Bioinspired molecular catalysts with a unique tricopper architecture for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction.

In situ growth of intertwined trinuclear copper complexes (nCu3) on a cellulose-derived carbon support (CMC) produced a high-performance electrocatalyst (CMC-nCu3) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which demonstrated superior performance in zinc-air batteries compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work highlights the importance of copper-based molecular catalysts with rich and intertwined tricopper structures for boosting both ORR activity and stability.

Validation of a Major and Clinically Relevant Nonmajor Bleeding Phenotyping Algorithm on Electronic Health Records.

PURPOSE: Bleeding is an important health outcome of interest in epidemiological studies. We aimed to develop and validate rule-based algorithms to identify (1) major bleeding and (2) all clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) (composite of major and all clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding) within real-world electronic healthcare data. METHODS: We took a random sample (n = 1630) of inpatient admissions to Singapore public healthcare institutions in 2019 and 2020, stratifying by hospital and year. We included patients of all age groups, sex, and ethnicities. Presence of major bleeding and CRB were ascertained by two annotators through chart review. A total of 630 and 1000 records were used for algorithm development and validation, respectively. We formulated two algorithms: sensitivity- and positive predictive value (PPV)-optimized algorithms. A combination of hemoglobin test patterns and diagnosis codes were used in the final algorithms. RESULTS: During validation, diagnosis codes alone yielded low sensitivities for major bleeding (0.16) and CRB (0.24), although specificities and PPV were high (>0.97). For major bleeding, the sensitivity-optimized algorithm had much higher sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPVs) (sensitivity = 0.94, NPV = 1.00), however false positive rates were also relatively high (specificity = 0.90, PPV = 0.34). PPV-optimized algorithm had improved specificity and PPV (specificity = 0.96, PPV = 0.52), with little reduction in sensitivity and NPV (sensitivity = 0.88, NPV = 0.99). For CRB events, our algorithms had lower sensitivities (0.50-0.56). CONCLUSIONS: The use of diagnosis codes alone misses many genuine major bleeding events. We have developed major bleeding algorithms with high sensitivities, which can ascertain events within populations of interest.

[Analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery. METHODS: The basic case data of 566 patients who underwent spine surgery under general anesthesia from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 296 males and 270 females with an average age of (71.58 ± 4.21) years old. There were 195 cases of cervical spine surgery, 26 cases of thoracic spine surgery and 345 cases of lumbar spine surgery.According to the occurrence of postoperative delirium, the patients were divided into postoperative delirium group(41 patients) and non-delirium group (525 patients). Univariate analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors such as gender, age, weight, smoking history, drinking history, surgical site, preoperative anxiety, intraoperative hypotension times, blood loss and so on, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the univariate factors with P<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients developed postoperative delirium. Univariate analysis showed that age (P=0.000), duration of surgery (P=0.039), preoperative anxiety (P=0.001), blood loss (P=0.000), history of opioid use (P=0.003), history of stroke (P=0.005), C-reactive protein (P=0.000), sodium ion(P=0.000) were significantly different between delirium group and non-delirium group. These factors were included in the binary Logistic regression analysis, and the results showed that age [OR=0.729, 95%CI(0.569, 0.932), P=0.012], opioid use [OR=21.500, 95%CI(1.334, 346.508), P=0.031], blood loss [OR=0.932, 95%CI(0.875, 0.993), P=0.029], C-reactive protein [OR=0.657, 95%CI(0.485, 0.890), P=0.007], preoperative anxiety [OR=23.143, 95%CI(1.859, 288.090), P=0.015], and sodium [OR=1.228, 95%CI(1.032, 1.461), P=0.020] were independent risk factors for the development of delirium after spinal surgery in elderly patients. CONCLUSION: Age, opioid use, blood loss, preoperative anxiety, elevated c-reactive protein, and hyponatremia are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

IFIH1 variants are associated with generalised epilepsy preceded by febrile seizures.

BACKGROUND: IFIH1 variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether IFIH1 variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive. METHODS: Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations. RESULTS: Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. IFIH1 is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: IFIH1 variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of IFIH1 variants.

