Spectral Embedding Fusion for Incomplete Multiview Clustering.

Incomplete multiview clustering (IMVC) aims to reveal the underlying structure of incomplete multiview data by partitioning data samples into clusters. Several graph-based methods exhibit a strong ability to explore high-order information among multiple views using low-rank tensor learning. However, spectral embedding fusion of multiple views is ignored in low-rank tensor learning. In addition, addressing missing instances or features is still an intractable problem for most existing IMVC methods. In this paper, we present a unified spectral embedding tensor learning (USETL) framework that integrates the spectral embedding fusion of multiple similarity graphs and spectral embedding tensor learning for IMVC. To remove redundant information from the original incomplete multiview data, spectral embedding fusion is performed by introducing spectral rotations at two different data levels, i.e., the spectral embedding feature level and the clustering indicator level. The aim of introducing spectral embedding tensor learning is to capture consistent and complementary information by seeking high-order correlations among multiple views. The strategy of removing missing instances is adopted to construct multiple similarity graphs for incomplete multiple views. Consequently, this strategy provides an intuitive and feasible way to construct multiple similarity graphs. Extensive experimental results on multiview datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the two spectral embedding fusion methods within the USETL framework.

Exploring the oncogenic potential of circSOD2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a novel positive feedback loop.

BACKGROUND: Existing studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as sponges for micro RNAs (miRNAs) to control downstream genes. However, the specific functionalities and mechanisms of circRNAs in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have yet to be thoroughly investigated. METHODS: Patient cohorts from online databases were used to screen candidate circRNAs, while another cohort from our hospital was obtained for validation. CircSOD2 was identified as a potential oncogenic target, and its relevant characteristics were investigated during ccRCC progression through various assays. A positive feedback loop containing downstream miRNA and its target gene were identified using bioinformatics and validated by luciferase reporter assays, RNA pull-down, and high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS: CircSOD2 expression was elevated in tumor samples and significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) and the tumor stage of ccRCC patients, which appeared in the enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells. Through competitive binding to circSOD2, miR-532-3p can promote the expression of PAX5 and the progression of ccRCC, and such regulation can be salvaged by miR-532-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSION: A novel positive feedback loop, PAX5/circSOD2/miR-532-3p/PAX5 was identified in the study, indicating that the loop may play an important role in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction in ccRCC patients.

Genome-wide association analysis of four yield-related traits using a maize (Zea mays L.) F1 population.

Increasing the yield of maize F1 hybrid is one of the most important target for breeders. However, as a result of the genetic complexity and extremely low heritability, it is very difficult to directly dissect the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of yield, and reports on genetic analysis of F1 hybrid yield are rare. Taking F1 hybrid as the research object and dividing the yield into different affect factors, this approach may be the best strategy for clarifying the genetic mechanism of yield. Therefore, in this study, a maize F1 population consisting of 300 hybrids with 17,652 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers was used for genome-wide association study (GWAS) to filtrate candidate genes associated with the four yield-related traits, i.e., kernel row number (KRN), kernel number per row (KNPR), ear tip-barrenness (ETB), and hundred kernel weight (HKW). Combined with the results of previous studies and functional annotation information of candidate genes, a total of six candidate genes were identified as being associated with the four traits, which were involved in plant growth and development, protein synthesis response, phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. Our results improve the understanding of the genetic basis of the four yield-related traits and may be provide a new strategy for the genetic basis of maize yield.

Enhancing hepatocellular carcinoma management: prognostic value of integrated CCL17, CCR4, CD73, and HHLA2 expression analysis.

