Psychosocial risks factors among victim support workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Being a victim support worker (VSW) involves exposure to victims' suffering, pain, and traumatic events, which may trigger the risk of VSWs developing mental health problems. Psychosocial risks (PSR) and work-related stress are considered the most challenging issues in occupational safety and health, considering they impact individuals, organizations, and economies. METHODS: The purpose of the present study was to identify the PSR in a sample of 196 Portuguese victim support workers (VSW) (Mean age = 36.49; SD = 10.52). A questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics, variables related to VSW's job, and the Portuguese medium version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) were used to assess these professionals' perception of PSR factors. RESULTS: The results reveal that although VSW recognizes some psychosocial factors favourable to their health and well-being, they also identify some PSR that place them at intermediate and severe risk, i.e., emotional and cognitive demands, which are the main areas of risk to the VSW. VSW over 38 years old scored higher in job insecurity, burnout, and offensive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give important insights into the areas that must be enhanced in this context involving VSW. Additionally, the results highlight the relevance of encouraging a healthy and supportive work environment, preventing and promoting the health and well-being of VSW, particularly when considering the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Analysing criminal profiling validity: Underlying problems and future directions.

Criminal profiling is a forensic technique which predicts offenders' personality patterns, behaviours and demographic characteristics. This technique gives the user an insight into and a better understanding of the perpetrators characteristics. The use of this technique in criminal investigations has increased over the years, despite the existing controversy regarding its validity. The aim of this article is to shed light on the limitations of studies carried out on the validity of criminal profiling through the analysis of eight articles selected by a systematic review of the literature. Findings reveal that this forensic technique is as yet to be statistically validated. Pre-existing attempts of validation have been analysed and major problems highlighted in an effort to improve on the results of future studies carried out in this field.

Violência na intimidade nos relacionamentos homossexuais gays e lésbicos / Violencia en la intimidad en las relaciones homosexuales gays y lesbianas / Intimate violence in gay and lesbian relationships

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar a prevalência da violência na intimidade nos relacionamentos homossexuais, gays e lésbicos. A amostra foi constituída por 48 participantes de nacionalidade portuguesa, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 55 anos (M=26.50; DP=8.011), sendo que 72.9% (n=35) se identificam como lésbicas (sexo feminino) e 27.1% (n=13) se identificam como gay (sexo masculino). As tipologias de violência identificadas com maior prevalência pelas vítimas foram a violência psicológica, seguindo-se a violência física, a violência socioeconômica e a violência sexual. No contexto de perpetração de abuso, as tipologias de violência identificadas com maior prevalência foram a violência psicológica, seguindo-se a violência física e, por fim, com a mesma prevalência, a violência sexual e a violência socioeconômica. Afigura-se necessário um maior investimento na produção de conhecimento científico nesta área.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la prevalencia de la violencia en la intimidad en las relaciones homosexuales gays y lesbianas. La muestra del presente estudio está constituida por 48 participantes de nacionalidad portuguesa, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 55 años (M=26.50; DP=8.011), siendo que el 72.9% (n=35) de la muestra se identifica como lesbiana (sexo femenino) y el 27.1% (n=13) se identifica como gay (sexo masculino). Las tipologías de violencia identificadas con mayor prevalencia por las víctimas fueron la violencia psicológica, la violencia física, la violencia socioeconómica y la violencia sexual. En el contexto de perpetración de abuso, las tipologías de violencia identificadas con mayor prevalencia fueron la violencia psicológica, luego la violencia física y, por último, con la misma prevalencia, la violencia sexual y la violencia socioeconómica. Es necesario una mayor inversión en la producción de conocimiento científico en esta área.

