A New Methodology for High Spatiotemporal Resolution Measurements of Air Volatile Organic Compounds: From Sampling to Data Deconvolution.

Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air is crucial for understanding their atmospheric impacts and advancing their emission reduction plans. This study presents an innovative integrated methodology suitable for achieving semireal-time high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional measurements of VOCs from ground to hundreds of meters above ground. The methodology integrates an active AirCore sampler, custom-designed for deployment from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for sample analysis, and a data deconvolution algorithm for improved time resolution for measurements of multiple VOCs in air. The application of the deconvolution technique significantly improves the signal strength of data from PTR-MS analysis of AirCore samples and enhances their temporal resolution by 4 to 8 times to 4-11 s. A case study demonstrates that the methodology can achieve sample collection and analysis of VOCs within 45 min, resulting in >120-360 spatially resolved data points for each VOC measured and achieving a horizontal resolution of 20-55 m at a UAV flight speed of 5 m/s and a vertical resolution of 5 m. This methodology presents new possibilities for acquiring 3-dimensional spatial distributions of VOC concentrations, effectively tackling the longstanding challenge of characterizing three-dimensional VOC distributions in the lowest portion of the atmospheric boundary layer.

A Rat Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion/Reperfusion without Damaging the Anatomical Structure of Cerebral Vessels.

Ischemic stroke stands as the primary cause of long-term disability and mortality among adults worldwide. Animal models of ischemic stroke have significantly contributed to our understanding of its pathological mechanisms and the development of potential treatments. Presently, there are two common methods involving filament (endovascular suture) techniques to induce animal models of cerebral ischemia. However, these methods have inherent limitations, such as reduced blood perfusion to the brain, damage to the external carotid artery system, impaired food and/or water intake, and sensory dysfunction of the face. This article introduces a new method for inducing a rat ischemic stroke model without compromising the cerebral vascular anatomy. In this study, the common carotid artery (CCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed, and an incision was made. A filament was then inserted through the incision into the internal carotid artery to occlude the middle cerebral artery. After 1.5 h of induced ischemia, the occluding filament was fully removed from both the internal carotid artery and the CCA. The incision in the CCA was subsequently sutured using 11-0 microsurgical sutures under a microscope (magnification 4x). Through the utilization of microsurgical techniques to repair the CCA, this study successfully developed a unique method to induce an ischemic stroke model in rats while preserving the anatomical integrity of cerebral blood vessels.

Effect of out-of-school visual art activities on academic performance. The mediating role of socioeconomic status.

The application of visual art and other extracurricular activities to children's sustainable development is predominantly discussed in Western countries. Consequently, non-Western society could not cherish the benefit of visual art on their children's cognitive and non-cognitive skill development due to a lack of evidence that would revive the community, educators, and policy-makers' impressions about visual art activities, in addition to its amusement use. Thus, the present study adopted a cross-sectional study comprised of a large-scale survey (N = 1624) taken from the southwest part of China to assess the impact of out-of-school visual art activities on children's academic attainment across economically advantaged and disadvantaged children. Astonishingly, the study's findings shed light on current Chinese parents' dedication to purchasing out-of-school activities regardless of their social class difference; notwithstanding, lower-class parents ought to learn that spending time with their children during their activities is more beneficial. The study's implication calls for curriculum policy reform involving aesthetic education and expanding community youth centers for different extracurricular activities.

Unveiling the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of penthiopyrad in pakchoi under hydroponic and soil-cultivated conditions.