PURPOSE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a critical global health concern, with existing treatments benefiting only a minority of patients. Recent findings implicate the chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) and its receptor CCR4 as pivotal players in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of various cancers. This investigation aims to delineate the roles of CCL17 and CCR4 in modulating the tumor's immune landscape, assessing their potential as therapeutic interventions and prognostic markers in HCC. METHODS: 873 HCC patients post-radical surgery from 2008 to 2012 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively examined. These individuals were stratified into a training cohort (n = 354) and a validation cohort (n = 519). Through immunohistochemical analysis on HCC tissue arrays, the expressions of CCL17, CCR4, CD73, CD47, HHLA2, and PD-L1 were quantified. Survival metrics were analyzed using the Cox model, and a prognostic nomogram was devised via R software. RESULTS: The investigation confirmed the presence of CCL17 and CCR4 within the cancerous and stromal compartments of HCC tissues, associating their heightened expression with adverse clinical markers and survival outcomes. Notably, the interplay between CD73 and CCR4 expression in tumor stroma highlighted a novel cellular entity, CCR4 + CD73 + stromal cells, impacting overall and relapse-free survival. A prognostic nomogram amalgamating these immunological markers and clinical variables was established, offering refined prognostic insights and aiding in the management of HCC. The findings suggest that reduced CCR4 and CCR4 + CD73 + cell prevalence may forecast improved outcomes post-TACE. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive evaluation of CCR4, CCL17, and associated markers introduces a nuanced understanding of the HCC immunological milieu, proposing CCR4 + CD73 + stromal cells as critical to HCC pathogenesis and patient stratification.

Unexpected submucosal lesion with malignant potential.

The inverted hyperplastic polyp (IHP) is known as hyperplastic gastric mucosa growth into submucosa and endoscopically presented as sessile or pedunculated submucosa lesion. It occurs in between 3.1% to 20.1% of cases, while its malignant transformation rate is just 0.02%. A male underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and discovered a submucosal lesion with a pinhole-like orifice in the fundus. And endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed it was a heterogenous hypoechoic lesion located in the submucosa. After endoscopic resection, the pathological findings and immunohistochemical staining revealed it was inverted hyperplastic polyp (IHP) with adenocarcinoma. The measurement of the cancerous IHP depth of invasion is controversial. Thus, how to define the depth of lesion invasion in this patient needs to be seriously considered. To manage IHP with adenocarcinoma better, the depth of lesion invasion cancerous IHP needs to be seriously considered.

WS2 ribbon arrays with defined chirality and coherent polarity.

One-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibiting an enhanced bulk photovoltaic effect have the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit efficiency in solar energy harvest within p-n junction architectures. However, the collective output of these prototype devices remains a challenge. We report on the synthesis of single-crystalline WS2 ribbon arrays with defined chirality and coherent polarity through an atomic manufacturing strategy. The chirality of WS2 ribbon was defined by substrate couplings into tunable armchair, zigzag, and chiral species, and the polarity direction was determined by the ribbon-precursor interfacial energy along a coherent direction. A single armchair ribbon showed strong bulk photovoltaic effect and the further integration of ~1000 aligned ribbons with coherent polarity enabled upscaling of the photocurrent.

Glycolytic lactate in diabetic kidney disease.

Lactate elevation is a well-characterized biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, but its role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is not well defined. Urine lactate was measured in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 3 cohorts (HUNT3, SMART2D, CRIC). Urine and plasma lactate were measured during euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients in the HUNT3 cohort with DKD had elevated urine lactate levels compared with age- and sex-matched controls. In patients in the SMART2D and CRIC cohorts, the third tertile of urine lactate/creatinine was associated with more rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, relative to first tertile. Patients with T1D demonstrated a strong association between glucose and lactate in both plasma and urine. Glucose-stimulated lactate likely derives in part from proximal tubular cells, since lactate production was attenuated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition in kidney sections and in SGLT2-deficient mice. Several glycolytic genes were elevated in human diabetic proximal tubules. Lactate levels above 2.5 mM potently inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human proximal tubule (HK2) cells. We conclude that increased lactate production under diabetic conditions can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and become a feed-forward component to DKD pathogenesis.

A simple and economical method for unbiasedly quantifying the alveolar size of entire mouse lung tissue utilizing Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining.

Alveolar, the smallest structural and functional units within the respiratory system, play a crucial role in maintaining lung function. Alveolar damage is a typical pathological hallmark of respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, there is currently no simple, rapid, economical, and unbiased method for quantifying alveolar size for entire lung tissue. Here, firstly, we conducted lung sample slicing based on the size, shape, and distribution of airway branches of different lobes. Next, we performed HE staining on different slices. Then, we provided an unbiased quantification of alveolar size using free software ImageJ. Through this protocol, we demonstrated that C57Bl/6 mice exhibit varying alveolar sizes among different lobes. Collectively, we provided a simple and unbiased method for a more comprehensive quantification of alveolar size in mice, which holds promise for a broader range of respiratory research using mouse models.

