Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Montrer: 20 | 50 | 100
Résultats 1 - 20 de 122
Filtrer
1.
Int J Paleopathol ; 46: 16-23, 2024 Jun 11.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38865933

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVES: To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis METHODS: Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection. RESULTS: Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis. SIGNIFICANCE: Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past. LIMITATIONS: These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.

2.
Osteoporos Int ; 30(11): 2299-2310, 2019 Nov.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31297567

RÉSUMÉ

Despite its effectiveness, bisphosphonate use for osteoporosis is low. We assessed bisphosphonate information on the internet and found the most commonly listed benefits/risks were bone density loss, gastrointestinal issues, and jaw necrosis, that risk quantification was rare, and information quality varied. Findings underscore the importance of clinical communication about bisphosphonates. INTRODUCTION: The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends osteoporosis screening and treatment with bisphosphonates in high-risk populations. However, bisphosphonate use among individuals with osteoporosis remains low. The content and quality of information from outside sources may influence individuals' bisphosphonate decisions. Therefore, we sought to assess the content and quality of osteoporosis treatment information available to the public by conducting an internet search and coding available bisphosphonate information. METHODS: Eleven search terms about osteoporosis and bisphosphonates were entered into four search engines. Two raters assessed websites for information about bisphosphonates, whether and how benefits and side effects were described and quantified, contraindications, and dosing instructions. Coders also assessed website interface and slant/balance of information. RESULTS: One thousand four hundred seventy-three websites were identified. Two hundred twenty-seven websites met inclusion criteria and were coded. The most common bisphosphonate benefit described was prevention of bone density loss (77.1% of websites). The most common side effects described were gastrointestinal problems (66.1%) and jaw osteonecrosis (58.6%). Most websites did not quantify bisphosphonate benefits (78.0%) or side effects (82.4%). Complementary/integrative health websites (p < .001) and pharmaceutical litigation websites (p < .001) were more often slanted against taking bisphosphonates, compared to all websites coded. General medical knowledge websites were more balanced than other websites (p = .023). CONCLUSIONS: The quality of bisphosphonate information on the internet varies substantially. Providers counseling patients about osteoporosis treatment should inquire about patients' baseline bisphosphonate knowledge. Providers can complement accurate information and address potential bisphosphonate misconceptions.


Sujet(s)
Diphosphonates/usage thérapeutique , Communication sur la santé/normes , Internet , Ostéoporose/traitement médicamenteux , Indicateurs qualité santé , Densité osseuse , Agents de maintien de la densité osseuse/effets indésirables , Agents de maintien de la densité osseuse/usage thérapeutique , Diphosphonates/effets indésirables , Éducation pour la santé/normes , Humains , Diffusion de l'information , Moteur de recherche
3.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 2816, 2018 02 12.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29434330

RÉSUMÉ

Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) experiments have been deployed in marine ecosystems to manipulate carbonate system conditions to those predicted in future oceans. We investigated whether the pH/carbonate chemistry of extremely cold polar waters can be manipulated in an ecologically relevant way, to represent conditions under future atmospheric CO2 levels, in an in-situ FOCE experiment in Antarctica. We examined spatial and temporal variation in local ambient carbonate chemistry at hourly intervals at two sites between December and February and compared these with experimental conditions. We successfully maintained a mean pH offset in acidified benthic chambers of -0.38 (±0.07) from ambient for approximately 8 weeks. Local diel and seasonal fluctuations in ambient pH were duplicated in the FOCE system. Large temporal variability in acidified chambers resulted from system stoppages. The mean pH, Ωarag and fCO2 values in the acidified chambers were 7.688 ± 0.079, 0.62 ± 0.13 and 912 ± 150 µatm, respectively. Variation in ambient pH appeared to be mainly driven by salinity and biological production and ranged from 8.019 to 8.192 with significant spatio-temporal variation. This experiment demonstrates the utility of FOCE systems to create conditions expected in future oceans that represent ecologically relevant variation, even under polar conditions.