Identification and characterization of chemical constituents in Mahuang Guizhi Decoction and their metabolites in rat plasma and brain by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

Objective: Mahuang Guizhi Decoction (MGD), an essential herbal pair in traditional Chinese medicine, is able to release cold, fever and asthma, mainly containing alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and amino acids. However, the absorption and distribution of these four category compounds in vivo still remained unclearly. Methods: In our research, we utilized UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique to identify the constituents within MGD, as well as the prototypes of MGD and their metabolites absorbed in plasma and brain. We further profiled the drug-time curve of prototypes and metabolites of MGD both in plasma and brain. Results: Our results showed that 105 constituents were characterized in MGD. Thirty of them could be absorbed into blood, and ten of them could be distributed into brain. We also discovered eight new bio-transformed metabolites in blood, and a half of which could pass through the blood-brain barrier. In addition, all components detected in vivo could be absorbed and distributed immediately. Conclusion: These findings provide an approachable method to analyze the potential bio-active compounds in MGD and their in vivo behaviors, which could promote the efficacious material basis study of MGD and the security of clinical utilization.

Evolution of the Structure and Morphology of Dual-Linker ZIF-301-eIm.

Few studies have reported on the continuous evolution of dual-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks' (ZIFs) structure and morphology during the crystal growth process. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel ZIF material with CHA topology (ZIF-301-eIm) via the combination of a small-sized 2-ethylimidazole (eIm) with the large-sized 5-chlorobenzimidazole ligand. A series of derivative materials with distinct structures and morphologies were obtained via two pathways: (1) insufficient amount of eIm with prolonged crystallization time (pathway A) and (2) sufficient amount of eIm with prolonged crystallization time (pathway B). Various characterization techniques revealed the continuous evolution of structure and morphology during the crystal growth process. Insufficient amount of eIm and crystallization time (crystallization pathway A) led to ZIF-301-eIm derivatives with defective and open structures alongside an aggregated morphology of nanoparticles. Prolonging the crystallization time allowed small-sized eIm ligands to gradually fill into the framework, resulting in the formation of ZIF-301-eIm-A5 characterized by complete but dense structures with a perfect polyhedral morphology. Remarkably, a sufficient amount of eIm during synthesis (crystallization pathway B) formed ZIF-301-eIm-B1 with a similar structure and morphology to ZIF-301-eIm-A5 in just 1 day. ZIF-301-eIm-B3, with intact, dense structures, exhibits superior acetone/butanol separation performance compared to ZIF-301-eIm-A3 due to small pore windows and large cages facilitating selective adsorption of acetone through exclusion separation.

Collagen in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel biomarker and therapeutic target.

HCC is globally recognized as a major health threat. Despite significant progress in the development of treatment strategies for liver cancer, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance remain key factors leading to a poor prognosis for the majority of liver cancer patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. Collagen, the most abundant and diverse protein in the tumor microenvironment, is highly expressed in various solid tumors and plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tumors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal expression of collagen in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and treatment of liver cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target and a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structure, classification, and origin of collagen, as well as its role in the progression and treatment of HCC and its potential clinical value, offering new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of liver cancer.

Glaucomatous Focal Perfusion Loss in the Macula Measured by Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography.

PURPOSE: To measure low perfusion area (LPA) and focal perfusion loss (FPL) in the macula using OCT angiography (OCTA) for glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional "case-control" comparison study. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 37 normal participants were analyzed. AngioVue 6 × 6-mm high-definition (400 × 400 transverse pixels) macular OCTA scans were performed on one eye of each participant. Flow signal was calculated using the split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography algorithm. En face ganglion cell layer plexus (GCLP) and superficial vascular complex (SVC) images were generated. Using custom software, vessel density (VD) maps were obtained by computing the fraction of area occupied by flow pixels after low-pass filtering by local averaging 41 × 41 pixels. LPA was defined by local VD below 0.5 percentile over a contiguous area above 98.5 percentile of the normal reference population. The FPL was the percent VD loss (relative to normal mean) integrated over the LPA. RESULTS: Among patients with POAG, 30 had perimetric and 30 had pre-perimetric glaucoma. The LPAGCLP-VD was 0.16±0.38 mm2 in normal and 5.78±6.30 mm2 in glaucoma subjects (P<0.001). The FPLGCLP-VD was 0.20%±0.47% in normal and 7.52%±8.84% in glaucoma subjects (P<0.001). The perimetric glaucoma diagnostic accuracy, measured by the area under the receiver operating curve, was 0.993 for LPAGCLP-VD and 0.990 for FPLGCLP-VD. The sensitivities were 96.7% and 93.3% at 95% specificity, respectively. The LPAGCLP-VD and FPLGCLP-VD had good repeatability (0.957 and 0.952 by intraclass correlation coefficient). Diagnostic accuracy was better than GCLP VD (AROC 0.950, sensitivity 83.3%) and OCT ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness (AROC 0.927, sensitivity 80.0%), GCC focal loss volume (AROC 0.957, sensitivity 80.0%). The LPAGCLP-VD and FPLGCLP-VD correlated well with central VF mean deviations (Pearson's r=-0.716 and -0.705 respectively, both P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Assessment of macular focal perfusion loss using OCTA is useful in evaluating glaucomatous damage.