USP47 deficiency in mice modulates tumor infiltrating immune cells and enhances antitumor immune responses in prostate cancer.

This study investigates the role of USP47, a deubiquitinating enzyme, in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on antitumor immune responses. Analysis of TCGA database revealed distinct expression patterns of USP47 in various tumor tissues and normal tissues. Prostate adenocarcinoma showed significant downregulation of USP47 compared to normal tissue. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between USP47 expression levels and infiltrating CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, while showing a negative correlation with NKT cells. Furthermore, using Usp47 knockout mice, we observed a slower tumor growth rate and reduced tumor burden. The absence of USP47 led to increased infiltration of immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, NKT cells, and T cells. Additionally, USP47 deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and altered T cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that USP47 plays a critical role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and promoting antitumor immune responses, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

[Determination of 11 nutrients in liquid milk by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 11 nutritional components(thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, biotin, choline, L-carnitine) in liquid milk. METHODS: Milk samples were shaken with 20 mmol/L ammonium formate solution and heated in a water bath at 100 ℃ for 30 min, then incubated with papain and acid phosphatase at 45 ℃ for 16 h, the lower liquid was collected after centrifugation for analysis. UPLC separation was performed on an ACQUITY~(TM) HSS T3(3.0 mm×150 mm, 1.8 µm) column, 2 mmol/L ammonium formate(containing 0.1% formic acid) solution and acetonitrile(containing 0.1% formic acid) were used as mobile phase. Quantitative detection was performed by internal standard method. RESULTS: 11 nutritional components can be effectively separated and detected in 12 min, and the linear correlation coefficients(R~2) were all above 0.995. The limits of detection(LODs) were between 0.05 and 0.50 µg/L, and the limits of quantification(LOQs) were between 0.20 and 1.25 µg/L. The recovery rates of three-level addition were 85.6%-119.3%, and the precision RSDs were between 3.68% and 7.82%(n=6). Based on the detection of 60 liquid milk samples from 5 different animals, it was found that the contents of 11 nutrients in liquid milk from different milk sources were significantly different, but pyridoxine could not be detected. CONCLUSION: The method can quantitatively detect 11 water-soluble nutrients, including free and bound forms, by effective enzymolysis. It is sensitive, reproducible and can meet the needs of quantitative detection.

Enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin and associated antibiotic-resistant genes from wastewater using a biological aeration filters in combination with Fe3O4-modified zeolite.

Antibiotics release into the water environment through sewage discharge is a significant environmental concern. In the present study, we investigated the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in simulated sewage by biological aeration filter (BAF) equipped with Fe3O4-modified zeolite (Fe3O4@ZF). Fe3O4@ZF were prepared with impregnation method, and the Fe3O4 particles were successfully deposited on the surface of ZF in an amorphous form according to the results of XPS and XRD analysis. The modification also increased the specific surface area (from 16.22 m²/g to 22 m²/g) and pore volume (from 0.0047 cm³/g to 0.0063 cm³/g), improving the adsorption efficiency of antibiotics. Fe3O4 modified ZF improved the treatment performance significantly, and the removal efficiency of CIP in BAF-Fe3O4@ZF was 79%±2.4%. At 10ml/L CIP, the BAF-Fe3O4@ZF reduced the relative abundances of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) int, mexA, qnrB and qnrS in the effluent by 57.16%, 39.59%, 60.22%, and 20.25%, respectively, which effectively mitigate the dissemination risk of ARGs. The modification of ZF increased CIP-degrading bacteria abundance, such as Rhizobium and Deinococcus-Thermus, and doubled bacterial ATP activity, promoting CIP degradation. This study offers a viable, efficient method to enhance antibiotic treatment and prevent leakage via sewage discharge.

