Coagulopathy-independent injectable catechol-functionalized chitosan shape-memory material to treat non-compressible hemorrhage.

Uncontrolled non-compressible hemorrhage, which is often accompanied by coagulopathy, is a major cause of mortality following traumatic injuries in civilian and military populations. In this study, coagulopathy-independent injectable catechol-modified chitosan (CS-HCA) hemostatic materials featuring rapid shape recovery were fabricated by combining controlled sodium tripolyphosphate-crosslinking with hydrocaffeic acid (HCA) grafting. CS-HCA exhibited robust mechanical strength and rapid blood-triggered shape recovery. Furthermore, CS-HCA demonstrated superior blood-clotting ability, enhanced blood cell adhesion and activation, and greater protein adsorption than commercial hemostatic gauze and Celox. CS-HCA showed enhanced procoagulant and hemostatic capacities in a lethal liver-perforation wound model in rabbits, particularly in heparinized rabbits. CS-HCA is suitable for mass manufacturing and shows promise as a clinically translatable hemostat.

Phosphorus Coordination in Second Shell of Single-Atom Cu Catalyst toward Acetate Production in CO Electroreduction.

It is challenging to achieve highly efficient CO-CO coupling toward C2 products in electrochemical CO and CO2 reductions on single-atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, we report a modulation strategy of phosphorus coordination in the second shell of Cu SACs with a Cu-N4 structure (Cu-N4-P4/C4) and demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the CO-CO coupling through an Eley-Rideal mechanism in electrochemical CO reduction (COR). Remarkably, the Cu SACs exhibit a selectivity of 63.9% toward acetate production in alkaline media on a gas diffusion electrode. Operando synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms the robust Cu-N4-P4/C4 structure of the Cu SACs against the harsh electrochemical reduction conditions throughout the electrochemical COR, instead of forming Cu clusters for Cu-N4 configuration, enabling an excellent COR performance toward acetate. This work not only unravels a new mechanism for CO-CO coupling toward C2 products in COR but also offers a novel strategy for SAC regulation toward multicarbon production with high activity, selectivity, and durability.

The effectiveness of interventions on improving body image for pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Body image dissatisfaction, leading to a variety of negative emotions and adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes. Studies on body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women have been reported, yielding mixed results. Existing evidence lacks a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review interventions which aimed at improving body image during pregnancy and postpartum in women of childbearing age, and further to explore their effectiveness. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database, to retrieve relevant studies. Body image was reported employing descriptive analysis, whereas the Cochrane Handbook tool was used to evaluate the quality and potential bias of each included study. RESULTS: Following established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were identified from an initial 1,422 records for further analysis, involving 1290 participants. This systematic review grouped body image interventions into lifestyle interventions and psychological interventions based on their content. These interventions yielded more pronounced positive effects on improving body image in pregnant and postpartum women when compared to control groups. And, the statistical difference on psychological interventions is more significant on the whole. CONCLUSIONS: Our work offers a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of body image interventions for pregnant and postpartum women. Psychological interventions are considered to be a suitable measure to improve body image for pregnant or postpartum women. Additional research and practical applications are recommended to enhance the mental health and well-being of perinatal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registry: CRD42024531531.

Experiences and prospects for national survey of terrestrial wildlife resources in China.

Wildlife resources are strategic resources of a country, and the investigation of which is a key task for effective management in protection and utilization. Since the 1990s, two national surveys of terrestrial wildlife resources have been carried out in China, and the situation of wildlife resources has been known to a certain extent. Due to the complexity and difficulty of national wildlife survey, we are still not able to grasp the background and dynamics of wildlife resources as a whole promptly and effectively. The results and effectiveness of wildlife resources investigation will directly affect the decision-making related in wildlife protection. According to Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife and Regulations of the People's Republic of China for the Implementation of the Protection of Terrestrial Wildlife, it is imperative to carry out the third national survey of terrestrial wildlife resources, and to be integrated with the national strategy of ecological civilization construction. The aims of this review were to summarize the earlier experiences in time, to further improve the investigation scheme and technical methods, to serve the third national survey of terrestrial wildlife resources, in addition to obtain more comprehensive and reliable data of wildlife resources, grasp the development trend of domestic wildlife resources, and provide more effective supports for the wildlife conservation in China.