Endoscopic Vitrectomy Combined with 3D Heads-Up Viewing System in Treating Traumatic Ocular Injury.

Purpose: To investigate effects and complications of endoscopic vitrectomy combined with 3D heads-up viewing system in treating traumatic ocular injury. Patients and Methods. This is a retrospective interventional case series in a tertiary referral center in Taiwan, and we included patients of traumatic ocular injury, and they underwent endoscopic vitrectomy combined with a 3D heads-up viewing system. Results: Fourteen eyes of traumatic globe injury from 14 patients were studied over a 30-month period. Preoperative VA ranged from no light perception (NLP) to 6/6. Postoperative visual acuity improved in 11 of the 14 eyes (79%). Until 6 months after surgery, all eyes had attached retina. The median logMAR BCVA was 2.4 at the first visit and 1.19 at the last visit (p = 0.0028). No subject suffered from retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, or other severe complications. Conclusions: Vitrectomy using endoscopy combined with 3D heads-up viewing system allowed early evaluation and intervention in traumatic ocular injuries. Most of our cases showed both anatomical and visual acuity improvements.

Creating Asymmetric Fe-N3C-N Sites in Single-Atom Catalysts Boosts Catalytic Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Fine tuning of the metal site coordination environment of a single-atom catalyst (SAC) to boost its catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of significance but challenging. Herein, we report a new SAC bearing Fe-N3C-N sites with asymmetric in-plane coordinated Fe-N3C and axial coordinated N atom for ORR, which was obtained by pyrolysis of an iron isoporphyrin on polyvinylimidazole (PVI) coated carbon black. The C@PVI-(NCTPP)Fe-800 catalyst exhibited significantly improved ORR activity (E1/2 = 0.89 V vs RHE) than the counterpart SAC with Fe-N4-N sites in 0.1 M KOH. Significantly, the Zn-air batteries equipped with the C@PVI-(NCTPP)Fe-800 catalyst demonstrated an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.45 V and a peak power density (Pmax) of 130 mW/cm2, outperforming the commercial Pt/C catalyst (OCV = 1.42 V; Pmax = 119 mW/cm2). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the d-band center of the asymmetric Fe-N3C-N structure shifted upward, which enhances its electron-donating ability, favors O2 adsorption, and supports O-O bond activation, thus leading to significantly promoted catalytic activity. This research presents an intriguing strategy for the designing of the active site architecture in metal SACs with a structure-function controlled approach, significantly enhancing their catalytic efficiency for the ORR and offering promising prospects in energy-conversion technologies.

[Spatio-temporal Differentiation of County Carbon Budget and Territorial Space Optimization Zoning Strategy in Gansu Province from the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality].

Under the background of comprehensively practicing the overall system concept of the "living community" in the new era, incorporating the carbon neutral development goal into the territorial spatial planning and construction and establishing the territorial spatial pattern and optimization strategy in line with the actual development of Gansu Province are of great significance for promoting the comprehensive green low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of regional economy and society. Taking counties in Gansu Province as an example, based on the perspective of carbon neutrality research, the land use carbon budget of 87 counties in Gansu Province in 2010, 2015, and 2021 was calculated and analyzed. GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis were used to further explore their spatial differentiation characteristics and the overall characteristics of the carbon emission spatial correlation network. At last, combined with the main function zoning, the low-carbon oriented land space optimization zoning was carried out, and differentiated low-carbon development strategies were proposed. The results were as follows： ① Carbon emissions in Gansu Province showed an upward trend, but the increase rate decreased, showing a spatial distribution of "high in the central and eastern part of the country, low in the southwest." Construction land was the main carbon source. The carbon uptake showed a spatial distribution of "high in the south and low in the north, high in the west and low in the east." Woodlands were the main carbon sinks. The net carbon emissions showed an increasing trend, and approximately 58.62% of the counties in the province were in a carbon imbalance situation. ② In 2021, the spatial network of county carbon emissions was closely related, showing a "core-edge" pattern. The Chenguan District and Qilihe District were in the core position of the network and received more correlation relationships in the network. The network contacts in Longzhong area were frequent, followed by the contacts in Longdongnan area. ③ Based on carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, and ecological carrying capacity coefficients and using the results of spatial correlation of social networks as role positions, the province was divided into four carbon-neutral sub-districts. At the same time, superimposed analysis of the main function zoning, the county area of the province was reconstructed into seven territorial space zones, and the differentiated regional low-carbon optimization development strategy was proposed for each zone.