4.
Br J Anaesth ; 117(6): 720-732, 2016 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27956670

RÉSUMÉ

Falls are a known public health problem, and there is increasing recognition of the importance of perioperative falls for risk prediction and quality assessment. Our objective was to review existing literature regarding the occurrence, injuries, and risk factors of preoperative and postoperative falls. A systematized search of PubMed entries between 1947 and November 2015 produced 24 articles that met inclusion criteria. Most studied orthopaedic surgery patients older than 65 yr. Four were rated 'good' quality. Interrater reliability for the quality assessment was moderate (κ = 0.77). In the 3-12 months before surgery, the proportion of preoperative patients who fell ranged from 24 to 48%. Injuries were common (70%). The rate of postoperative falls ranged from 0.8 to 16.3 per 1000 person-days, with a gradual decline in the months after surgery. Injuries from postoperative falls occurred in 10-70% of fallers, and 5-20% experienced a severe injury. Risk factors were not well studied. Prospective studies reported a higher percentage of falls and fall-related injuries than retrospective studies, suggesting that there may be underdetection of falls and injuries with retrospective studies. Perioperative falls were more common than falls reported in the general community, even up to 12 months after surgery. Surgery-related falls may therefore occur beyond the hospitalization period. Future studies should use a prospective design, validated definitions, and broader populations to study perioperative falls. In particular, investigations of risk factors and follow-up after hospitalization are needed. REGISTRY NUMBER: PROSPERO registration number CRD42015029971.


Sujet(s)
Chutes accidentelles/statistiques et données numériques , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Hospitalisation/statistiques et données numériques , Humains , Période postopératoire , Facteurs de risque
5.
BMJ Open ; 6(6): e011505, 2016 06 15.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27311914

RÉSUMÉ

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative delirium, arbitrarily defined as occurring within 5 days of surgery, affects up to 50% of patients older than 60 after a major operation. This geriatric syndrome is associated with longer intensive care unit and hospital stay, readmission, persistent cognitive deterioration and mortality. No effective preventive methods have been identified, but preliminary evidence suggests that EEG monitoring during general anaesthesia, by facilitating reduced anaesthetic exposure and EEG suppression, might decrease incident postoperative delirium. This study hypothesises that EEG-guidance of anaesthetic administration prevents postoperative delirium and downstream sequelae, including falls and decreased quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a 1232 patient, block-randomised, double-blinded, comparative effectiveness trial. Patients older than 60, undergoing volatile agent-based general anaesthesia for major surgery, are eligible. Patients are randomised to 1 of 2 anaesthetic approaches. One group receives general anaesthesia with clinicians blinded to EEG monitoring. The other group receives EEG-guidance of anaesthetic agent administration. The outcomes of postoperative delirium (≤5 days), falls at 1 and 12 months and health-related quality of life at 1 and 12 months will be compared between groups. Postoperative delirium is assessed with the confusion assessment method, falls with ProFaNE consensus questions and quality of life with the Veteran's RAND 12-item Health Survey. The intention-to-treat principle will be followed for all analyses. Differences between groups will be presented with 95% CIs and will be considered statistically significant at a two-sided p<0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) is approved by the ethics board at Washington University. Recruitment began in January 2015. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, internet-based educational materials and mass media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02241655; Pre-results.


Sujet(s)
Chutes accidentelles/statistiques et données numériques , Anesthésie générale/effets indésirables , Délire avec confusion/épidémiologie , Électroencéphalographie/méthodes , Complications postopératoires/prévention et contrôle , Chutes accidentelles/prévention et contrôle , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Délire avec confusion/prévention et contrôle , Femelle , Humains , Durée du séjour , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Monitorage physiologique , Complications postopératoires/étiologie , Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet , Qualité de vie , Analyse de régression , Plan de recherche , États-Unis
6.
Opt Lett ; 39(23): 6735-8, 2014 Dec 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25490665

RÉSUMÉ

An all-polarization maintaining (PM) fiber chirped pulse amplifier system at 2.08 µm based on thulium:holmium codoped gain fibers is reported. An inhouse built oscillator emits pulses at a repetition rate of 7 MHz with a spectral full width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 23.5 nm at 2.8 mW average output power. The pulses are temporally stretched and subsequently amplified in a double-stage amplifier setup. The stretched pulses are compressed to 383 fs by use of a Martinez-style setup at an output pulse energy of 10.2 nJ. By neglecting temporal stretching, high peak powers in a single amplifier stage led to Raman soliton formation at 2.3 µm.

