Transcriptomic response in thermally challenged seahorses Hippocampus erectus: The effect of magnitude and rate of temperature change.

Hippocampus erectus inhabiting the shallow coastal waters of the southern Gulf of Mexico are naturally exposed to marked temperature variations occurring in different temporal scales. Under such heterogeneous conditions, a series of physiological and biochemical adjustments take place to restore and maintain homeostasis. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of H. erectus to increased temperature using transcriptome analysis based on RNA-Seq technology. Data was obtained from seahorses after 0.5-h exposure to combinations of different target temperatures (26 °C: control, and increased to 30 and 33 °C) and rates of thermal increase (abrupt: < 5 min; gradual: 1-1.5 °C every 3 h). The transcriptome of seahorses was assembled de novo using Trinity software to obtain 29,211 genes and 30,479 transcripts comprising 27,520,965 assembled bases. Seahorse exposure to both 30 and 33 °C triggered characteristic processes of the cellular stress response, regardless of the rate of thermal change. The transcriptomic profiles of H. erectus suggest an arrest of muscle development processes, the activation of heat shock proteins, and a switch to anaerobic metabolism within the first 0.5 h of exposure to target temperatures to ensure energy supply. Interestingly, apoptotic processes involving caspase were activated principally in gradual treatments, suggesting that prolonged exposure to even sublethal temperatures results in the accumulation of deleterious effects that may eventually terminate in cellular death. Results herein validate 30 °C and 33 °C as potential upper limits of thermal tolerance for H. erectus at the southernmost boundary of its geographic distribution.

[Evaluation of cervical gaps in complete metal crowns cast in alternative silver-tin alloys. Relationship to investing techniques]. / Avaliação do desajuste cervical de coroas totais metálicas fundidas com ligas alternativas à base de prata-estanho. Relacionado com técnicas de inclusão.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cervical mistifing of casting full metal crowns according to investment techniques using commercial available alloys made from silver stannum. Fifteen metal full crowns were obtained through stainless steel die with full crowns preparation, included into three groups as follows: conventional technique, vacuum technique and pressure technique. Readings of cervical disagreement were made through a comparing microscope increased 45 x and each crown was measured in 4 different regions (vestibular, lingual mesial and distal). This way it was verified which of the techniques proposed would balance the casting shrinkage for the silver-stannum alloy used. From the results obtained we conclude that the best cercical adaptation was the one got through pressure technique.

[Influence of positive pressure on gypsum bonded investments]. / Estudo da influencia da pressão positiva no revestimento aglutinado por gesso.

The work aims to investigate the influence of positive pressure to initial and final setting time, as well as the volume variation in course of the pressure carried out gypsum-bonded investment found at Dental Commerce. Seventy-six test samples were obtained, being five of them through conventional investing technique and seventy-one through technique by pressure. Gillmore needles were employed for determining the setting time, meanwhile for volumetric variation a mathematic formula had been applied. According to results, it was concluded that the use of positive pressure affected the initial and the final setting time and the volume after set.