[Robotic mechanotherapy in a complex of procedures for the functional state recovery of the neuromuscular system and peripheral hemodynamics in track-and-field athletes]. / Robotizirovannaya mekhanoterapiya v komplekse protsedur dlya vosstanovleniya funktsional'nogo sostoyaniya nervno-myshechnogo apparata i perifericheskoi gemodinamiki legkoatletov.

The background of the study is caused by the need to develop methods of drug-free neuromuscular system and peripheral hemodynamics recovery of athletes to optimize their functioning after intense physical activity in current conditions of high sporting competition. OBJECTIVE: To develop a program of comprehensive recovery of neuromuscular apparatus and hemodynamics of the lower limbs of track-and-field athletes during intense physical activity, including mechanotherapy on the robotic biomechanical complex with biological feedback and to evaluate its efficacy, comparing with a standard recovery program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 23 track-and-field athletes (the mean age 24.6±3.8 years) with qualification «master of sports¼ and «master of sports of international class¼. The athletes were randomly divided into two groups (study and control). In the study group athletes received hydro-, presso- and magnetotherapy procedures, as well as mechanotherapy procedures on a robotic biomechanical complex with biological feedback. The athletes from control group received only traditional rehabilitation with hydro-, press- and magnetotherapy. The examination of the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus and peripheral hemodynamics was performed with the use of stimulation electroneuromyography, robotic dynamometry and rheovasography. RESULTS: When registering a motor response from a foot extensor digitorum brevis, innervated by the deep fibular nerve, after conduction of procedures set, a decrease in the residual latency parameters of study group's athletes was found. The dynamometric investigation showed a decrease in the fatigue coefficient of knee joint's flexors and extensors, as well as an increase in the strength of knee joint's extensors in the athletes from the study group. During the rheovasography the decrease of the rheographic index in the «foot¼ and «lower leg¼ segments in the study group was revealed. The decrease of the geographic index in the «lower leg¼ segment and normalization of the rheographic waves distribution time in the «foot¼ segment in control group were identified. CONCLUSION: The study results showed the efficacy of both the standard recovery program for athletes and the program, supplemented by mechanotherapy. It has been found that the use of hydro-, presso- and magnetotherapy is more conductive to the normalization of the blood flow, while the inclusion of mechanotherapy, in addition to the action on peripheral hemodynamics, improves the neuromuscular transmission, reduces fatigue of muscular system and increases its strength indicators.

[Effect of hyperoxic inhalations for athletes of different sports, including those who had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude]. / Effekty primeneniya giperoksicheskikh ingalyatsii u sportsmenov razlichnykh vidov sporta, v tom chisle ranee perenesshikh COVID-19, pri trenirovkakh v srednegor'e.

OBJECTIVE: To identify hyperoxic inhalations on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of athletes of different sports, who have previously had COVID-19, when training in the middle altitude. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 elite athletes during the preparatory period. The studies were conducted in Kislovodsk in the middle altitude (1240 meters) on the Maloe Sedlo mountain, in the conditions of training camps. We studied the parameters of heart rate variability and functional state of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Hyperoxic inhalations were performed with the JAY-10 oxygen concentrator (LONGFIAN SCITECH CO., LTD., China). The oxygen concentration in the mixture was 93±3%, capacity - 5 l/min, exposure time - 20 min. RESULTS: Athletes specializing in sports with predominantly anaerobic lactate and mixed mechanism of energy supply, respectively experiencing hypoxia in the process of their athletic activity during training can experience hypoxia at rest as well. The state of hypoxia during exercise in the middle altitude in such athletes is shown in heart rate variability indices (high values of heart rate and stress index, low power of high frequency waves), low saturation, increased oxygen uptake from the blood microcirculation system. The use of oxygen therapy in athletes promotes positive dynamics of the functional state, consisting in a reduced stress of regulatory mechanisms, strengthened tone of the parasympathetic nervous system in the heart rate regulation, increased economization of the central hemodynamics' parameters, improved functions of the external respiratory system. CONCLUSION: Application of hyperoxic inhalations during intense exercise in the middle altitude has a favorable effect on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system in all the studied sports, especially in athletes who have previously had COVID-19.

[Evaluation of the influence of different physical and chemical composition mineral waters on the state of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental metabolic syndrome]. / Otsenka vliyaniya mineral'nykh vod razlichnogo fiziko-khimicheskogo sostava na sostoyanie uglevodnogo obmena pri eksperimental'nom metabolicheskom sindrome.