7.
Rev Sci Instrum ; 85(2): 02B909, 2014 Feb.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24593614

RÉSUMÉ

Two linear trap devices for particle beam manipulation (including emittance reduction, cooling, control of instabilities, dust dynamics, and non-neutral plasmas) are here presented, namely, a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler and a compact Penning trap with a dust injector. Both beam dynamics studies by means of dedicated codes including the interaction of the ions with a buffer gas (up to 3 Pa pressure), and the electromagnetic design of the RFQ beam cooler are reported. The compact multipurpose Penning trap is aimed to the study of multispecies charged particle samples, primarily electron beams interacting with a background gas and/or a micrometric dust contaminant. Using a 0.9 T solenoid and an electrode stack where both static and RF electric fields can be applied, both beam transport and confinement operations will be available. The design of the apparatus is presented.

8.
Nature ; 506(7489): 445-50, 2014 Feb 27.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24553142

RÉSUMÉ

Ependymomas are common childhood brain tumours that occur throughout the nervous system, but are most common in the paediatric hindbrain. Current standard therapy comprises surgery and radiation, but not cytotoxic chemotherapy as it does not further increase survival. Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of 47 hindbrain ependymomas reveals an extremely low mutation rate, and zero significant recurrent somatic single nucleotide variants. Although devoid of recurrent single nucleotide variants and focal copy number aberrations, poor-prognosis hindbrain ependymomas exhibit a CpG island methylator phenotype. Transcriptional silencing driven by CpG methylation converges exclusively on targets of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 which represses expression of differentiation genes through trimethylation of H3K27. CpG island methylator phenotype-positive hindbrain ependymomas are responsive to clinical drugs that target either DNA or H3K27 methylation both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that epigenetic modifiers are the first rational therapeutic candidates for this deadly malignancy, which is epigenetically deregulated but genetically bland.


Sujet(s)
Ilots CpG/génétique , Épendymome/génétique , Épigenèse génétique/génétique , Animaux , Tumeurs du cerveau/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du cerveau/génétique , Méthylation de l'ADN/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Cellules souches embryonnaires/métabolisme , Épendymome/traitement médicamenteux , Épigénomique , Femelle , Régulation de l'expression des gènes tumoraux , Extinction de l'expression des gènes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Histone/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Histone/métabolisme , Humains , Nourrisson , Souris , Souris de lignée NOD , Souris SCID , Mutation/génétique , Phénotype , Complexe répresseur Polycomb-2/métabolisme , Pronostic , Rhombencéphale/anatomopathologie , Tests d'activité antitumorale sur modèle de xénogreffe
9.
Opt Express ; 21(10): 11670-87, 2013 May 20.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23736390

RÉSUMÉ

We investigate how suppressed modes in frequency combs are modified upon frequency doubling and self-phase modulation. We find, both experimentally and by using a simplified model, that these side-modes are amplified relative to the principal comb modes. Whereas frequency doubling increases their relative strength by 6 dB, the growth due to self-phase modulation can be much stronger and generally increases with nonlinear propagation length. Upper limits for this effect are derived in this work. This behavior has implications for high-precision calibration of spectrographs with frequency combs used for example in astronomy. For this application, Fabry-Pérot filter cavities are used to increase the mode spacing to exceed the resolution of the spectrograph. Frequency conversion and/or spectral broadening after non-perfect filtering reamplify the suppressed modes, which can lead to calibration errors.