Aromatic Abietane-Type Diterpenoids from the Roots of Salvia prattii and Their Protective Activity Against alcoholic liver disease.

Eighteen aromatic abietane-type diterpenes, including three previously unreported compounds, Salkanoids A-C (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Salvia prattii. Their stuctures were extensively elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data, and ECD calculation. Among these, compounds 1, 6 and 7 belong to a class of diterpenes featuring a [5, 5]-oxaspirolactones moiety, a rare structure isolated from the Salvia plants. All the isolates were assessed for their protective effects against alcoholic liver disease using ethanol-induced AML-12 cell lines. The findings revealed that compounds 2, 5, 8 and 15 demonstrated potential protective activity.

Microwave Remote Sensing with Hybrid Quantum Receiver.

Detecting a microwave signal that is emitted or reflected by distant targets is a powerful tool in fundamental science and industrial technology. Solid-state spins provide an opportunity to realize quantum-enhanced remote sensing under ambient conditions. However, the weak interaction between the free-space signal and atomic size sensor limits the sensitivity. This hinders the realization of practical quantum remote sensing. Here, we demonstrate active microwave remote sensing with a diamond-based hybrid quantum receiver by combining electromagnetic field localization at nanoscale with quantum spin manipulation. A method of differential spin refocusing (DSR) is developed to overcome the challenge of reducing the impact of inhomogeneities in spin-signal interaction, while the strength of interaction is enhanced by more than 3 orders with nanostructure. It improves the coherent interaction time of quantum receiver by 30-fold, substantially enhancing the sensitivity and stability. By detecting the reflected microwave with picotesla sensitivity, diamond remote sensing monitors the real-time status of a centimeter-sized target at 2 m distance. Our method is general to various solid-state spins. The results will expand the applications of solid-state spin quantum sensors in areas ranging from medical imaging to resource survey.

The complete genome sequence of a Paenibacillus tundrae strain MLY93 isolated from spot disease-infected tobacco leaves in China.

This study presents the complete gene sequence of a Paenibacillus tundrae strain isolated from tobacco spot disease leaves in Xingyi, Guizhou Province, China. The genetic understanding of P. tundrae is advanced by this research.

[High tibial osteotomy on varus knee osteoarthritis with medial meniscus posterior root injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of distal tibial tubercle-high tibial osteotomy (DTT-HTO) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 21 patients with varus KOA with MMPRT from May 2020 to December 2021, including 3 males and 18 females, aged from 49 to 75 years old with an average of (63.81±6.56) years old, the courses of disease ranged from 0.5 to 18.0 years with an average of(5.9±4.2) years, and 4 patients with grade Ⅱ, 14 patients with grade Ⅲ, and 3 patients with grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren-Lawrence;14 patients with type 1 and 7 patients with type 2 according to MMPRT damage classification. The distance of medial meniscusextrusion (MME) and weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR) of lower extremity were compared before and 12 months after operation. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontarioand and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index, and Lysholm knee score were used to evaluate knee pain and functional improvement before operation, 1, 6 and 12 months after operation, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of (13.52±1.72) months. MME distance was improved from (4.99±1.05) mm before operation to (1.87±0.76) mm at 12 months after operation (P<0.05). WBLR was increased from (15.49±7.04)% before operation to (62.71±2.27)% at 12 months after operation (P<0.05). VAS was decreased from (7.00±1.14) before operation to (2.04±0.80), (0.90±0.62) and (0.61±0.50) at 1, 6 and 12 months after operation. WOMAC were decreased from preoperative (147.90±9.88) to postoperative (103.43±8.52), (74.00±9.54) and (47.62±9.53) at 1, 6 and 12 months, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Lysholm scores were increased from (46.04±7.34) before oepration to (63.19±8.93), (81.10±6.41) and (89.29±3.04) at 1, 6 and 12 months after operation(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For the treatment of varus KOA with MMPRT, DTT-HTO could reduce medial meniscus protrusion distance, improve the ratio of lower limb force line, and effectively reduce knee pain and improve knee joint function.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to report the phenomenon of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalitis induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and promote the potential benefits of combining early immunotherapy and anti-M-pneumoniae therapy for these patients. METHODS: Three children with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis due to M. pneumoniae infections who were treated at our hospital from September to November 2023 were included in the study. We investigated and analyzed the background and clinical features of these patients. RESULTS: Three patients developed headaches, seizures, and/or other neurological manifestations, elevated mononuclear cells in cerebrospinal fluid, intracranial lesions on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positive MOG-IgG in serum, within 10-14 days. They were diagnosed with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis due to M. pneumoniae infections, the treatment consisted of intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, and erythromycin, then they were completely recovered. CONCLUSION: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections can cause oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis. The recognition of this condition will promote the potential benefits of combining early immunotherapy and anti-M. pneumoniae therapy for patients with MOG-IgG-associated encephalitis.