Abstract This study aimed to study the prevalence of intimate violence in gay and lesbian relationships. The sample of this study consists of 48 participants of Portuguese nationality, aged between 18 and 55 years (M=26.50; DP=8.011), of which 72.9% (n=35) of the sample is identified as lesbian (female) and 27.1% (n=13) identifies as gay (male). The types of violence identified with the highest prevalence for the victims was psychological violence, followed by physical violence, socio-economic violence and sexual violence. In the context of abuse perpetration, the types of violence identified with the highest prevalence were psychological violence, followed by physical violence and, finally, with the same prevalence, sexual violence and socio-economic violence. There is a need for greater investment in the production of scientific knowledge in this area.

Hepatic abscess due to Dialister pneumosintes - A case report.

Dialister pneumosintes is an obligate anaerobic Gram-negative rod associated with infections of the oral cavity. We report on a previously healthy, 51-year-old woman who presented with a liver abscess caused by Dialister pneumosintes as a complication of a dental abscess. The microorganism was identified by using a broad-range bacterial 16S rRNA gene PCR in the liver exudate. The patient was cured after abscess drainage and 4-week antibiotic treatment. Our case highlights the importance of a good history and physical examination when taking care of patients admitted for pyogenic liver abscess.

Glomerular filtration rate change during chronic hepatitis C treatment with Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir in HCV/HIV Coinfected patients treated with Tenofovir and a boosted protease inhibitor: an observational prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Concomitant use of ledipasvir and boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) may increase the risk of tenofovir (TDF) nephrotoxicity, since both these drugs increase TDF levels. Our aim was to evaluate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) evolution during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) in HCV/HIV coinfected patients, according to their antiretroviral treatment (ARV). METHODS: Observational prospective study of HCV/HIV coinfected patients treated with SOF/LDV. eGFR evolution was evaluated during and 12 weeks after HCV treatment. Patients were categorized in three groups based on ARV regimen: non TDF, non-boosted TDF and TDF + boosted PI. RESULTS: We included 273 patients: 145 were receiving a non-TDF regimen, 78 a non-boosted TDF scheme and 50 were receiving TDF + boosted PI. We observed a statistically significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all groups (non TDF p = 0.03, 95%CI [0.23-3.86], non-boosted TDF p < 0.01, 95%CI [3.36-7.44], TDF + PI p = 0.01, 95%CI [1.09-7.53]). The decrease was more pronounced in those receiving unboosted TDF (- 5.40 ml/min/1.73m2), but differences in eGFR decrease between the three groups were small and not statistically different (p = 0.06). eGFR decrease was greater in patients treated for 24 weeks (p = 0.009) and in cirrhotic patients (p = 0.036). At the end of follow up a recovery of eGFR was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all study groups, that was small and reversible after SOF/LDV discontinuation. TDF was not associated with an increase in renal toxicity.

Stalking e ciberstalking: coocorrência e padrões de vitimação em estudantes universitários / Stalking and cyberstalking: co-occurrence and victimization patterns in university students / Stalking y ciberstalking: coocurrencia y estándares de victimación en estudiantes universitarios

Esta investigação analisou a coocorrência e os respetivos padrões de vitimação do stalking e do ciberstalking em estudantes universitários através do Inventário de Vitimação por Stalking e pela Escala de Avaliação de Ciberstalking. A amostra foi 1.081 estudantes universitários portugueses, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre os 18 e os 58 anos (M = 22,8; DP = 4,94). Os resultados demonstraram taxas de 24,0% de stalking, 22,8% de ciberstalking e de 15,4% de coocorrência de ambos os fenómenos. As 167 vítimas simultaneamente de stalking e ciberstalking eram predominantemente do sexo feminino e os agressores, do sexo masculino. Os comportamentos de stalking e ciberstalking maioritariamente perpetrados foram ações percecionadas como inofensivas e de hiperintimidade. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de políticas de prevenção e intervenção com os estudantes vítimas destas duas formas de violência

This research analysed the co-occurrence and the respective victimization patterns of stalking and cyberstalking in college students through the Inventário de Vitimação por Stalking and the Escala de Avaliação de Ciberstalking. The sample was collected from 1081 Portuguese college students, aged from 18 to 58 years (M = 22.8; SD = 4.94). The results demonstrate 24.0% of stalking rates, 22.8% of cyberstalking and 15.4% of co-occurrence of both types of violence. The 167 simultaneously victims of stalking and cyberstalking were predominantly female and the perpetrators were male. The behaviours of stalking and cyberstalking were actions thought of as apparently harmless and intimate. These results support the need to develop policies for prevention and intervention with college student victims of both forms of violence