Sujet(s)
Amplificateurs électroniques , Interférométrie/instrumentation , Réfractométrie/instrumentation , Analyse spectrale/instrumentation , Simulation numérique , Conception assistée par ordinateur , Conception d'appareillage , Analyse de panne d'appareillage , Modèles théoriques , Dynamique non linéaire
10.
Opt Lett ; 37(5): 770-2, 2012 Mar 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22378388

RÉSUMÉ

We report the formation of an ultrabroad supercontinuum down to 280 nm in the deep UV by pumping sharply tapered (5-30 mm taper lengths) solid-core photonic crystal fibers with 130 fs, 2 nJ pulses at 800 nm. The taper moves the point of soliton fission to a position where the core is narrower, a process that requires normal dispersion at the input face of the fiber. We find that the generation of deep-UV radiation is limited by strong two-photon absorption in the silica.

11.
Sci Total Environ ; 410-411: 205-16, 2011 Dec 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22018965

RÉSUMÉ

Diesels and lubricants used at research stations can persist in terrestrial and marine sediments for decades, but knowledge of their effects on the surrounding environments is limited. In a 5 year in situ investigation, marine sediment spiked with Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) diesel was placed on the seabed of O'Brien Bay near Casey Station, Antarctica and sampled after 5, 56, 65, 104 and 260 weeks. The rates and possible mechanisms of removal of the diesel from the marine sediments are presented here. The hydrocarbons within the spiked sediment were removed at an overall rate of 4.7mg total petroleum hydrocarbons kg(-1) sediment week(-1), or 245mgkg(-1)year(-1), although seasonal variation was evident. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons fell markedly from 2020±340mgkg(-1) to 800±190mgkg(-1), but after 5 years the spiked sediment was still contaminated relative to natural organic matter (160±170mgkg(-1)). Specific compounds in SAB diesel preferentially decreased in concentration, but not as would be expected if biodegradation was the sole mechanism responsible. Naphthalene was removed more readily than n-alkanes, suggesting that aqueous dissolution played a major role in the reduction of SAB diesel. 1,3,5,7-Teramethyladamantane and 1,3-dimethyladamantane were the most recalcitrant isomers in the spiked marine sediment. Dissolution of aromatic compounds from marine sediment increases the availability of more soluble, aromatic compounds in the water column. This could increase the area of contamination and potentially broaden the region impacted by ecotoxicological effects from shallow sediment dwelling fauna, as noted during biodegradation, to shallow (<19m) water dwelling fauna.


Sujet(s)
Essence/analyse , Sédiments géologiques/composition chimique , Hydrocarbures/métabolisme , Polluants chimiques de l'eau/métabolisme , Régions antarctiques , Dépollution biologique de l'environnement , Surveillance de l'environnement , Ionisation de flamme
12.
Opt Express ; 19(21): 21003-10, 2011 Oct 10.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21997108

RÉSUMÉ

We explore the use of a highly nonlinear chalcogenide-silica waveguide for supercontinuum generation in the near infrared. The structure was fabricated by a pressure-assisted melt-filling of a silica capillary fiber (1.6 µm bore diameter) with Ga4Ge21Sb10S65 glass. It was designed to have zero group velocity dispersion (for HE11 core mode) at 1550 nm. Pumping a 1 cm length with 60 fs pulses from an erbium-doped fiber laser results in the generation of octave-spanning supercontinuum light for pulse energies of only 60 pJ. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental results and theoretical predictions based on numerical solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The pressure-assisted melt-filling approach makes it possible to realize highly nonlinear devices with unusual combinations of materials. For example, we show numerically that a 1 cm long As2S3:silica step-index fiber with a core diameter of 1 µm, pumped by 60 fs pulses at 1550 nm, would generate a broadband supercontinuum out to 4 µm.

13.
Opt Express ; 19(17): 15690-5, 2011 Aug 15.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21934930

RÉSUMÉ

We report the use of a specially designed tapered photonic crystal fiber to produce a broadband optical spectrum covering the visible spectral range. The pump source is a frequency doubled Yb fiber laser operating at a repetition rate of 14 GHz and emitting sub-5 pJ pulses. We experimentally determine the optimum core diameter and achieve a 235 nm broad spectrum. Numerical simulations are used to identify the underlying mechanisms and explain spectral features. The high repetition rate makes this system a promising candidate for precision calibration of astronomical spectrographs.