Purpose of the study. To carry out a comparative analysis of the intake effect of mineral waters (MW) of various physicochemical compositions, including those ones enriched in selenium, on the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was carried out on 68 male white rats aged 3 months, which were divided into 5 groups. Control groups: CG1 - 10 animals without exposure; CG2 - 14 animals with MS, received only drinking water. Experimental groups: EG1 - 14 rats with MS, received MW1 of chloride-sulfate sodium composition (Ivanovo region); EG2 - 15 animals, received MW2 of chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium composition (Essentuki No. 4); EG3 - 15 animals, received MW2 enriched with selenium. MS was modeled by double injection of streptozotocin, intraperitoneally, 30 µg/kg, after 60 days of finding the animals on a hypercaloric diet. RESULTS: According to the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in animals with MS, two variants of the glycemic response were identified, according to which two subgroups (SG) were identified in each group. In the 1st SG CG2 and EG1-3, a moderate increase in glucose at the 60th minute of GTT was revealed, which was 1.2 times higher than the glucose level at the 60th minute in CG1. In SG 2, an increase in glucose was noted at the 60th minute by 2.5-5.0 times, by the 120th minute of GTG the glucose level was higher than in CG1. In animals CG2, there was no decrease in glucose by the 120th minute, in contrast to EG1-3. The activity of blood α-amylase increased by 2 times was determined in animals CG2 compared to CG1, and in groups EG1 and EG2 the level of its activity approached the level of CG1. CONCLUSION: In animals with MS, a decrease in the sensitivity of ß-cells to the stimulating effect of glucose and the involvement of the exocrine pancreas in the pathological process was determined. Under the influence of therapeutic course drinking MW of different physicochemical composition in animals with MS in the experiment, the sensitivity of tissues to the stimulating hyperglycemic signal was restored to varying degrees and the increased activity of blood α-amylase decreased.

[To the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Pyatigorsk research institute of balneology]. / K 100-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya Pyatigorskogo nauchno-issledovatel'skogo instituta kurortologii.

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Pyatigorsk state research Institute of balneology. It presents the main stages of formation and development, scientific achievements of the Institute and highlights the main activities at the present stage.

[Effects of application of transcranial electrical stimulation in the training process at elite athletes of various sports]. / Effekty primeneniya transkranial'noi elektrostimulyatsii v trenirovochnom protsesse u vysokokvalifitsirovannykh sportsmenov razlichnykh vidov sporta.

Restoring and optimizing the psychofunctional state of the athlete's body is an important area of sports medicine. Methods that allow you to quickly level psychoemotional and physical stress by influencing regulatory systems are interesting. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) refers to such methods. Its use in sports requires testing and scientific justification. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To study the tDCS influence, used in the training process, on the psychofunctional state of highly qualified athletes of various sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 86 athletes aged 16 to 30 years old were examined. Their qualifications ranged from candidate master of sports to international master of sports of cyclic (track and field - 7 athletes, triathlon - 12), acyclic (weightlifting - 18) and opponent (karate - 22, rugby - 27) sports. The EEG study of electroencephalogram, heart rate variability and psychophysiological testing, ergospirometric stress testing on a treadmill were carried out to substantiate the tDCS effects. RESULTS: The positive effect of the tDCS use is shown, which is substantiated by a significant change in physiological and psychophysiological parameters. An increase in the heart work economization, adaptive and mobilization body reserves, psychophysiological indicators was noted in triathletes after a course of 7 tDCS procedures. One tDCS in track and field athletes (according to stress testing data) helped to optimize the performance and increase the functional capabilities of the myocardium, reduce energy consumption during work. During the period of urgent recovery, tDCS contributed to the heart rate restoring acceleration, increase of the bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide rate, and hemodynamics. The use of one procedure among acyclic sports athletes was effective for optimizing the psycho-functional state, reducing the tension of regulatory processes. After maximum muscle-strengthening exercises, the recovery processes accelerated and the CNS performance increased. In athletes of opponent sports (rugby, karate), the tDCS use helped to reduce the time of sensorimotor reactions and increase mental stability, optimize the brain functional state, and economize the heart work. CONCLUSION: The positive effect of tDCS is expressed in improving the psycho-functional state and working capacity, accelerating the recovery processes of athletes after physical exertion. In this connection, this method can be widely recommended for use as a regenerating and stimulating effect in medical and biological support in elite sports.