RÉSUMÉ
There is evidence that hyperglycemia results in the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress in various tissues, including vascular system. An important link between oxidative stress, inflammatory response and insulin activity is now well established. The ability of antioxidants to protect against the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia and also to improve glucose metabolism and intake must be considered as leads of choice in diabetes treatment. In addition to their antioxidative activity, many flavonoids were demonstrated to act on biological targets involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus such as: α-glycosidase, glucose cotransporter or aldose reductase. In this context, flavonoids behaving as antioxidants were studied as potential drugs by acting as biological targets involved in diabetes development. In this review, we propose to shed light on antioxidants flavonoids investigated as antidiabetics. A special focus was made to address the structure-activity relationship related to the effect of these naturally occurring molecules on different targets involved in diabetes development.
Sujet(s)
Antioxydants/usage thérapeutique , Diabète de type 2/traitement médicamenteux , Flavonoïdes/usage thérapeutique , Hypoglycémiants/usage thérapeutique , Stress oxydatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Aldose reductase/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Glucose/métabolisme , Transporteurs de glucose par diffusion facilitée/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Transporteurs de glucose par diffusion facilitée/métabolisme , Produits terminaux de glycation avancée/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Inhibiteurs des glycoside hydrolases , Humains , Hyperglycémie/traitement médicamenteux , Stress oxydatif/physiologie , Relation quantitative structure-activité , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène/métabolisme , Relation structure-activitéRÉSUMÉ
Efflux pumps located in the bacterial membranes are responsible for low level resistance to antibiotics, considered not to be relevant in the clinic and thus often neglected. However, these pumps contribute to the emergence of high level antibiotic resistance mechanisms, which are responsible for severe complications during the treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore it is necessary to take into account these pumps while developing novel antibacterial agents. Among these new research strategies, the development of efflux pump inhibitors seems to be an attractive approach to restore the activity of some "classical" antibiotics and to limit the emergence of multiresistant strains associated with hospital-acquired infections. In this review, we focalise on Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps and their potential inhibitors.