The efficient use of pesticides has long been a topic of public concern, necessitating a thorough understanding of their movement in plants. This study investigates the translocation and distribution of penthiopyrad in pakchoi plants cultivated both in hydroponic and soil-cultivated conditions. Results indicate that penthiopyrad predominantly accumulates in the roots, with concentrations of 11.3-53.9 mg/kg following root application, and in the leaves, with concentrations of 2.0-17.1 mg/kg following foliar application. The bioconcentration factor exceeded 1, with values ranging from 1.2 to 23.9 for root application and 6.4 to 164.0 for foliar application, indicating a significant role in the absorption and accumulation processes. The translocation factor data, which were <1, suggest limited the translocations within pakchoi plants. The limitation may be attributed to the hydrophobic properties of penthiopyrad (log Kow = 3.86), as evidenced by its predominant distribution in the subcellular solid fractions of pakchoi tissues, accounting for 93.1% to 99.5% of the total proportion. Six metabolites (753-A-OH, M12, 754-T-DO, M11, PCA, and PAM) were identified in this study as being formed during this process. These findings provide valuable insights into the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of penthiopyrad in pakchoi.

Optimal timing for early mobilization initiatives in intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Analyse the effect of varying start times for early exercise interventions on the prevention of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database, and reference lists up to May 2023. SETTING: We systematically searched the literature for all randomized controlled trials on the effect of early mobilization in patients with critical illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. The secondary outcomes included: the Medical Research Council Score, the Barthel Index, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, total length of hospital stay, mortality and incidence of intensive care unit-related complications. RESULTS: The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with routine care, less than 24 hours after admission (RR = 0.44, 95 %CI: 0.28-0.68), more than 24 hours (RR = 0.33, 95 %CI: 0.16-0.67), less than 72 hours after admission (RR = 0.33, 95 %CI: 0.20-0.52) may lead to a lower incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. The results of under surface cumulative ranking showed that early mobilization within 72 hours may have the lowest incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (SUCRA = 81.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: The current empirical evidence from intensive care unit patients suggests that initiating mobilization protocols within 24-72 hours timeframe following admission to the intensive care unit could potentially be the most beneficial strategy to reduce the incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness and the related medical complications. Moreover, this strategy seems to significantly improve rehabilitation and treatment outcomes for these patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: According to this study, medical and nursing staff in the intensive care unit have the chance to identify the most suitable timing for the implementation of early rehabilitative measures for patients. This can potentially prevent intensive care unit-acquired weakness and enhance various clinical outcomes for patients.

Combined analysis of inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites reveals the relationship between flower quality and maturity of Sophora japonica L.

Flos Sophorae (FS), or the dried flower buds of Sophora japonica L., is widely used as a food and medicinal material in China. The quality of S. japonica flowers varies with the developmental stages (S1-S5) of the plant. However, the relationship between FS quality and maturity remains unclear. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS) were used to analyze inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites, respectively. A combined analysis of the inorganic elements and flavonoid metabolites in FS was conducted to determine the patterns of FS quality formation. Sixteen inorganic elements and 173 flavonoid metabolites that accumulated at different developmental stages were identified. Notably, 54 flavonoid metabolites associated with the amelioration of major human diseases were identified, and Ca, P, K, Fe, and Cu were postulated to influence flavonoid metabolism and synthesis. This study offers a novel perspective and foundation for the further exploration of the rules governing the quality of plant materials.

PE (0:0/14:0), an endogenous metabolite of the gut microbiota, exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced intestinal injury by modulating the AHR/CYP1A1 pathway.

Sepsis is known to cause damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to bacterial translocation, and exacerbation of both local and remote organ impairments. In the present study, fecal samples were collected from both septic and healthy individuals. Analysis through 16s rRNA sequencing of the fecal microbiota revealed that sepsis disrupts the balance of the gut microbial community. Recent research has highlighted the association of lipid metabolism with disease. By analyzing the fecal metabolome, four lipid metabolites that showed significant differences between the two groups were identified: PE (O-16:0/0:0), PE (17:0/0:0), PE (0:0/14:0), and PE (12:0/20:5 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)). Notably, the serum levels of PE (0:0/14:0) were higher in the healthy group. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the protective effects of this compound against sepsis-induced intestinal barrier damage. Label-free proteomic analysis showed significant differences in the expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a protein implicated in sepsis pathogenesis, between the LPS-Caco-2 and LPS-Caco-2 + PE (0:0/14:0) groups. Further analysis, with the help of Discovery Studio 3.5 software and co-immunoprecipitation assays, confirmed the direct interaction between AHR and PE (0:0/14:0). In the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, treatment with PE (0:0 /14:0) was found to up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins through the AHR/Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, and polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) pathway. This highlights the potential therapeutic use of PE (0:0/14:0) in addressing sepsis-induced intestinal barrier damage.