Prognostic implications of preoperative, postoperative, and dynamic changes of alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma (γ)-carboxy prothrombin expression pattern for hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection: a multicenter observational study.

Background: The utility of pre- and post-operative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma (γ)-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) expression patterns and their dynamic changes as predictors of the outcome of hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be well elucidated. Methods: From a multicenter database, AFP and DCP data during the week prior to surgery and the first post-discharge outpatient visit (within 1-2 months after surgery) were collected from patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy. AFP-DCP expression patterns were categorized according to the number of positive tumor markers (AFP ≥ 20ng/mL, DCP ≥ 40mAU/mL), including double-negative, single-positive, and double-positive. Changes in the AFP-DCP expression patterns were delineated based on variations in the number of positive tumor markers when comparing pre- and post-operative patterns. Results: Preoperatively, 53 patients (8.3%), 337 patients (52.8%), and 248 patients (38.9%) exhibited double-negative, single-positive, and double-positive AFP-DCP expression patterns, respectively. Postoperatively, 463 patients (72.6%), 130 patients (20.4%), and 45 patients (7.0%) showed double-negative, single-positive, and double-positive AFP-DCP expression patterns, respectively. Survival analysis showed a progressive decrease in recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) as the number of postoperative positive tumor markers increased (both P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative AFP-DCP expression pattern, but not preoperative AFP-DCP expression pattern, was an independent risk factor for RFS and OS. Further analysis showed that for patients with positive preoperative markers, prognosis gradually improves as positive markers decrease postoperatively. In particular, when all postoperative markers turned negative, the prognosis was consistent with that of preoperative double-negative patients, regardless of the initial number of positive markers. Conclusions: AFP-DCP expression patterns, particularly postoperative patterns, serve as vital sources of information for prognostic evaluation following hepatectomy for HCC. Moreover, changes in AFP-DCP expression patterns from pre- to post-operation enable dynamic prognostic risk stratification postoperatively, aiding the development of individualized follow-up strategies.

Vinorelbine administration impedes the timely progression of meiotic maturation and induces aneuploidy in mouse oocytes.

Vinorelbine is a commonly used drug to treat various malignancies, such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic pleural mesothelioma. Its side effects include severe neutropenia, local phlebitis, gastrointestinal reactions, and neurotoxicity. In view of the scarcity of research on vinorelbine's reproductive toxicity, this study evaluated the impact of vinorelbine ditartrate, a commonly used form of vinorelbine, on oocyte maturation in vitro. Our investigation revealed that vinorelbine ditartrate had no effect on oocyte meiotic resumption. However, it did reduce the rate of first polar body extrusion, suggesting that it could significantly impede the meiotic maturation of oocytes. Vinorelbine ditartrate exposure was found to disturb the regular spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, leading to the continuous activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and a delayed activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), ultimately causing aneuploidy in oocytes. Consequently, the administration of vinorelbine is likely to result in oocyte aneuploidy, which can be helpful in providing a drug reference and fertility guidance in a clinical context.

CRISPR-Based Modular Assembly for High-Throughput Construction of a UAS-cDNA/ORF Plasmid Library.

