[The level of genetic variability of cells in prolonged suspension culture of Arabidopsis thaliana].

The level of heterogeneity and genetic variability of cells in a suspension of Arabidopsis thaliana cultured in vitro for more than seven years was studied. The considerable heterogeneity of the suspension in cell size was shown. As revealed by nuclear DNA cytophotometry, the suspension culture was mixoploid and the amount of DNA in the cells varied from 4 to 16 C. However, PCR with 6 RAPD- and 4 ISSR-primers and their intra-group combinations showed the lowest degree of variability of DNA markers. The genetic distances of clones obtained from a suspension culture of the parent plant were only 1.5%. Differences between the clones were identified with only one pair of 31 primer combinations tested, indicating low level of genetic heterogeneity of the suspension. The results showed that variations in the amount of DNA in the suspension culture cells are not accompanied by significant changes in the DNA sequence.

[Line class retroposon is the component of the DNA polymorphic fragments pattern of trematode Himasthla elongata parthenitae].

We have determined that S-SAP method (Sequence specific amplification polymorphism) reveals clonal variability in the genomes of larvae of flatworm Himasthla elongata (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Being parthenogenetic the larvae were previously considered to be genetically homogeneous. Cloning and sequencing of a -500 bp conservative fragment (B1) from the fragments' pattern has been performed. Sequence analysis of B1 has shown that this fragment has maximum homology with LINE elements from CR1 family of Hydra and sparrow. In situ hybridization (FISH) has detected dispersed distribution of B1. Several other fragments cloned from the same lane of agarose electrophoresis correspond to conservative domain of reverse transcriptase (RT) from CR1 family. Thus, we have shown that 1) cercariae of trematode H. elongata have clonal variability; 2) the S-SAP method allows to obtaining patterns of fragment distribution characteristic of individual cercariae; 3) conservative domain of RT of CR1 family participates in the pattern of polymorphic fragments generation. Identification of the CR1 transcripts in cercariae of H. elongata transcriptome is the aim of the future work. Cloning of the variable fragments from the fragments' pattern is in progress.

[Freezing of dehydrated calluses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in liquid nitrogen and their morphogenetic potential].

A cryopreservation method developed earlier was modified for freezing the calluses derived from mature embryos of four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pure lines. The effects of individual stages of cryopreservation protocol on the water content, number of calluses resuming growth, and rate of morphogenesis were analyzed. Growth resumption was observed in 90.5-100% of the calluses after dehydration and in 93.3-100% after freezing-thawing. The number of calluses displaying signs of morphogenesis considerably decreased after dehydration but remained almost the same after freezing-thawing.

[Content of biologically active substances--selenium, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and chlorophyllin of Allium ursinum L and Allium victorialis L].

Accumulation of selenium, flavonoids, chlorophyll and vitamin C by Allium ursinum L. and Allium victorialis L. are studied. Allium victorialis L. is shown to accumulate twice more selenium and flavonoids compared to Allium ursinum L. Increase of insolation elevates the concentration of the element, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in plants. Selenium concentration in Allium victorialis L. after selenium fertilization is higher compared to Allium ursinum L. The results indicate the significance of Allium victorialis L. as a source of natural antioxidants: selenium, flavonoids and ascorbic acid.

[Principles of constructing synbiotic preparations, and evaluation of their clinical effectiveness].

The problem of constructing means of correction of gastrointestinal microflora is utterly important. The most promising direction here seems to be construction of synbiotics containing a multiprobiotic complex of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, modeling the microbiocenosis of a certain age group, inulin, as a prebiotic factor and a vitamin and mineral complex. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biologically active food supplement "Normospectrum" vs. the commercial preparation "Bifidumbacterin", its ability to correct the intestinal microflora and the functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract in children. "Normospectrum" was well tolerated, favored regression of the main clinical manifestations, and had positive effect on the intestinal microbiocenosis, increasing the proportion of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and escherichiae with full enzymatic activity, and lowering the proportion of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the intestinal tract. The effects of "Normospectrum" on the functional disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal microflora were much more profound than those of "Bifidumbacterin". Good tolerance and positive effects of the new probiotic preparation "Normospectrum" on the intestinal microbiosis allows recommending it for broad clinical application in children when correction of dysbiotic shifts in the intestinal microflora is necessary.