Mobilization and activation of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells inhibits lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) facilitates distant tumor colonization and leads to the high mortality in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, it remains elusive how ICC cells subvert immune surveillance within the primary tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and subsequently metastasize to lymph nodes (LNs). In this study, scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses identified decreased infiltration of dendritic cells (DCs) into primary tumor sites of ICC with LNM, which was further validated via dual-color immunofluorescence staining of 219 surgically resected ICC samples. Tumor-infiltrating DCs correlated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and better prognoses in ICC patients. Mechanistically, ß-catenin-mediated CXCL12 suppression accounted for the impaired DC recruitment in ICC with LNM. Two mouse ICC cell lines MuCCA1 and mIC-23 cells were established from AKT/NICD or AKT/YAP-induced murine ICCs respectively and were utilized to construct the footpad tumor LNM model. We found that expansion and activation of conventional DCs (cDCs) by combined Flt3L and poly(I:C) (FL-pIC) therapy markedly suppressed the metastasis of mIC-23 cells to popliteal LNs. Moreover, ß-catenin inhibition restored the defective DC infiltration into primary tumor sites and reduced the incidence of LNM in ICC. Collectively, our findings identify tumor cell intrinsic ß-catenin activation as a key mechanism for subverting DC-mediated anti-tumor immunity in ICC with LNM. FL-pIC therapy or ß-catenin inhibitor could merit exploration as a potential regimen for mitigating ICC cell metastasis to LNs and achieving effective tumor immune control.

[Spatial Patterns of Soil Bacterial Communities and N-cycling Functional Groups Along an Altitude Gradient in Datong River Basin].

The altitude distribution patterns of soil microorganisms and their driving mechanisms are crucial for understanding the consequences of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. There is an obvious altitude difference in Datong River Basin in the Qilian Mountains. Two spatial scale transections were set up along the mountain slope (with altitude spanning 1 000 m) and the mainstream direction (with altitude spanning 300-500 m), respectively. The distribution characteristics of the soil bacterial community structure and diversity along the altitude gradients were examined using high-throughput sequencing technology. Based on the FAPROTAX database, the altitude distribution patterns of nitrogen cycling functional groups were analyzed to investigate the major environmental factors influencing the altitude distribution patterns of soil bacterial communities. The findings revealed that:① Soil physicochemical characteristics varied significantly with altitude. The content of total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) were positively correlated with the altitude (P < 0.01), whereas the soil bulk density and pH were negatively connected (P < 0.001). ② The abundance of OTU increased significantly along the altitude (P < 0.01), and the richness and diversity indices increased along the altitude, although the trend was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). ③ The predominant bacterial communities were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and as altitude climbed, their relative abundances varied between increasing, decreasing, and slightly decreasing, respectively. ④ The nitrogen cycling processes involved 13 functional groups, primarily nitrification, aerobic ammonia oxidation, aerobic nitrite oxidation, etc. As the altitude increased, the response law changed, with an increase in the abundance of nitrobacteria (P < 0.01), a slight increase in the abundance of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and a hump-back tendency in bacteria abundance for nitrogen respiration. ⑤ Redundancy analysis revealed that the key determinants influencing soil bacterial populations at the phylum level were altitude, pH, and the content of NH4+. Mantel analysis showed that the dominant groups of soil bacterial nitrogen cycling were all statistically and significantly driven by altitude (P < 0.01). ⑥ The α-diversity of the bacterial community with increasing altitude were both increased along the mountain slope and the mainstream direction, but the soil properties, the abundance of N-cycling functional groups, and the main environmental factors differed. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the altitude distribution pattern of soil microorganisms at different spatial scales.

Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals among Elderly in Wuhan, China: Prioritizing Risks Using EPA's ToxCast Database.