The role of dietary modification in the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international multidisciplinary expert consensus.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Optimal dietary intervention strategies for MAFLD are not standardized. This study aimed to achieve consensus on prevention of MAFLD through dietary modification. A multidisciplinary panel of 55 international experts, including specialists in hepatology, gastroenterology, dietetics, endocrinology and other medical specialties from six continents collaborated in a Delphi-based consensus development process. The consensus statements covered aspects ranging from epidemiology to mechanisms, management, and dietary recommendations for MAFLD. The recommended dietary strategies emphasize adherence to a balanced diet with controlled energy intake and personalized nutritional interventions, such as calorie restriction, high-protein, or low-carbohydrate diets. Specific dietary advice encouraged increasing the consumption of whole grains, plant-based proteins, fish, seafood, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, liquid plant oils, and deeply colored fruits and vegetables. Concurrently, it advised reducing the intake of red and processed meats, saturated and trans fats, ultra-processed foods, added sugars, and alcohol. Additionally, maintaining the Mediterranean or DASH diet, minimizing sedentary behavior, and engaging in regular physical activity are recommended. These consensus statements lay the foundation for customized dietary guidelines and proposing avenues for further research on nutrition and MAFLD.

Exploration of the complex origins of primary constipation.

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty in passing stools. It can significantly affect an individual's quality of life and overall well-being. Understanding the causes of constipation is important for its effective management and treatment. In this paper, we have reviewed the primary causes of constipation or functional constipation. Primary constipation is a bowel disorder associated with colonic or anorectal sensorimotor or neuromuscular dysfunction. As per the literature, it is multifactorial and involves factors such as decreased interstitial cells of Cajal, altered colonic motility, enteric nervous system dysfunction, intestinal flora disturbances, and psychological influences. Clinical symptoms include difficulty in defecation, decreased frequency of defecation, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. A comprehensive evaluation and management of constipation require an interdisciplinary approach incorporating dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and psychological interventions. Further research is imperative to explain the intricate mechanisms underlying constipation and develop targeted therapies for improved patient outcomes.

Simultaneous determination of three tyrosine kinase inhibitors and three triazoles in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: applications to therapeutic drug monitoring and drug-drug interaction studies.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and triazole antifungals are the first-line drugs for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and fungal infections, respectively, but both suffer from large exposure differences and narrow therapeutic windows. Moreover, these two types of drugs are commonly used together in CML patients with fungal infections. Multiple studies and guidelines have suggested the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TKIs and triazoles. Currently, methods for the simultaneous determination of both types of drugs are limited. We developed a simple, rapid, and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of three commonly used TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib) and three commonly used triazoles (voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole) in human plasma. The analytes were eluted on a Welch XB-C18 analytical column (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) at 0.7 mL/min, using a gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium formate (A) and methanol-acetonitrile-isopropanol (80:10:10, v/v/v) containing 0.2 % formic acid (B) with a total analysis time of 3.5 min. The calibration curves were linear over the range from 20 to 4000 ng/mL for imatinib and nilotinib, from 2 to 400 ng/mL for dasatinib, and from 50 to 10,000 ng/mL for voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. Selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability all met the validation requirements. The method was successfully used for TDM in CML patients who co-treated with both TKIs and triazoles. Drug-drug interaction analysis between TKIs and triazoles showed that a significant positive correlation was observed between imatinib and voriconazole, as well as dasatinib and voriconazole. Therefore, this method can be well applied in clinical TDM for patients receiving TKIs, triazoles, or both simultaneously.

