Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on presbycusis in the rat model via autophagy pathway / 中成药

AIM To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on hearing function,cochlear morphology and autophagy-related protein expression in a rat model of presbycusis.METHODS Forty-five rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group and the low,medium and high dose G.biloba extract groups(10,20 and 30 mg/kg),with 9 rats in each group.The rat model of presbycusis was established by intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg D-galactose(D-gal).Eight weeks after the corresponding administration,the rats had their changes of hearing threshold detected by the auditory brainstem evoked potential(ABR);their morphological changes of cochlear hair cells,stria vascularis(SV)and spiral ganglion cells observed by HE staining;their number of hair cells inside and outside the cochlea detected by immunofluorescence staining;their ultrastructure changes of cochlear hair cells observed by transmission electron microscopy;and their expression of autophagy-related proteins in cochlea tissue detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group displayed increased ABR threshold(P<0.01);more severely damaged inner and outer hair cells,spiral ganglion cells and SV,decreased SV thickness and numbers of spiral ganglion cells,inner and outer hair cells and autophagosomes(P<0.01);decreased protein expressions of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ and ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ in cochlear tissue(P<0.01),and higher P62 protein expression(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the medium and high dose G.biloba extract groups shared decreased ABR thresholds(P<0.01);improved morphology of inner and outer hair cells and SV in the cochlea,normalized,morphology of spiral ganglion cells,and increased SV thickness and the numbers of spiral ganglion cells,inner and outer hair cells and autophagosomes(P<0.05,P<0.01);increased protein expressions of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ and the ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ in the cochlea(P<0.01),and decreased P62 protein expression(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The protective effects G.biloba extract on hearing function and cochlear cells in the rat model of presbycusis may be associated with the up-regulated expression of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ proteins and down-regulated P62 protein expression in cochlear tissues.

Ligustilide delays senescence of auditory cortex in mice by inhibiting ferritinophagy / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ligu aged 2 months of the same strain were used as the constilide (LIG) in delaying the senescence of auditory trol (Ctrl) group. Auditory brainstem response test was cortex and treating central presbycusis. Methods used to detect the auditory threshold of mice before and Forty C57BL/6J mice aged 13 months were randomly di after treatment. Levels of serum MDA and activity of vided into ligustilide low-dose(L-LIG) group, ligustil serum SOD were detected to display the level of oxidative ide medium-dose (M-LIG) group, ligustilide high-dose stress. The pathological changes of auditory cortex were (H-LIG) group and aging (Age) group, and 10 mice observed by HE staining. Ferroptosis was observed by

Protective effect of salvianolic acid B on retina and its influence on angiogenesis in retinal vein occlusion injured rat model / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B on retina and its influence on angiogenesis in retinal vein occlusion(RVO)injured rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and salvianolic acid B group, with 10 rats in each group. In addition to the control group, rats in model group and salvianolic acid B group were induced RVO by Bengal red combined with laser photodynamic method. The rats in salvianolic acid B group were intraperitoneally injected with salvianolic acid B 50 mg/(kg·d), while the rats in control group and model group were only given the same amount of normal saline for 21 consecutive days. Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)was used to observe the retinal vein structure before and after administration. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rat retina. The retinal function of rats was evaluated by electroretinogram(ERG). The fluorescence expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)in retina of rats in each group was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The relative expression of HIF-1α, STAT3, p-STAT3 and VEGFA proteins in retinal tissue were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the blood flow at the retinal obstruction in the model group was recanalized, and the effective collateral circulation was abundant, but the shape was irregular, and there was fluorescence leakage. In salvianolic acid B group, the retinal vein circulation recovered, the shape became regular gradually, and the collateral vessels decreased. The retina of the model group and salvianolic acid B group showed different degrees of pathological damage. At the same time, the amplitude of ERG a wave and b wave, the thickness of retinal total layer(RTL), inner nuclear layer(INL)and outer nuclear layer(ONL)decreased, the fluorescence intensity of VEGFA enhanced, and the relative expression of HIF-1α, p-STAT3 and VEGFA protein increased(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Compared with the model group, the retinal histopathological damage of salvianolic acid B rats was alleviated, the amplitude of ERG a-wave and b-wave, the thickness of RTL, INL and ONL were increased, the fluorescence intensity of VEGFA was weakened, and the relative expression of HIF-1α, p-STAT3 and VEGFA proteins was decreased(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Salvianolic acid B can alleviate the retinal histopathological injury and improve retinal function in RVO rats, which may be related to inhibiting the activation of HIF-1α/STAT3/VEGFA pathway and reducing angiogenesis.

