Sujet(s)
Calcifédiol/effets indésirables , Calcifédiol/usage thérapeutique , Comportement alimentaire , Hypersensibilité alimentaire/traitement médicamenteux , Hypersensibilité alimentaire/étiologie , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Diagnostic précoce , Femelle , Sang foetal/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Sang foetal/immunologie , Sang foetal/métabolisme , Hypersensibilité alimentaire/immunologie , Humains , Nourrisson , Échange foetomaternel/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Échange foetomaternel/immunologie , Grossesse , Lymphocytes T régulateurs/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lymphocytes T régulateurs/immunologie , Lymphocytes T régulateurs/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D levels are known to be associated with atopic disease development; however, existing data are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether corresponding maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels are associated with atopic outcomes in early infancy. METHODS: Within the LINA cohort study (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk), 25(OH)D was measured in blood samples of 378 mother-child pairs during pregnancy and at birth. Information about children's atopic manifestations during the first 2 years of life was obtained from questionnaires filled out by the parents during pregnancy and annually thereafter. Cord blood regulatory T cells (Treg) were detected by methylation-specific PCR using a Treg-specific demethylated region in the FOXP3 gene. RESULTS: The median maternal 25(OH)D(3) level was 22.19 ng/ml (IQR 14.40-31.19 ng/ml); the median cord blood 25(OH)D(3) 10.95 ng/ml (6.99-17.39 ng/ml). A high correlation was seen between maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D(3) levels, both showing a seasonal distribution. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D(3) was positively associated with children's risk for food allergy within the first 2 years. Further, higher maternal 25(OH)D(3) resulted in a higher risk for sensitization against food allergens at the age of two. Cord blood 25(OH)D(3) levels were negatively correlated with regulatory T cell numbers. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that high vitamin D levels in pregnancy and at birth may contribute to a higher risk for food allergy and therefore argues against vitamin D supplement to protect against allergy.
Sujet(s)
Eczéma atopique/étiologie , Compléments alimentaires/effets indésirables , Hypersensibilité/étiologie , Grossesse/sang , Vitamine D/sang , Études de cohortes , Eczéma atopique/épidémiologie , Eczéma atopique/physiopathologie , Femelle , Sang foetal , Allemagne/épidémiologie , Humains , Hypersensibilité/épidémiologie , Immunoglobuline E/immunologie , Immunoglobuline E/métabolisme , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Prévalence , Appréciation des risques , Statistique non paramétrique , Lymphocytes T régulateurs/immunologie , Lymphocytes T régulateurs/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic progenitor cells, especially those committed to the Eo/B lineage, are known to contribute to allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental factors are associated with changes in numbers of circulating Eo/B progenitors at 1 year of age. METHODS: Peripheral blood from 60 1-year-old children enrolled in the LINA (Lifestyle and environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk) birth cohort was assessed for Eo/B progenitor cells (Eo/B CFU) using standardized and validated methylcellulose assays. Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in the presence of IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF, and Eo/B CFUs enumerated. Clinical outcomes and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were documented by standardized questionnaires, and indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were assessed by passive sampling. RESULTS: Children with skin manifestations (atopic dermatitis or cradle cap) within the first year of life had higher numbers of circulating IL-3-, IL-5- or GM-CSF-stimulated Eo/B CFUs (P < 0.05) at 1 year. In children with cradle cap, a positive correlation was found between Eo/B CFUs and exposure to ETS-related VOCs during pregnancy or at 1 year of age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first demonstration that environmental exposures are positively associated with levels of circulating Eo/B progenitors. The recruitment and differentiation of Eo/B progenitors in response to environmental triggers may play a role in the development of skin manifestations during the first year of life.
Sujet(s)
Pollution de l'air intérieur/effets indésirables , Granulocytes basophiles , Eczéma atopique/épidémiologie , Dermite séborrhéique/épidémiologie , Granulocytes éosinophiles , Cellules souches hématopoïétiques , Nicotiana/effets indésirables , Composés organiques volatils/effets indésirables , Adulte , Granulocytes basophiles/immunologie , Études de cohortes , Eczéma atopique/étiologie , Eczéma atopique/immunologie , Dermite séborrhéique/immunologie , Exposition environnementale , Granulocytes éosinophiles/immunologie , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Numération des leucocytes , Grossesse , Fumer/effets indésirables , Enquêtes et questionnairesSujet(s)
Infections bactériennes/physiopathologie , Maladies périapicales/physiopathologie , Tissu périapical/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Produits d'obturation des canaux radiculaires/pharmacologie , Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyenRÉSUMÉ
The paper deals with the problems of the clinico-physiological and socio-psychological bases of rehabilitation of mental patients. The basis of the analysis of these problems is a patient's personality in its relationship with social environment (medical personnel, family, working surrounding. The author puts forward the tasks to be solved by physians and specialists in the field of clinical psychology.