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of polymixin B1, B2, ile-B1, E1, and E2 in human plasma and its clinical pharmacokinetic application.

Polymyxin B (PB) and Polymyxin E (PE, also called colistin) are used as the last treatment resort for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of polymyxins limit their clinical use, and guidelines recommend therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize efficacy and reduce toxicity. However, there are limited analytical methods available for the determination of PB and PE. This study aimed to develop a simple and robust liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method for determining the main compounds of PB and PE, namely PB1, PB2, ile-PB1, PE1, and PE2, in human plasma and to investigate of their pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with the use of PB and PE, respectively. Plasma PB1, PB2, ile-PB1, PE1, and PE2 were chromatographically separated on a Welch LP-C18 column and detected using electrospray ionization mode coupled with multiple reaction monitoring. The calibration curve showed acceptable linearity over 20-10,000 ng/mL for PB1, PE1, and PE2 and 10-5000 ng/mL for PB2 and ile-PB1 in the plasma, respectively. After validation following approved guidelines, this method was successfully applied for PB and PE pharmacokinetic analysis and TDM in critically ill patients. Additionally, the composition of PB1, PB2, ile-PB1, PE1, and PE2 remains unchanged from 0 to 12 h after entering the patient's body.

Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of a migratory insect pest to global warming.

In the face of rising global temperatures, the mechanisms behind an organism's ability to acclimate to heat stress remain enigmatic. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, traditionally viewed as temperature-sensitive, paradoxically exhibits robust larval acclimation to heat stress. This study used the heat-acclimated strain HA39, developed through multigenerational exposure to 39°C during the larval stage, and the unacclimated strain HA27 reared at 27°C to unravel the transgenerational effects of heat acclimation and its regulatory mechanisms. Heat acclimation for larvae incurred a fitness cost in pupae when exposed to high temperature, yet a significant transgenerational effect surfaced, revealing heightened fitness benefit in pupae from HA39, even without additional heat exposure during larval recovery at 27°C. This transgenerational effect exhibited a short-term memory, diminishing after two recovery generations. Moreover, the effect correlated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and expression levels of oxidoreductase genes, representing physiological and molecular foundations of heat acclimation. Heat-acclimated larvae displayed elevated DNA methylation levels, while pupae from HA39, in recovery generations, exhibited decreased methylation indicated by the upregulation of a demethylase gene and downregulation of two methyltransferase genes at high temperatures. In summary, heat acclimation induces DNA methylation, orchestrating heat-stress memory and influencing the expression levels of oxidoreductase genes and SOD activity. Heat-stress memory enhances the acclimation of the migratory insect pest to global warming.

Genomic biology and therapeutic strategies of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.

The liver is a frequent site of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the overall survival rate for patients afflicted with gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) remains dismally low. Precision oncology has made significant progress in identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of metastasis mechanisms through genome sequencing and molecular characterization. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the various molecular processes involved in GCLM and the fundamental principles of systemic therapy to develop new treatment approaches. This paper aims to review recent findings on the diagnosis, potential biomarkers, and therapies targeting the multiple molecular processes of GCLM, with the goal of improving treatment strategies for patients with GCLM.

