição parcial do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão em dietas de tilápia-do-nilo. Foram formuladas quatro dietas isonitrogenadas (30% proteína bruta) e isoenergéticas (3.100 kcal kg-1 energia digestível) com níveis de substituição do milho pelo resíduo de macarrão (0, 10, 20 e 30%). Juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (11,2 ± 0,06 g) foram distribuídos em 12 gaiolas experimentais (55 L) dispostas em seis tanques circulares de 310 L (2 gaiolas por tanque) em um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração contínua e sistema de oxigenação emergencial. Os peixes foram alimentados até a aparente saciedade às 8:30 h e 16:30 h por 50 dias, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (n = 3). Foram avaliados: o desempenho produtivo, valor produtivo da proteína e energia e composição corporal dos peixes. Não foi observada diferença significativa no desempenho produtivo, retenção de proteína e composição corporal entre os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle (0%) e com resíduo de macarrão (10, 20 e 30%). A substituição de 30% do milho dietético pelo resíduo de macarrão não prejudica o desempenho produtivo, valor produtivo da proteína e energia e a composição corporal de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo.(AU)

First report of albinism in trahira Hoplias malabaricus from Brazil / Primeiro registro de albinismo em traíra Hoplias malabaricus no Brasil

This paper is the first report on an adult female specimen of the trahira, Hoplias malabaricus, caught in the Pernambuco state, which exhibited the characteristics of total albinism.(AU)

Este trabalho é o primeiro registro sobre uma fêmea adulta de traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, capturada no estado de Pernambuco, que apresentou características de albinismo total.(AU)

First report of albinism in trahira Hoplias malabaricus from Brazil / Primeiro registro de albinismo em traíra Hoplias malabaricus no Brasil

This paper is the first report on an adult female specimen of the trahira, Hoplias malabaricus, caught in the Pernambuco state, which exhibited the characteristics of total albinism.(AU)

Este trabalho é o primeiro registro sobre uma fêmea adulta de traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, capturada no estado de Pernambuco, que apresentou características de albinismo total.(AU)