Antinociceptive effects of carbidopa levodopa on normal rats and Parkinson's disease mice.

Carbidopa levodopa is widely used to ameliorate motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Pain is one of common symptoms of PD. The aim of this experiment is to study antinociceptive effects of carbidopa levodopa on normal rats and PD mice. Rats were intragastrically treated with carbidopa levodopa and the hind paw withdrawal latency (HWL) was investigated. PD mouse model was prepared with MPTP and then the antinociceptive effects of carbidopa levodopa on PD mice were evaluated. In normal rats, the HWL to thermal stimulus was augmented after carbidopa levodopa administration (p<0.05 or p<0.01) and carbidopa levodopa increased the HWL (p<0.05 or p<0.01) to mechanical stimulus. In PD mice, carbidopa levodopa elevated the HWL of the thermal stimulus in PD mice (p<0.05). Furthermore, the HWL in the inflammatory pain of PD mice was also increased by carbidopa levodopa treatmet (p<0.01). The current findings indicate that carbidopa levodopa has an antinociceptive effects in normal rats and PD mice. The analgesic effect of carbidopa levodopa on patients with or without PD is worth studying in further research.

Research on the integral forming process of thin walled and thick mouth seamless gas cylinders.

There is a considerable difference in wall thickness between the mouth and the cavity of thin-walled and thick-mouthed seamless gas cylinders, and the existing manufacturing processes are unable to effectively meet product requirements. To overcome such issue, a step-by-step boring-necking-spinning solution for gas cylinders was proposed, in which sufficient wall thickness is reserved for the mouth area of the cylinder blank, followed by necking-spinning to realize the overall forming of thin-walled, thick-mouthed seamless gas cylinders. The stress-strain distribution and geometric dimensional changes of gas cylinders during the spinning process were investigated by means of finite element simulation, and the effects of different process parameters on the stress and wall thickness of the bottle mouth were analyzed. Further, multi-objective optimization of the response surface model was performed using the NSGA-II algorithm to derive a set of optimal process parameters. Finally, the correctness of the simulation and optimization results was verified experimentally, and the expected geometry and optimal strain state of the gas cylinder were obtained. The newly developed processing solution represents a groundbreaking advancement in the manufacturing of thin-walled and thick-mouthed gas cylinders.

Establishment of health related physical fitness evaluation system for school adolescents aged 12-16 in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The decline in adolescent physical fitness is a significant global public health concern, and Pakistan is no exception. The country's absence of a health-related physical fitness (HRPF) evaluation system has compounded this issue. To bridge this gap, this study aims to develop a scientifically-based HRPF evaluation system for the adolescent population that meets international standards. The evaluation system identifies at-risk children and improves adolescent health outcomes, including obesity, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders, chronic diseases, and psychological illnesses, through crucial physical fitness evaluation. This study specifically aims to establish an HRPF evaluation system for school adolescents aged 12-16 in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,970 school adolescents aged 12-16 years in the South Punjab, Pakistan. The study used a stratified sampling technique to select participants. The HRPF evaluation system included four components: cardiorespiratory endurance, core muscular endurance, muscular strength, and body composition. Data were collected through standardized tests and anthropometric measurements. Results: The study's results indicated that the HRPF evaluation scoring system was feasible and valid for evaluating the HRPF of school adolescents in the South Punjab region of Pakistan. The results of the evaluation system categorized participants into five groups based on their performance: excellent (6.2%), good (24.9%), medium (50.7%), poor (17%), and very poor (1.2%). Conclusion: The study establishes an HRPF evaluation system for Pakistani school adolescents. This system lays the foundation for implementing effective strategies to improve their physical health. The findings offer valuable insights to policymakers, health professionals, and educators, enabling them to promote fitness and devise impactful interventions for enhancing HRPF in this population.