Functional genomics screening offers a powerful approach to probe gene function and relies on the construction of genome-wide plasmid libraries. Conventional approaches for plasmid library construction are time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, we recently developed a simple and efficient method, CRISPR-based modular assembly (CRISPRmass), for high-throughput construction of a genome-wide upstream activating sequence-complementary DNA/open reading frame (UAS-cDNA/ORF) plasmid library. Here, we present a protocol for CRISPRmass, taking as an example the construction of a GAL4/UAS-based UAS-cDNA/ORF plasmid library. The protocol includes massively parallel two-step test tube reactions followed by bacterial transformation. The first step is to linearize the existing complementary DNA (cDNA) or open reading frame (ORF) cDNA or ORF library plasmids by cutting the shared upstream vector sequences adjacent to the 5' end of cDNAs or ORFs using CRISPR/Cas9 together with single guide RNA (sgRNA), and the second step is to insert a UAS module into the linearized cDNA or ORF plasmids using a single step reaction. CRISPRmass allows the simple, fast, efficient, and cost-effective construction of various plasmid libraries. The UAS-cDNA/ORF plasmid library can be utilized for gain-of-function screening in cultured cells and for constructing a genome-wide transgenic UAS-cDNA/ORF library in Drosophila.

Advances in Bioinspired Artificial Systems Enabling Biomarker-Driven Therapy.

Bioinspired molecular engineering strategies have emerged as powerful tools that significantly enhance the development of novel therapeutics, improving efficacy, specificity, and safety in disease treatment. Recent advancements have focused on identifying and utilizing disease-associated biomarkers to optimize drug activity and address challenges inherent in traditional therapeutics, such as frequent drug administrations, poor patient adherence, and increased risk of adverse effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in bioinspired artificial systems (BAS) that use molecular engineering to tailor therapeutic responses to drugs in the presence of disease-specific biomarkers. We examine the transition from open-loop systems, which rely on external cues, to closed-loop feedback systems capable of autonomous self-regulation in response to disease-associated biomarkers. We detail various BAS modalities designed to achieve biomarker-driven therapy, including activatable prodrug molecules, smart drug delivery platforms, autonomous artificial cells, and synthetic receptor-based cell therapies, elucidating their operational principles and practical in vivo applications. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the advancement of BAS-enabled technology and envision that ongoing advancements toward more programmable and customizable BAS-based therapeutics will significantly enhance precision medicine.

[A Retrospective Study of R±DHAX Regimen versus R-CHOP Regimen First-Line Treatment of Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of Rituximab combined with DHAX and CHOP regimen in the first-line treatment of elderly patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: A total of 36 elderly patients with DLBCL who were admitted and treated with 3 of more courses of treatment from August 2011 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into rituximab±DHAX (R±DHAX) regimen group (18 cases) and rituximab±CHOP (R-CHOP) regimen group (18 cases) according to the treatment plan, and clinical features, efficacy and survival of the patients were observed. RESULTS: Compared with R-CHOP group, patients of the R±DHAX group were older, and had worse performance status and higher IPI score, the differences between two groups in age, ECOG score and IPI score were statistically significant ( P =0.005 P =0.018, P =0.035), but there were no significant differences beween two groups in gender, whether there were B symptoms, whether LDH was elevated, whether there was extranodal involvement, cell origin, bone marrow infiltration, and whether rituximab was combined ( P =0.738, P =1, P =0.315, P =0.305, P =0.413, P =0.177, P =0.711, P =0.229). The efficacy could be evaluated in 36 cases, including CR 14 (38.9%), PR 17 (47.2%), PD 5 (13.9%), and ORR of 86.1% (31/36). There were no statistically significant differences in CRï¼»(27.8%（5/18） vs 50.0%（9/18）; P >0.05ï¼½ and PR ï¼»44.4%（8/18） vs 50.0%（9/18）; P >0.05ï¼½ of R±DHAX group and R-CHOP group, there was statistically significant difference in ORRï¼»72.2%（13/18） vs 100.0%（18/18）; P =0.045ï¼½ between two groups. The 1-year OS of R±DHAX group and R-CHOP group was (38.9±11.5%)% and (94.4±7.4%)%, respectively, 2-year OS was (16.7±8.8)% and (72.2±10.6)%, respectively, and the differences between two groups were statistically significant ( P =0.001, P =0.002). The median survival time in the R±DHAX group was 11 months(95%CI :8.9-13.1), and the median survival time in the R-CHOP group was not reached, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: For elderly DLBCL patients, R±DHAX may not be superior to R-CHOP in OS, and ECOG score, IPI score and age may affect the survival of elderly DLBCL patients. However, R±DHAX regimen is safe, tolerable and has a certain efficacy, which can be used as one of the clinical treatment options for elderly DLBCL.

