RÉSUMÉ
High sensitivity represents one of the main goals that sensing devices need to satisfy for their applications. This work presents to the best of our knowledge the first integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) embedded in soda-lime glass with comparable sensitivity to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices. We manufactured the MZIs by the femtosecond direct laser writing (FDLW) technique and characterized them with temperature. Four buried MZIs were manufactured by slightly increasing the optical path due to separation between the arms of the interferometer (Δ s). We achieved a fringe shift of â¼8n m for an increase of 0.18 µm. We have characterized one of these devices with temperature from 30°C to 70°C obtaining a sensitivity of â¼28p m/ ∘ C. We improved the sensitivity of the device to â¼54p m/ ∘ C due to the advantage of the unique three-dimensional (3D) capabilities that FDLW provides, overcoming the characteristically low thermo-optic coefficient of soda-lime glass just by rotating the MZI structure 11°.
RÉSUMÉ
Energy dose ranges for fabrication of subsurface and ablated ridge waveguides were defined using a low repetition rate femtosecond laser. The waveguides were written along the width of water-white glass slides. The buried waveguides written between 0.23 and 0.62 µJ/µm3 energy dose show strong guidance at 633 nm, reaching in the best cases propagation losses of 0.7 dB/cm. Meanwhile, the ridge waveguides were fabricated between 2.04 and 31.9 µJ/µm3, with a best case of 3.1 dB/cm. Outcomes of this study are promising for use in the manufacturing of sensing devices.
RÉSUMÉ
We report the fabrication and analysis of optical waveguides in Yb:YAG crystals using either proton or carbon ion implantation. Planar waveguides were obtained by implanting the whole surface of the crystals. Channel waveguides were defined using an electroformed mask with apertures of 10, 15, and 20 micrometers in width. The waveguiding properties of the structures were analyzed, showing good light confinement based on the transversal mode distribution and optical transmission measurements. The spectroscopic properties of the Yb ions in the YAG host are preserved after the implantation process, which demonstrates the potential of this technique for tailoring microcomponents for integrated optics applications. In particular, the Yb:YAG waveguides have the potential to operate as miniature lasers.
RÉSUMÉ
In this work the formation of optical channel waveguides in Nd:YAG crystals by either proton or carbon implantation is reported. The channel waveguides were obtained by a single implantation process through an electroformed mask of nickel-cobalt alloy. Experimental measurements of the optical properties of these waveguides are presented.
RÉSUMÉ
The performance of lasers based on channel waveguides produced by proton implantation in Nd:YAG crystals through an electroformed mask is reported. The fabrication method used can produce several waveguide lasers in the crystal by a single implantation process with very good optical performance. The analysis and comparison of the main laser emission features, as well as the propagation losses of these waveguides, by using different output couplers in the laser cavity is also presented.