RÉSUMÉ
Severe combined immunodeficiency screening by measuring T-receptor excision circles at birth allows evaluation of the impact of various maternal conditions on newborn immunity. The slight decrease observed in a French cohort of newborns to HIV-infected mothers can be explained by the confounding factors of prematurity and African descent.
Sujet(s)
Agents antiVIH/administration et posologie , Infections à VIH/immunologie , Dépistage néonatal/méthodes , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/diagnostic , Récepteurs aux antigènes des cellules T/génétique , Immunodéficience combinée grave/génétique , Adulte , Études de cohortes , Femelle , Études de suivi , France , Dépistage génétique , Infections à VIH/diagnostic , Séropositivité VIH , Humains , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne/méthodes , Grossesse , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/traitement médicamenteux , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/virologie , Valeurs de référence , Études rétrospectives , Immunodéficience combinée grave/diagnostic , Immunodéficience combinée grave/épidémiologieRÉSUMÉ
OBJECTIVE: To compare performance of testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 DNA and HIV-1 RNA for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants receiving preventive antiretroviral therapy. STUDY DESIGN: This substudy of the French multicenter prospective cohort of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers, included 1567 infants tested for HIV with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a single laboratory, receiving post-natal prophylaxis, not breastfed, and having simultaneous HIV-1 DNA and RNA results before 45 days. The performance of PCR was assessed in reference to the 6-month HIV-1 RNA result. RESULTS: Specificity of both HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA PCR was 100% at all ages (except 99.8% for DNA at birth); sensitivity was 58% (RNA) and 55% (DNA) at birth, and 89% at 1 month, 100% at 3 months for both, and 100% at 6 months (DNA). Concordance between HIV-1 DNA and RNA results was 0.78 and 0.81 (Kappa) at birth and 1 month and 100% at 3 and 6 months. Type of maternal and neonatal prophylaxis had no effect on sensitivity, but influenced viral load. CONCLUSION: The performances of testing for HIV-1 DNA and RNA were similar with 100% sensitivity at 3 months. At 1 month during prophylaxis, 11% of infected children had negative PCR results.
Sujet(s)
ADN viral , Infections à VIH/diagnostic , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/génétique , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , ARN viral , ADN viral/analyse , Diagnostic précoce , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Études prospectives , ARN viral/analyse , Sensibilité et spécificitéRÉSUMÉ
As adolescentes fazem parte de um grupo da populaçäo no qual é de grande importåncia o seguimentoda evoluçäodos comportamentos face às DST/Aids pois é uma fase de vida onde o risco de DST é mior. Objetiva validar um questionário a ser aplicado às adolescentes e estimar o tamanho de amostra necessário para um estudo de prevalência de chlamydia trachomatis e de alguns comportamentos de risco entre as adolescentes. Os dados foram coletados através de uma pesquisa quantitativa em um estudo descritivo com adolescentes - 15 a 19 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário face a face e coletado uma amostra de urina para testar CT usando LCX,nABBITT laboratories, após assinatura do termo de consentimento e autorizaçäodos pais. Os dados coletados estäo de acordo com os encontrados na literatura e seräo utilizados como paråmetro para estimar a frequência da infecçäo pela Chlamydia e determinar os fatores de risco associados