Construction of 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/Nb2CTx (MXene) hybrid with hole transport highway and active facet exposure boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

In this study, leveraging the tunable surface groups of MXene, the two-dimensional (2D) Nb2CTx with OH terminal (NC) was synthesized. 2D ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) nanosheets were prepared with the aid of sodium citrate, enhancing the exposure ratio of active (110) facet. On this basis, 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/Nb2CTx heterojunctions were fabricated to improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. The optimized 6 wt%Nb2CTx/ZnIn2S4-450 (6NC/ZIS-450) photocatalyt exhibits a remarkable HER rate of 3603 µmol g-1h-1, which is 10 times superior to that of the original ZnIn2S4. Its apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 380 nm reaches 14.9 %. Meanwhile, even after 5 rounds of HER, the activity of 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/Nb2CTx heterojunction remained at 90 %, far superior to that of pure ZnIn2S4 (34 % and 31 %). Energy band structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicate that Nb2CTx adsorbed with OH exhibit a low work function. By serving as a hole cocatalyst, it effectively boosts the photocatalytic HER rate of ZnIn2S4/Nb2CTx heterojunction and inhibits the photocorrosion of ZnIn2S4. This unique insight, via hole transport highways and increased exposure of active facets, effectively enhances the activity and stability of sulfides photocatalysts.

Uncovering ghost introgression through genomic analysis of a distinct eastern Asian hickory species.

Ghost introgression, or the transfer of genetic material from extinct or unsampled lineages to sampled species, has attracted much attention. However, conclusive evidence for ghost introgression, especially in plant species, remains scarce. Here, we newly assembled chromosome-level genomes for both Carya sinensis and Carya cathayensis, and additionally re-sequenced the whole genomes of 43 C. sinensis individuals as well as 11 individuals representing 11 diploid hickory species. These genomic datasets were used to investigate the reticulation and bifurcation patterns within the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with a particular focus on the beaked hickory C. sinensis. By combining the D-statistic and BPP methods, we obtained compelling evidence that supports the occurrence of ghost introgression in C. sinensis from an extinct ancestral hickory lineage. This conclusion was reinforced through the phylogenetic network analysis and a genome scan method VolcanoFinder, the latter of which can detect signatures of adaptive introgression from unknown donors. Our results not only dispel certain misconceptions about the phylogenetic history of C. sinensis but also further refine our understanding of Carya's biogeography via divergence estimates. Moreover, the successful integration of the D-statistic and BPP methods demonstrates their efficacy in facilitating a more precise identification of introgression types.

[Spatiotemporal Simulation of Soil Pb Accumulation Process in Urban-Rural Areas: A Case Study of a Large City in Central China].

The high intensity of diverse human activities in urban-rural areas leads to complex soil Pb accumulation processes and high spatiotemporal heterogeneity, making it difficult to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil Pb accumulation in these areas. This study used a typical urban-rural area in a large city in Central China as the study area, constructed a soil Pb accumulation model, and established a spatiotemporal simulation method for soil Pb accumulation processes combining this model and land use classification and simulation results. Using this method, we simulated the soil Pb content in the study area from 2013 to 2040 and elucidated the future spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil Pb content. The results showed that the average soil Pb content in the study area in 2013 was approximately 1.77 times the background value of the Pb content in the surface soil of the province where the city is located, indicating significant soil Pb pollution. The soil Pb content was predicted to continue increasing from 2013 to 2040, with relatively low increases (0.53-2.25 mg·kg-1) in the western, northern, and southern parts of the study area, accounting for 25.46 % of the total area, and relatively high increases (3.98-5.70 mg·kg-1) in the eastern part, accounting for 17.14 % of the total area. The increase in the area of forest land and the decrease in the area of water bodies and grassland in the eastern part of the study area led to a substantial rise in soil Pb content in this region; in addition, the spatial distribution of soil Pb content was highly correlated with the distribution of important factories and transportation facilities. This study overcomes the limitations of previous research that treated land use as unchanging and to a certain extent reflects the impact of regional land use changes on the heavy metal accumulation process. It provides a method for simulating the soil Pb accumulation process in urban-rural areas and a basis for controlling soil Pb pollution in the city's urban-rural areas.