14.
Phys Rev Lett ; 106(8): 083903, 2011 Feb 25.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21405574

RÉSUMÉ

We show that solitons undergo a strong blueshift in fibers with a dispersion landscape that varies along the direction of propagation. The experiments are based on a small-core photonic crystal fiber, tapered to have a core diameter that varies continuously along its length, resulting in a zero-dispersion wavelength that moves from 731 nm to 640 nm over the transition. The central wavelength of a soliton translates over 400 nm towards a shorter wavelength. This is accompanied by strong emission of radiation into the UV and IR spectral regions. The experimental results are confirmed by numerical simulation.

15.
Mol Microbiol ; 79(4): 830-45, 2011 Feb.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21299642

RÉSUMÉ

Bacteria comprehensively reorganize their global gene expression when faced with starvation. The alarmone ppGpp facilitates this massive response by co-ordinating the downregulation of genes of the translation apparatus, and the induction of biosynthetic genes and the general stress response. Such a large reorientation requires the activities of multiple regulators, yet the regulatory network downstream of ppGpp remains poorly defined. Transcription profiling during isoleucine depletion, which leads to gradual starvation (over > 100 min), allowed us to identify genes that required ppGpp, Lrp and RpoS for their induction and to deduce the regulon response times. Although the Lrp and RpoS regulons required ppGpp for their activation, they were not induced simultaneously. The data suggest that metabolic genes, i.e. those of the Lrp regulon, require only a low level of ppGpp for their induction. In contrast, the RpoS regulon was induced only when high levels of ppGpp accumulated. We tested several predictions of a model that explains how bacteria allocate transcriptional resources between metabolism and stress response by discretely tuning two regulatory circuits to different levels of ppGpp. The emergent regulatory structure insures that stress survival circuits are only triggered if homeostatic metabolic networks fail to compensate for environmental deficiencies.


Sujet(s)
Escherichia coli/physiologie , Régulation de l'expression des gènes bactériens , Guanosine tétraphosphate/biosynthèse , Protéines bactériennes/métabolisme , Escherichia coli/génétique , Escherichia coli/métabolisme , Protéines Escherichia coli/métabolisme , Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes , Guanosine tétraphosphate/génétique , Guanosine tétraphosphate/métabolisme , Isoleucine/métabolisme , Protéine régulatrice à leucines/métabolisme , Voies et réseaux métaboliques , Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie , Régions promotrices (génétique) , Régulon , Facteur sigma/métabolisme , Stress physiologique
16.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol ; 24(9): 1094-8, 2010 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20553355

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common type of irritative dermatitis in infancy. It is frequently complicated by Candida superinfection. OBJECTIVE: Comparison of efficacy and safety of two antifungal pastes (Imazol = 1% clotrimazole; Multilind = 100,000 IU nystatin/g + 20% zinc oxide) in infants with DD. METHODS: A total of 96 infants were included in this multi-centre, controlled, randomized, evaluator-blinded phase IV trial and treated with pastes containing either clotrimazole (n = 45) or nystatin (n = 46) twice daily for 14 days. In all, 91 children (age 12.1 +/- 5.3 months; 48 females) with DD were evaluable. Total symptom score after 7 days (TSS7) was assessed as primary parameter. Secondary efficacy parameters were TSS at 14 days (TSS14), clinical and microbiological cure rates and global assessment (GA) of clinical response. RESULTS: TSS improved markedly with both pastes. Decreases in symptom score were 4.5 +/- 2.1 (day 7) and 6.1 +/- 1.9 (day 14) with clotrimazole compared with 4.2 +/- 2.3 and 5.4 +/- 2.4 with nystatin (P < 0.0001). With respect to TSS14, clotrimazole was superior to nystatin (P = 0.0434). Clinical cure rate was higher with clotrimazole [36.2% (day 7) and 68.1% (day 14)] compared with 28.6% and 46.9% (nystatin). GA was very good in 26 (55.3%) clotrimazole-treated children (nystatin: 16 [32.7%], P = 0.0257). Frequency of adverse events was comparable in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Clotrimazole was superior to nystatin with respect to reduction in symptom score and GA. Microbiological cure rate was 100% for both agents. Both treatments were safe and well-tolerated.