In line with the "healthy aging" principle, we aim to assess the exposure map and health risks of environmental chemicals in the elderly. Blood samples from 918 elderly individuals in Wuhan, China, were analyzed using the combined gas/liquid-mass spectrometry technology to detect levels of 118 environmental chemicals. Cluster analysis identified exposure profiles, while risk indexes and bioanalytical equivalence percentages were calculated using EPA's ToxCast database. The detection rates for 87 compounds exceeded 70%. DEHP, DiBP, naphthalene, phenanthrene, DnBP, pyrene, anthracene, permethrin, fluoranthene, and PFOS showed the highest concentrations. Fat-soluble pollutants varied across lifestyles. In cluster 2, which was characterized by higher concentrations of fat-soluble substances, the proportion of smokers or drinkers was higher than that of nonsmokers or nondrinkers. Pesticides emerged as the most active environmental chemicals in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonist, TR agonist, and androgen receptor (AR) agonist activity assays. Additionally, PAEs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons played significant roles as active contaminants for the corresponding targets of AR antagonists and estrogen receptor alpha. We proposed a list of priority pollutants linked to endocrine-disrupting toxic effects in the elderly, which may provide the groundwork for further research into environmental etiology.

Prevalence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food contact materials from China and their implications for human dietary exposure through take-away food.

The application of disposable tableware has increased substantially in recent times due to the rapidly growing food delivery business in China. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in food contact materials (FCMs) to delay the process of oxidation; however, their compositions, concentrations, and potential health hazards remain unclear. Therefore, FCMs comprised of five materials obtained from 19 categories (n = 118) in China were analyzed for SPAs concentrations. FCMs have been found to contain a variety of SPAs, with ∑SPAs concentrations ranging from 44.18 to 69,485.12 µg/kg (median: 2615.63 µg/kg). The predominant congeners identified in the sample include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP), and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) with a median concentration of 885.75, 555.45 and of 217.44 µg/kg, respectively. Milky tea paper cups, instant noodle buckets, milky teacups, and disposable cups showed high levels of SPAs. 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (AO 2246) was predominantly detected in polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate-based products. The migration test identified disposable plastic cups and bowls as the predominant FCMs and 2,4-DTBP as the dominant SPA. The exposure risk of SPAs decreased with age. In children, the estimated daily intake of ∑SPAs from FCMs was determined to be 17.56 ng/kg body weight/day, which was 8.3 times higher than that of phthalic acid esters. The current findings indicate the potential ingestion risk of SPAs during the daily life application of multiple FCM categories.

[Changes in fingerprint and chromaticity values of Mori Cortex during stir-frying process].

This study aims to reveal the dynamics of the HPLC fingerprint, chromaticity values, and main chemical components of Mori Cortex during the stir-frying process. The fingerprints of raw and processed products of Mori Cortex were established. The content of mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, kuwanon G, and kuwanon H in the samples and the chromaticity values of the samples were determined. Furthermore, the similarity evaluation of fingerprints and the correlation analysis between fingerprints and chromaticity values were carried out. The results showed that the fingerprints of raw and processed products of Mori Cortex had high similarity, and the overall changes in the content of the main chemical components in the stir-frying process were similar. According to the experience, when the stir-frying is moderate, the total chromaticity value difference |ΔE~*_(ab)| is above 1.5. With the extension of stir-frying time, the L~* and E~*_(ab) values keep decreasing, and the a~* value keeps increasing. The results of the correlation analysis between fingerprints and chromaticity values showed that peaks 1(5-hydroxy maltol), 2(mulberroside A), 3, 4, 6, 7, 11(oxyresveratrol), 14, 17(kuwanon G), and 18(kuwanon H) had significant correlations with the chromaticity values. Quantitative analysis of the four components with higher content showed that the content of the four components decreased to varying degrees when the stir-frying was excessive. In addition, 5-hydroxy maltol was produced after stir-frying of Mori Cortex, and the fingerprint and chromaticity values showed regular changes during the stir-frying process. The chromaticity can be included in the evaluation of the stir-frying process of Mori Cortex, which provides a reference for standardizing the quality of stir-fried Mori Cortex.

Study on fingerprint and quantitative analysis of Verbena officinalis water extract by LC-MS and HPLC.

Verbena officinalis L. as a medical plant has been used to treat many diseases. However, the quality control underlying V. officinalis remains to be studied. HPLC fingerprint analysis and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of water extract from V. officinalis were carried out, and it was found that the quality varies according to habitat and batch. Verbenalin could be a crucial component in the quality evaluation of V. officinalis. This study contributes to better understanding of quality control for V. officinalis.