[Microbial ecology and the state of the gastrointestinal mucosa in patients with allergic diseases]. / Mikrobnaia ékologiia i sostoianie slizistoi obolochki zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u bol'nykh allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Patients with allergic diseases of the skin and the respiratory system were found to have a high rate of disturbances in the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and the involvement of all its sections into the pathological process. On the mucous membrane of different sections of the digestive tract spiral-like bacteria were detected in a large percentage of cases. The possibility of the fact that the development and maintenance of the allergic process were evidently linked with the detected changes in the microbial ecology and pathomorphological features of the gastrointestinal mucosa could hardly be excluded, which made it necessary to make corrections in the therapeutic process.

[Clinical and microbiological features of acute enteric mixed infection caused by Hafnia alvei and rotavirus]. / Kliniko-mikrobiologicheskie osobennosti ostroi kishechnoi mikst-infektsii, vyzvannoi bakteriiami Hafnia alvei i rotavirusom.

The data obtained in the clinical and laboratory study of 72 hospitalized patients with acute enteric infection are presented. The observed outbreak was caused by H. alvei producing heat-stable enterotoxin. The role of this etiological agent is also confirmed by simultaneous occurrence of the disease after using the same foodstuff, a short incubation period, the severity of the course of the disease with pronounced symptoms of neurotoxicosis, a high detection rate of H. alvei in material taken from patients at the acute period of the disease, rapid disappearance of this agent in the period of convalescence and a pronounced rise in the titer of specific antibodies to H. alvei in the dynamics of the disease. At the same time in the feces of 8 patients rotavirus antigen was detected, which, in combination with residual catarrhal phenomena, hyperemia and granularity of the pharynx, yellow stool, was indicative of the simultaneous circulation of rotavirus among these patients.

[The efficacy of the new bacterial preparation biosporin in treating acute intestinal infections]. / Effektivnost' novogo bakteriinogo preparata biosporina pri pechenii ostrykh kishechnykh ifektsii.

The clinico-laboratory study of the new probiotic Biosporin revealed its effectiveness in the treatment of patients with acute enteric infections. The pronounced curative action of the preparation, manifested by the rapid normalization of stool, the disappearance of abdominal pains and the decrease of dysbiosis in the intestine, was demonstrated. The best results were registered after the administration of Biosporin containing 2 x 10(9) microbial cells (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis). Biosporin was well tolerated by the patients, no side effects were observed. Biosporin is recommended for use in medical practice for the treatment of patients with acute enteric infections.

[Characteristics of the course of the wound process in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the effect of morphine, substance P and its fragment SP1-4]. / Osobennosti techeniia ranevogo protsessa u spontanno gipertenzivnykh krys i vliianie morfina, substantsii P i ee fragmenta SP1-4.

The paper demonstrates that in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared with normotensive controls exudative processes at the sites of lesions are much more prominent. Such exudative processes include edema, fibrinous exudation as well as permeability of capillaries and venular walls for leukocytes. These effects prolong the phase of its inflammation and retard the regeneration phase in wound healing. Morphine and SP1-11 stimulate in a similar fashion repair during wound healing in the both rat strains. Their effect is similar to the effect of opioid peptides. SP1-4 does not affect vessel reactivity and wound healing in SHR, which is related to disturbed expression of receptors to SP fragments. Synergism in the effect of two functional antagonists i.e. opioids and SP on wound healing confirms our hypothesis about the role of pain as an inducer of a variety of mechanisms underlying repair regeneration.