[Arthroscopic surgery for injuries to the popliteal tendon area of the lateral meniscus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mid-term effect and complications of arthroscopic popliteal tendon suture in the treatment of lateral meniscus injury. METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2020, the data of 57 patients with lateral meniscus popliteal tendon injury treated by arthroscopic popliteal tendon suture fixation were retrospectively analyzed, including 35 males and 22 females, aged from 18 to 47 years old with an average of (32.9±7.9) years old. Knee function was evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores both before the operation and at the final follow-up. Meniscus healing was evaluated according to the postoperative Barrett standard. Wound healing complications, such as vascular injury, nerve injury, and lower extremity venous thrombosis, were recorded. RESULTS: All 57 patients were followed up for 12 to 58 months with an average of (38.1±14.9) months.The incisions of the patients after the operation were all Grade A healing without infection, popliteal tendon injury, blood vessel injury, nerve injury and lower extremity venous thrombosis.The IKDC score increased from (49.7±3.6) points preoperatively to (88.5±4.4) points in the final follow-up (P<0.05). The Lysholm score increased from (48.8±4.9) points preoperatively to (91.9±3.9) points at the final follow-up (P<0.05). At 3, 6 months and 1 year after operation, according to Barrett's criteria, 54 cases were clinically healed, the healing rate was 94.7% (54/57). CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily confirmed that arthroscopic suture technique can result in clinical stability through suture and fixation of the meniscus in the injured lateral popliteal tendon area. No adverse effects on knee joint function were found in the mid-term follow-up after the operation.

Anti-inflammatory Lindenane Sesquiterpene Dimers from the Roots of Chloranthus fortunei.

In this study, eight lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimers, including five previously undescribed sesquiterpene dimers (1-5), were isolated from the roots of Chloranthus fortunei, and their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 presents the second example of a type of novel 8,9-seco lindenane-type sesquiterpene dimer, considered a product of 8/9-diketone oxidation. Compounds 2 and 3 represent the third and fourth examples, respectively, of this kind of C-11 methine dimer. Furthermore, compound 4 was considered as an artifact generated from the radical reaction of a known compound chlojaponilide F (6), which was explained by the density functional theory quantum calculation. All isolates were evaluated for their protective activity against the LPS-induced pulmonary epithelial cell line with compound 7 exhibiting the most potent bioactivity. Further in vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that 7 reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and interleukin-1ß, further regulated by the expression of the NLRP3. These results show that compound 7 exhibits therapeutic potential for lung inflammatory diseases.

Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a lytic bacteriophage, PQ43W, with the potential of controlling bacterial wilt.

Bacterial wilt (BW) is a devastating plant disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc). Numerous efforts have been exerted to control BW, but effective, economical, and environmentally friendly approaches are still not available. Bacteriophages are a promising resource for the control of bacterial diseases, including BW. So, in this study, a crop BW pathogen of lytic bacteriophage was isolated and named PQ43W. Biological characterization revealed PQ43W had a short latent period of 15 min, 74 PFU/cell of brust sizes, and good stability at a wide range temperatures and pH but a weak resistance against UV radiation. Sequencing revealed phage PQ43W contained a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 47,156 bp with 65 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) and genome annotation showed good environmental security for the PQ43W that no tRNA, antibiotic resistance, or virulence genes contained. Taxonomic classification showed PQ43W belongs to a novel genus of subfamily Kantovirinae under Caudoviricetes. Subsequently, a dose of PQ43W for phage therapy in controlling crop BW was determined: 108 PFU*20 mL per plant with non-invasive irrigation root application twice by pot experiment. Finally, a field experiment of PQ43W showed a significantly better control effect in crop BW than the conventional bactericide Zhongshengmycin. Therefore, bacteriophage PQ43W is an effective bio-control resource for controlling BW diseases, especially for crop cultivation.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) significantly impacts the treatment and prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). Consequently, the precise prediction of LNM risk in EGC patients is essential to guide the selection of appropriate surgical approaches in clinical settings. AIM: To develop a novel nomogram risk model for predicting LNM in EGC patients, utilizing preoperative clinicopathological data. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the correlation between clinicopathological factors and LNM in EGC patients. Additionally, univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the influence of clinical factors on EGC prognosis. A predictive model in the form of a nomogram was developed, and its discrimination ability and calibration were also assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of LNM in the study cohort was 19.6%. Multivariate logistic regression identified tumor size, location, degree of differentiation, and pathological type as independent risk factors for LNM in EGC patients. Both tumor pathological type and LNM independently affected the prognosis of EGC. The model's performance was reflected by an area under the curve of 0.750 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.701-0.789] for the training group and 0.763 (95%CI: 0.687-0.838) for the validation group. CONCLUSION: A clinical prediction model was constructed (using tumor size, low differentiation, location in the middle-lower region, and signet ring cell carcinoma), with its score being a significant prognosis indicator.