Radiating blood flow signal: A new ultrasound feature of thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To summary radiating blood flow signals and evaluate their diagnostic value in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively recruited consecutive patients undergoing US at 4 hospitals from 2018 to 2022. In a training dataset, the correlations of US features with malignant thyroid nodules were assessed by multivariate logistic analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models involving the ACR TI-RADS score, radiating blood flow signals and their combination were built and validated internally and externally. The AUC with 95% asymptotic normal confidence interval as well as sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) with 95% exact binomial confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Among 2475 patients (1818 women, age: 42.47 ± 11.57; 657 men, age: 42.16 ± 11.69), there were 3187 nodules (2342 malignant nodules and 845 benign nodules). Radiating blood flow signals were an independent risk factor for diagnosing thyroid carcinoma. In the training set, the AUC of the model using the combination of radiating blood flow signals and the ACR TI-RADS score (0.95 95 % CI: [0.94, 0.97]; P < 0.001) was significantly higher than that of the ACR TI-RADS model (0.91 [0.89, 0.93]). In the two internal validation sets and the external validation set, the AUCs of the combination model were 0.97 [0.96, 0.98], 0.92 [0.88, 0.96], and 0.91 [0.86, 0.95], respectively, and were all significantly higher than that of the ACR TI-RADS score (0.92 [0.90, 0.95], 0.86 [0.81, 0.91], 0.84 [0.79, 0.89]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Radiating blood flow is a new US feature of thyroid carcinomas that can significantly improve the diagnostic performance vs. the ACR TI-RADS score.

Characterization of phospholipidome in milk, yogurt and cream, and phospholipid differences related to various dairy processing methods.

Milk phospholipids have multiple health benefits, but the deficiency of detailed phospholipid profiles in dairy products brings obstacles to intake calculation and function evaluation of dairy phospholipids. In present study, 306 phospholipid molecular species were identified and quantified among 207 milk, yogurt and cream products using a HILIC-ESI-Q-TOF MS and a HILIC-ESI-QQQ MS. The phospholipid profiles of five mammals' milk show that camel milk contains the most abundant phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin; cow, yak and goat milk have similar phospholipidomes, while buffalo milk contains abundant phosphatidylinositol. Fewer plasmalogens but more lyso-glycerolphospholipids were found in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilized milk than in pasteurized milk, and higher proportions of lyso-glycerolphospholipid/total phospholipid were observed in both cream and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk than whole milk, indicating that UHT and skimming processes improve glycerolphospholipid degradation and phospholipid nutrition loss. Meanwhile, more diacyl-glycerolphospholipids and less of their degradation products make yogurt a better phospholipid resource than whole milk.

Impact of Obesity on Midurethral Sling Failure in a Highly Hispanic Population.

IMPORTANCE: Mixed data exist in the literature regarding the impact of obesity on midurethral sling (MUS) failure rates. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obesity and Hispanic ethnicity on MUS failure. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of females who underwent MUS surgery, alone or with concomitant prolapse repair, with at least 1 year of follow-up. Body mass index (BMI) classes were categorized as normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), obese (30-39.9 kg/m2), and severe obesity (≥40 kg/m2). The primary outcome was MUS failure, defined as a composite of subjectively unchanged or worsened symptoms or need for additional procedures. Secondary outcomes included risk factors related to MUS failure and the effect of ethnicity on MUS failure rates. RESULTS: A total of 322 women were included for analysis. The mean age was 52.3 years. Increasing BMI was associated with higher MUS failure, with multivariate logistic regression showing a 5% increased risk for each 1 kg/m2 BMI increase. Failure rates were significantly different between normal BMI and severe obesity (16.7% vs 36.4%, P = 0.04). After adjusting for other variables, transobturator slings had a higher risk of failure compared with retropubic slings, whereas surgeon training and patient ethnicity did not affect failure rates. CONCLUSIONS: We found that increasing BMI was associated with higher MUS failures, with significantly higher failure rates in the severely obese population. Although MUS remains the standard of care for treatment of SUI, based on our findings, counseling should be individualized to the patient, taking into account each patient's unique characteristics.