[Effects of opioid peptide dalargin on reparative processes in wound healing]. / Vliianie opiopeptida dalargina na reparativnye protsessy pri zashivlenii ran.

At intraperitoneal injection and local application of opioid peptide dalargin induces fibroblast proliferation (3-fold increase in the mitotic index) and growth of capillaries, accelerates the maturation of granulation tissue and of scar, epitheliazation of the defect, and considerably reduces the period of healing of skin wound in rats. The stimulating action of dalargin is associated with its effect on the microcirculation system and activation of the macrophage-fibroblast interaction. Possessing the triggering mechanism, the drug induces a cascade of inflammatory-reparative reactions, which reduce the duration of all healing stages.

[Opioid activity of peptides and wound healing of the skin]. / Opioidnaia aktivnost' peptidov i zazhivlenie ran kozhi.

The binding of dalargin, its four analogues and FK-33824, DADLE, met-enkephalin and morphine to peripheral mu- and delta-receptors and to brain receptors has been investigated in comparison with their influence on skin wound healing in rats. It has been shown that only substances with opiate activity, including morphine, stimulated wound healing. No correlation between wound healing effect of peptides and their binding to a definite receptor has been found. Naloxone inhibited wound healing and suppressed opiate peptide-mediated healing process. It is suggested that endogenous opiate peptides are involved in the maintenance of structural homeostasis.

[A new peptide activator of reparative tissue regeneration]. / Novyi peptidnyi aktivator reparativnoi regeneratsii tkanei.

Synthetic analog of leucine enkephalin--hexapeptide dalargin was shown to stimulate healing of skin wounds in rats, dogs and mini-pigs at local and parenteral administration in doses of 0.1-100 micrograms/kg. Acceleration of proliferation with an increase of fibroblast mitoses, earlier and active growth of vascular elements, rapid maturation of granulation tissue and accelerated epithelialization were observed.

[Effect of transcranial non-invasive stimulation of the antinociceptive structures of the brain on processes of repair]. / Vliianie transkranial'nogo neinvazivnogo razdrazheniia antinotsitseptivnykh struktur mozga na protsessy reparatsii.

Transcranial electrical stimulation (AC + DC) of antinociceptive brain structures causing the maximal analgetic effect accelerated skin-wound healing in rats. The effect being completely blocked with naloxone. Participation of opioidergic, antinociceptive brain structures in wound healing and maintenance of structural homeostasis, is discussed.

[Participation of the lacrimal glands in wound healing processes]. / Uchastie sleznykh zhelez v protsessakh zazhivleniia ran.

A hypothesis is advanced that nociceptive stimulation activates the functional system of wound healing. Experiments were made to investigate whether the lacrimal glands, which are activated due to pain, are involved in the system of healing. Rat experiments have demonstrated that nociceptive stimulation of the lacrimal glands accelerates the repair of cutaneous wounds by 26 to 30%. Lacrimectomy accompanied by distension of wound rims (up to 26% by the 3d-4th hour) inhibits the rate of healing by 18 to 20%. Intraperitoneal injection of a lacrimal gland extract activates healing in lacrimectomized rats. The data obtained suggest that the lacrimal glands are involved in wound healing.

[Long-term culture of the rat medial aorta with preservation of the characteristic properties of differentiated smooth muscle vascular cells]. / Dlitel'noe kul'tivirovanie medii aorty krys s sokhraneniem kharakternykh svoistv differentsirovannykh gladkomyshechnykh sosudistykh kletok.

The authors provide the results of a long-term cultivation (106 passages during 2 years) of smooth muscle cells of rat aorta media, where the cells preserve the signs characteristic for their differentiation: ability to contract, specific ultrastructure (the presence of the caveole series, microfilaments of 4-6 nm, intermediate filaments of 10 nm, dark bodies in the cytoplasm), and ability to synthesize the alpha-form of actin specific for smooth muscle vascular cells.