Responses of Zooplankton Community Pattern to Environmental Factors along the Salinity Gradient in a Seagoing River in Tianjin, China.

As the primary consumers in aquatic organisms, zooplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems. It is valuable for management and researchers to have an insight into the responses of zooplankton community patterns to environmental factors. In this study, RDA and variation partitioning analysis were adopted to determine the important environmental factors affecting zooplankton abundance and biomass, as well as the relative importance of different environmental factors. The findings reveal that TN (total nitrogen), WD (water depth), pH, and SAL (salinity) were all important abiotic factors shaping the zooplankton community pattern in the study area. TN affected protozoa by influencing Stentor amethystinus, while the effects of WD on copepods may have been mainly induced by the responses of Calanus sinicus and Paracyclopina nana. By inhibiting Stentor amethystinus and Vorticella lutea, pH significantly affected protozoa. In addition, Rotifera and copepods were affected by SAL mainly through the responses of Brachionus calyciflorus, Calanus sinicus, and Ectocyclops phaleratus. Importantly, fundamental alternations in the variation trends of zooplankton abundance and biomass along the salinity gradient were found when the salinity was approximately 4-5. By combining these results with the findings on phytoplankton responses to salinity in previous studies, it can be concluded that salinity may influence the river ecosystem by influencing zooplankton abundance and biomass rather than phytoplankton.

Clinical outcomes of an olive wire and external fixator versus a metallic screw in the treatment of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries in ankle fractures.

BACKGROUND: Metal screws are the most widely used in treating syndesmotic injuries, but failure and the rigidity of the screws can threaten the success of the treatment and increase the cost of care. We have provided an alternative with an olive wire and external fixator(OWEF) used for syndesmotic fixation. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal follow-up study was conducted. From February 2011 to January 2018, 58 of 72 patients with ankle fractures and associated syndesmotic disruption were treated with either screw or OWEF fixation. The costs, complications, and clinical outcomes using Olerud-Molander score and Visual Analog score in screw and OWEF fixation group were compared. RESULTS: We found the severity of the injury, BMI of the patients and the different fixation methods were determinants of the complications and clinical outcomes. But if no malreduction of the syndesmosis was present, no difference in clinical result was detected. CONCLUSION: The OWEF method appeared to be at least equally functional and effective to screw fixation while maintaining possible lower complication rate. LEVELS OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Level 3.

Fabrication of Transferable and Micro/Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Demolding and iCVD Processes.

Superhydrophobic surfaces possess enormous potential in various applications on account of their versatile functionalities. However, artificial superhydrophobic surfaces with ultralow solid/liquid adhesion often require complicated structure fabrication and surface fluorination processes. Here, we designed a superhydrophobic surface possessed of micro/nanoscale structures by employing facile and low-cost demolding and initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) processes. The achieved micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic surface has a maximum static contact angle of ∼170°, a roll-off angle and contact angle hysteresis below 1°, ultralow solid/liquid adhesion for water droplets, and maintains excellent superhydrophobicity after exposure to strongly corrosive species, like strong acid/base and salt solutions, for 60 h. This reasonability-designed method of creating the superhydrophobic surface could provide valuable guidelines for the manufacture of transferable superhydrophobic surfaces and facilitate potential applications extending from optoelectronic devices to self-cleaning materials, such as solar cells, windows, and electronic displays.

Analysis on the stability of plankton in a food web with empirical organism body mass distribution.