Sujet(s)
Antifongiques/usage thérapeutique , Dermatite/traitement médicamenteux , Adolescent , Antifongiques/effets indésirables , Enfant , Dermatite/étiologie , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Mâle
17.
Gesundheitswesen ; 71(6): 358-62, 2009 Jun.
Article de Allemand | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19288423

RÉSUMÉ

National and ethnic diversities among and within groups of migrants present great challenges to health care, not only in Germany. Access to regular health care, in particular for relatively small migrant groups and new immigrants is sometimes difficult. In addition, specific cultural aspects and legal implications--such as the residence status--must be taken into account when setting up a complementary system of health care. Methods and arrangements should make use of already existing resources of the health care system as well as proceed to direct cooperation with migrant communities. The public health service with its wide range of technical and organisational efficiency can play a key role here, especially in the municipal sector, both for an effective medical care for those who have difficulties in gaining access to the system, as well as for developing municipal networks, cooperating with a maximum number of medical service providers, organisations, and regarding specific migrant lifestyles. Social and ethic aspects of medical care for people living in precarious conditions ought to be supplemented by practice models which render a flexible and economic organisation of a complementary system of health care, the only way to a sustainable medical care for small migrant groups or not optimally integrated immigrant populations.


Sujet(s)
Prestation intégrée de soins de santé/organisation et administration , Prestations des soins de santé/organisation et administration , Relations interinstitutionnelles , Objectifs de fonctionnement , Population de passage et migrants , Allemagne
18.
Occup Environ Med ; 65(1): 61-7, 2008 Jan.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17704196

RÉSUMÉ

AIM: Self-reported assessments of sickness absence are often performed in epidemiological studies. The objective of this study was to compare the number of sick-leave days according to self-reported data over 12 months with data from the employer's register for the same period. An additional aim was to ascertain whether the self-reported information and the recorded data would show equivalent associations with self-reported general health. METHODS: The study was based on a cohort of 4869 municipal employees in Sweden, about 80% women, who answered a questionnaire in 2001-2. The responses provided by the employees included information on number of sick-leave days and self-rated health. Data on sick-leave days, occupation and age were derived from the employers' computerised registers. The questionnaire information on sick-leave days was compared with the corresponding information retrieved from the employer register by means of calculating sensitivity and specificity, using the employers' data as the "gold standard". RESULTS: The annual number of sick-leave days was lower according to the self-reported information than to the register data. For women the agreement between the two sickness absence measures for no sick-leave days, 1-7 days and >/=28 days were 74%, 72% and 67%, respectively. The sensitivity of questionnaire versus register information regarding any self-reported sick-leave day was 91% and the specificity was 74%. Sensitivity and specificity for sickness absence >/=28 days were 67% and 98%, respectively. The results for men were similar to those for women. Self-reported and recorded sickness absence were both associated with self-rated health. The odds ratios were 7.27 and 8.25, for subjects with >/=28 recorded and self-reported number of sick-leave days respectively, compared to subjects with no sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: Good agreement was found between self-reported and register information on sickness absence. Self-reported data on sickness absence may be useful in common epidemiological applications.


Sujet(s)
Absentéisme , Secteur public/statistiques et données numériques , Enregistrements , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Femelle , État de santé , Humains , Modèles logistiques , Mâle , Sensibilité et spécificité , Congé maladie , Suède
19.
Gesundheitswesen ; 68(5): 316-22, 2006 May.
Article de Allemand | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16773553