Ginsenoside Rg1 injection combined with inosine tablets and vitamin B1 for the treatment of primary retinitis pigmentosa / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 injection combined with inosine tablets and vitamin B1 on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)and clinical efficacy in primary retinitis pigmentosa.METHODS: A total of 50 patients(100 eyes)with primary retinitis pigmentosa who admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2019 to March 2022 were selected as the research object. They were divided into the study group and the control group according to random number table, with 50 eyes in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with inosine tablets and vitamin B1, while patients in the study group were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 injection on the basis of the control group. The expression of BDNF and PACAP in serum, electroretinogram and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)were compared before and after treatment, and the retinal thickness(RT), mean deviation(MD), clinical efficacy and safety indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: There were no differences in the MD of the two groups before treatment(t=1.670, P=0.098), while the MD of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment(t=3.628, P&#x003C;0.01). Before treatment, RT with a diameter of 1mm at the circle of macular fovea was compared between the two groups(t=0.108, P=0.914), it was significantly higher than that in the control group after treatment(t=6.125, P&#x003C;0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of dark adaptation of electroretinogram between the two groups(all P&#x003E;0.05). After treatment, the results of dark adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.01). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the results of electroretinogram adaptation between the two groups(all P&#x003E;0.05). After treatment, the results of electroretinogram adaptation in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.01). There was no significant difference in BDNF and PACAP between the two groups before treatment(all P&#x003E;0.05). BDNF and PACAP in the study group were higher than those of the control group after treatment(all P&#x003C;0.01). After treatment, no adverse reactions were observed in both groups.CONCLUSION: The treatment of patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa with ginsenoside will improve the retinal function and promote the prognosis of the disease by regulating the expression of BDNF and PACAP, and it is highly safe.

Efficacy of Danshen injection iontophoresis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the efficacy of Danshen injection iontophoresis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS: The clinical data of 90 patients(90 eyes)with RVO treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to treatment methods. A total of 38 patients(38 eyes)in the control group were treated with intravenous Xueshuantong+oral compound Xueshuantong capsule+enteric-coated aspirin, and 52 patients(52 eyes)in the observation group were treated with Danshen injection iontophoresis on this basis. The treatment time of the two groups was 3mo. The clinical efficacy, best corrected visual acuity, retinal condition and hemorheological indexes(whole blood low shear viscosity, fibrinogen)were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(87% vs 58%,P&#x003C;0.05)at 3mo after treatment. The best corrected visual acuity in both groups was better than that before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05).The circulation time of retinal vein, the relative diameter of retinal vein and the relative area of retinal hemorrhage in the observation group were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group was lower than the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05). The whole blood low shear viscosity and fibrinogen levels in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than those in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Danshen injection iontophoresis is effective in the treatment of patients with RVO, which can effectively improve the visual acuity, treat fundus lesions and improve the abnormal blood flow.

Adjuvant treatment of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel for persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy and action mechanism of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel for persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome.@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group (@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the TCM symptom scores, VAS scores, RQLQ scores, serum levels of IgE and complete blood count of EOS in the two groups were all reduced after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the momethasone furoate nasal spray, the adjuvant treatment of penetrating moxibustion at governor vessel could significantly improve the clinical symptoms in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis of deficiency-cold syndrome, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of immune disorder.

Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential in patients with presbycusis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the association between hearing loss and dysfunction of the vestibular end-organ in older individuals. To evaluate the common risk factors for hearing loss and otolith dysfunction. Meth-ods A total of 120 elderly patients without any vestibular symptoms were recruited in this study. They were divid-ed into two groups:a study group(patients with presbycusis)and a control group(patients without presbycusis). Audiological status was measured with pure tone audiometry and the saccular function was tested with cervical ves-tibular evoked myogenic potential(cVEMP). The results of cVEMP were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results Comparing to the control group,mean P1 and N1 latencies were significantly prolonged(t =4.67,4.59,P < 0.05)and the amplitudes were signi cantly reduced(t = 6.72,P < 0.05)in the study group. A sig-nificant correlation between hearing loss at high frequencies and reduced cVEMP amplitudes(r = -0.41,P < 0.05) were observed in the study group. Noise exposure was significantly associated with cVEMP amplitude(β = -0.52, P < 0.05). Conclusions Presbycusis may be accompanied by the hypofunction of saccular function without any vestibular symptoms,and the high frequency hearing threshold is closely related to the saccular function. Noise ex-posure appears to be related to both cochlear and saccular dysfunction.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common clinical disorder characterized by brief recurrent spells of vertigo often brought about by certain head position changes as may occur with looking up, turning over in bed, or straightening up after bending over. It is important to understand BPPV not only because it may avert expensive and often unnecessary testing, but also because treatment is rapid, easy, and effective in >90% of cases. The diagnosis of BPPV can be made based on the history and examination. Patients usually report episodes of spinning evoked by certain movements, such as lying back or getting out of bed, turning in bed, looking up, or straightening after bending over. At present, the generally accepted recurrence rate of BPPV after successful treatment is 40%-50% at 5 years of average follow-up. There does appear to be a subset of individuals prone to multiple recurrences.