The mechanism supporting the stability of complex food webs is an important, yet still controversial issue in ecology. Integrating the bioenergetic model with a natural plankton food web with empirical organism body mass distribution, we studied the effects of taxa diversity, nutrient enrichment simulation and connectance on the stability of plankton, and the underlying mechanisms. The behavior and functions of plankton with different body masses in the system were also explored. The results showed that genus richness promoted the temporal stability of community but reduced that of population. Meanwhile, the effects of taxon extinction on community biomass and temporal stability depended on the body masses of those lost taxa. Enrichment decreased phytoplankton and zooplankton community stability directly by increasing the temporal variability of biomass and indirectly by reducing taxa diversity. Enrichment preferentially caused phytoplankton taxa with the highest individual biomass to go extinct and the ones with smaller to increase in biomass. The effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms of connectance on phytoplankton and zooplankton stability were different. High connectance promoted the persistence and biomasses of both zooplankton and small-bodied phytoplankton but reduced those of larger-bodied phytoplankton. The results and methodology in this research will be helpful in understanding and analyzing the stability of plankton communities.

Mechanism of quercetin regulating p38 MAPK/NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats with secretory otitis media / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of quercetin (Que) on secretory otitis media (SOM) rats and its mechanism. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group (control), model group (model), Que group (100 mg • kg

SuanZaoRen decoction amliorates mitochondrial dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice via activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Suanzaoren decoction(SZRD) on mitochondrial dysfunction in AD model of APP/PS1 mice via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and to reveal the possible mechanism. Methods Thirty APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into app /PS1 group, low-dose SZRD group(L-SZRD) and high-dose SZRD group(H-SZRD). Ten C57BL/6JNju mice were set as control group(WT). Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice. Thioflavin T staining was used to observe senile plaques hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression level of Aβ in hippocampus. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the mitochondrial morph hology in hippocampus. Kits were employed to detect the contents of ATP and ROS in hippocampus; Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of AMPK, p-AMPKThrK172, SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2 and TFAM in hippocampus. Results Compared to the APP/PS1 group, L-SZRD and H-SZRD induced mouse cognitive impairment, reduced the deposition of senile plaques, inhibited the expression of Aβ, improved the damage of mitochondrial structure, increased the content of ATP in the hippocampus, reduced the expression level of ROS in hippocampus and increased the expression of p-AMPK-ThrK172, SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2, TFAM Conclusions SZRD could improve the cognitive impairment, senile plaque deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction of AD mice, and its mechanism may be involved in the up-regulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.Reduced the Deposition of Senile Plaques, Inhibited the Expression of Aβ, Improved The Damage of Mitochondric Structure, Increased the Content of At in TH. E hippocampus, Reduced the Expression level of Ros in Hippocampus and Increased The Expression of P-Ampk-Thrk172, SIRT1, SIRT1 PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2, TFAM. Conclusions SZRD could improve the cognitive impairment, senile plaque deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction of AD mice, and its mechanism may be involved in the up-regulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.Reduced the Deposition of Senile Plaques, Inhibited the Expression of Aβ, Improved The Damage of Mitochondric Structure, Increased the Content of At in TH. E hippocampus, Reduced the Expression level of Ros in Hippocampus and Increased The Expression of P-Ampk-Thrk172, SIRT1, SIRT1 PGC-1α, NRF1, NRF2, TFAM. Conclusions SZRD could improve the cognitive impairment, senile plaque deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction of AD mice, and its mechanism may be involved in the up-regulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.Senile plaque deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction of AD mice, and its mechanism may be involved in the up-regulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.Senile plaque deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction of AD mice, and its mechanism may be involved in the up-regulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Environment control and healthy education are the most important methods for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis / 中华预防医学杂志

The almost all guidelines of allergic rhinitis (AR) diagnosis and treatment in the world agree the strategy of "combination of prevention and treatment, four in one". There are more descriptions about anti-allergic medications and allergen immunotherapy (AIT), but less contents of environmental control and health education. It is necessary to emphasize again that clinicians must attach great importance to environmental control and strengthen health education in order to realize the three-level prevention of AR and reduce its harm.