RÉSUMÉ

UNLABELLED: Infection prevention is one of the main tasks of the Public Health authorities. Because of hundreds of travel associated infections imported by travellers every year and considering increasing travel activities to tropical countries, travel medicine and consultation on the correct prevention measures including vaccination is becoming more and more important. Hence the data of the special consultation hours of the public health department of Frankfurt am Main are reported and discussed with regard to possible improvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The public health department of Frankfurt am Main has been offering special consultation hours for travel medicine for many years. Here, data derived from the anamneses of the clients from 2002 - 2004 are reported: personal data such as age, sex, travel destination as well as medical data such as vaccination and malaria prevention. RESULTS: 2002 - 2004, more than 14,000 persons were seen in the consultation hours, more than 66% of them asked for travel health advice, about 25% of them asked for standard vaccination (such as influenza), some others asked for attestation or certification. More than 20,000 doses of vaccines were given, the most important vaccination against hepatitis A (n = 5791), hepatitis B (n = 4064), typhoid fever (n = 2718) and yellow fever (n = 2473). 2814 were informed with regard to malaria prevention, including recipes. 7814 persons with complete data on their reason for travel were subjected to more detailed analysis: 75% of them were holiday tourists, 18% travelled as "hikers", 7% were business travellers and less than 1% of them planned a round-the-world tour. The most frequent travel destinations were: Asian or African countries about 33% each, 25% Middle or South America. Thailand, South Africa with Namibia, Brazil and India were the most important countries. The time from health consultation to the beginning of the journey was too short for full vaccine protection against typhoid fever and meningococcal disease in 10% and against rabies in 44% of the consultants. There were no significant differences between holiday tourists, business and "hikers" travellers. CONCLUSION: According to many studies, only one-third of the travellers going abroad, especially to developing countries, obtain travel health information. Hence, the clients of our consultation hours are a positive selection. Nevertheless, great need for improvement could be seen as well. In many of the clients the time from getting health information and vaccination was too short for obtaining complete vaccination protection. People travelling to countries where most hepatitis A infections are obtained and re-imported home, such as Turkey and Tunisia and other Mediterranean countries almost never came for health advice and vaccination. Therefore, public health authorities should improve and increase their publicity campaigns for travel health and vaccination in order to prevent travel-associated infections and re-importation of such diseases.


Sujet(s)
Contrôle des maladies transmissibles/statistiques et données numériques , Promotion de la santé/statistiques et données numériques , Santé publique/statistiques et données numériques , Orientation vers un spécialiste/statistiques et données numériques , Enregistrements , Voyage/statistiques et données numériques , Vaccination/statistiques et données numériques , Allemagne/épidémiologie , Humains
20.
Eur J Neurol ; 12(12): 947-55, 2005 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16324088

RÉSUMÉ

The increasing use of botulinum toxin type-A, especially for focal dystonia and spasticity has highlighted the issue of secondary non-responsiveness. Within the last few years botulinum toxin type-B (Myobloc/Neurobloc) has become commercially available as an alternative to type-A. This paper discusses our initial experience of botulinum toxin type-B in a total of 63 individuals who attended our botulinum clinic. Thirty-six patients had cervical dystonia and a secondary non-response to type-A toxin. Thirteen of these patients (36%) had a reasonable clinical response to Neurobloc and continue to have injections. The other 23 patients either had no response, or a poor response, or had unacceptable side effects and ceased treatment. A small number of people with blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and foot dystonia also had a disappointing response to injection. Twenty patients with spasticity were also type-A resistant. Seven of these show some continuing response to type-B, without unacceptable side effects. These findings demonstrate that botulinum toxin type-B has a place in the management of patients who have become non-responsive to type-A, but overall the responses to type-B toxin were disappointing.


Sujet(s)
Toxines botuliniques de type A/usage thérapeutique , Toxines botuliniques/usage thérapeutique , Tolérance aux médicaments/immunologie , Dystonie/traitement médicamenteux , Spasticité musculaire/traitement médicamenteux , Agents neuromusculaires/usage thérapeutique , Anticorps/sang , Toxines botuliniques/immunologie , Toxines botuliniques de type A/immunologie , Test ELISA , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Agents neuromusculaires/immunologie , Résultat thérapeutique
SÉLECTION CITATIONS
DÉTAIL DE RECHERCHE
...