La presente investigación analizó la coocurrencia y los correspondientes estándares de victimación del stalking y del ciberstalking en estudiantes universitarios a través del Inventario de Vitimación por Stalking y de la Escala de Evaluación de Ciberstalking. La muestra fue de 1.081 estudiantes universitarios portugueses, de los dos sexos y con edades entre los 18 y los 58 años (M = 22,8, DE = 4,94). Los resultados demostraron tasas de 24,0% de stalking, 22,8% de ciberstalking y de 15,4% de coocurrencia de los dos fenómenos. Las 167 víctimas simultáneamente de stalking y ciberstalking eran predominantemente del sexo femenino y los agresores del sexo masculino Los comportamientos de stalking y ciberstalking mayoritariamente cometidos fueron acciones percibidas como inofensivas y de hiperintimidad. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de políticas de prevención e intervención con los estudiantes víctimas de estas dos formas de violencia

A dissecação como ferramenta pedagógica no ensino da Anatomia em Portugal / Dissection as a pedagogical tool in anatomy teaching in Portugal / La disecación como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza de la Anatomía en Portugal

Ao longo da História, a importância da utilização de cadáveres humanos para o ensino e investigação não tem sido consensual. No passado, a obtenção dos cadáveres indispensáveis ao ensino passou pelo recurso a cadáveres de reclusos, de não reclamados e ao roubo e/ou compra. Para além da inadmissibilidade ética e jurídica destas soluções, estas revelaram-se insuficientes para as necessidades das escolas médicas. Nas últimas décadas, a consciência global da legitimidade da doação de cadáveres foi-se intensificando, considerando-se, hoje, a forma digna de colmatar essa falta. Neste artigo realizou-se uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de se fazer uma resenha histórica, jurídica e pedagógica sobre a importância da utilização de cadáveres humanos no ensino da Anatomia Humana nos cursos de Medicina, incluindo em Portugal, nomeadamente pelo recurso à dissecação cadavérica em complementaridade com outras ferramentas pedagógicas.

Over the course of history, there has not been any consensus regarding the importance of using human cadavers for educational and research purposes. In the past, to obtain the cadavers essential for teaching, it was necessary not only to use cadavers of the condemned and those not claimed by their families, but also to steal and/or purchase corpses. These solutions, besides being ethically and legally inadmissible, always proved to be insufficient for the needs of medical schools. Over the last few decades, global awareness of the legitimacy of cadaver donation has gradually increased, and this is considered today to be the dignified way to fill this need. This article presents a historical, legal and pedagogical review of the literature on the importance of using of human cadavers in the teaching of human anatomy in medical schools, including in Portugal, especially the role of cadaveric dissection complementarily with other teaching tools.

A lo largo de la historia, la importancia de la utilización de cadáveres humanos para la enseñanza y la investigación no ha sido un consenso. En el pasado, la obtención de los cadáveres indispensables para la enseñanza contaba con el recurso de cadáveres de presos, de no reclamados y del robo/compra de ellos. Más allá de la inadmisibilidad ética y jurídica de estas soluciones, ellas se mostraron insuficientes para las necesidades de las escuelas médicas. En las últimas décadas, la conciencia global de la legitimidad de la donación de cadáveres se fue intensificando, considerándose hoy día una forma digna de suplir esa falta. En este artículo se realizó una revisión de la literatura con el objetivo de hacer una reseña histórica, jurídica y pedagógica sobre la importancia de la utilización de cadáveres humanos en la enseñanza de Anatomía Humana en los cursos de Medicina, incluyendo en Portugal principalmente el recursos para la disecación cadavérica en complemento con otras herramientas pedagógicas.