Stable Expression of Coagulation Factors by RPS6 Promoter / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To screen better promoters and provide more powerful tools for basic research and gene therapy of hemophilia.@*METHODS@#Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the promoters expressing housekeeping genes with high abundance, so as to select potential candidate promoters. The GFP reporter gene vector was constructed, and the packaging efficiency of the novel promoter was investigated with EF1 α promoter as control, and the transcription and activities of the reporter gene were investigated too. The activity of the candidate promoter was investigated by loading F9 gene.@*RESULTS@#The most potential RPS6 promoter was obtained by screening. There was no difference in lentiviral packaging between EF1 α-LV and RPS6-LV, and their virus titer were consistent. In 293T cells, the transduction efficiency and mean fluorescence intensity of RPS6pro-LV and EF1 αpro-LV were proportional to the lentiviral dose. The transfection efficiency of both promoters in different types of cells was in the following order: 293T>HEL>MSC; Compared with EF1 αpro-LV, RPS6pro-LV could obtain a higher fluorescence intensity in MSC cells, and RPS6pro-LV was more stable in long-term cultured HEL cells infected with two lentiviruses respectively. The results of RT-qPCR, Western blot and FIX activity (FIX∶C) detection of K562 cell culture supernatant showed that FIX expression in the EF1 α-F9 and RPS6-F9 groups was higher than that in the unloaded control group, and there was no significant difference in FIX expression between the EF1 α-F9 and RPS6-F9 groups.@*CONCLUSION@#After screening and optimization, a promoter was obtained, which can be widely used for exogenous gene expression. The high stability and viability of the promoter were confirmed by long-term culture and active gene expression, which providing a powerful tool for basic research and clinical gene therapy of hemophilia.

Effect of Insemination Methods on Pregnancy Outcomes of Day 6 Blastocyst Transfer in Frozen Cycles / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two different insemination methods， conventional in vitro fertilization （IVF） and intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）， on pregnancy outcomes in patients with frozen-thawed D6（day 6） blastocyst transfer. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients with thawed D6 blastocyst transfer between January 2018 and April 2020 at the Fertility Center of the Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University， divided into conventional IVF group （446 cycles ） and ICSI fertilization group （200 cycles） according to the fertilization method. Patients were divided into those with a history of D5（day 5） blastocyst transfer and those without. The patients’ general characteristics， blastocyst quality， and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared. ResultsBMI， years of infertility， and basal FSH were not statistically significant in the IVF and ICSI groups （P > 0.05）. Regardless of the history of D5 transfer， patients in the ICSI group were younger than those in the IVF group （P < 0.001）， the proportion of primary infertility was significantly higher in the ICSI group （P < 0.001）， and the number of oocytes obtained and the number of normally fertilized oocytes in the ICSI group were higher than those in the conventional IVF fertilization group （P < 0.001）. The proportion of stage V and Ⅵ blastocysts was significantly higher in the conventional IVF group than in the ICSI group （21.6 % vs. 3.14 %， P < 0.001）. High-quality blastocysts with an ICM score of A were significantly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group （23.8 % vs. 14.3 %， P = 0.01）. The HCG-positive and clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group （65.5 % vs. 48.4 %， P < 0.001； 56 % vs. 41.3 %， P = 0.001）， and embryo implantation and live birth rates were also higher in the ICSI group than in the conventional IVF group （43.8 % vs. 30.9 %， P < 0.001； 43.0 % vs. 31.8 %， P = 0.006）. After correcting for age and number of oocytes obtained between the two groups， the clinical pregnancy rate was still significantly higher in the ICSI group than in the conventional IVF group （OR： 1.590， 95 % CI： 1.030， 2.455， P = 0.036）. Infant birth weight was lower in the ICSI group than in the IVF group （P = 0.016）， and the differences in preterm birth rate， sex ratio， and mode of delivery were not statistically significant between the two groups. ConclusionsClinical pregnancy and live birth rates after thawing and transfer of D6 blastocysts fertilized by ICSI are higher than those of D6 blastocysts fertilized by conventional IVF， which may be related to the different factors contributing to the slow development of blastocysts in patients who received different fertilization methods. The relatively good pregnancy outcome after the transfer of thawed D6 blastocysts fertilized by ICSI may compensate to some extent for the difference in pregnancy outcome due to the relatively slow blastocyst development and a relatively higher proportion of D6 blastocysts after ICSI fertilization in male infertility patients.