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In this study, the copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) bimetallic electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR) are fabricated by taking the finely designed poly(ionic liquids) (PIL) containing abundant Salen and imidazolium chelating sites as the surficial layer, wherein Cu-Ni, PIL-Cu and PIL-Ni interaction can be readily regulated by different synthetic scheme. As a proof of concept, Cu@Salen-PIL@Ni(NO3)2 and Cu@Salen-PIL(Ni) hybrids differ significantly in the types and distribution of Ni species and Cu species at the surface, thereby delivering distinct Cu-Ni cooperation fashion for the CO2RR. Remarkably, Cu@Salen-PIL@Ni(NO3)2 provides a C2+ faradaic efficiency (FEC2+) of 80.9% with partial current density (jC 2+) of 262.9 mA cm-2 at -0.80 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) in 1 m KOH in a flow cell, while Cu@Salen-PIL(Ni) delivers the optimal FEC2+ of 63.8% at jC2+ of 146.7 mA cm-2 at -0.78 V. Mechanistic studies indicates that the presence of Cu-Ni interfaces in Cu@Salen-PIL@Ni(NO3)2 accounts for the preserve of high-valence Cu(I) species under CO2RR conditions. It results in a high activity of both CO2-to-CO conversion and C-C coupling while inhibition of the competitive HER.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion and nanosilica (nano-Si) infiltration treatment on the surface characteristics of dental zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 unsintered zirconia ceramic green bodies (10 × 10 × 3 mm) were divided into three groups (n = 5): Group C, no treatment after sintering; Group S, airborne-particle abrasion with 50-µm aluminum oxide particles after sintering; and Group N, infiltration of nano-Si followed by sintering and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. The zirconia disks' surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface morphology of the specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was analyzed by energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX). Data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). RESULTS: Zirconia surface treatments by infiltration of nano-Si, sintering, and HF etching showed multiple changes in the surface features. The surface roughness of Groups C, S, and N were 0.88 ± 0.07 µm, 1.26 ± 0.10 µm, and 1.69 ± 0.15 µm, respectively. The surface roughness of Group N was significantly higher than that of Groups C and S (P < .05). EDX analysis showed peaks that corresponded to silica (Si) after infiltration with colloidal Si that disappeared following acid etching. CONCLUSIONS: Infiltrating nano-Si increases the surface roughness of zirconia. The formation of retentive nanopores on the surface potentially improves the zirconia-resin cement bonding strengths.
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Collage dentaire , Humains , Propriétés de surface , Céramiques/composition chimique , Zirconium/composition chimique , Céments résine/composition chimique , Oxyde d'aluminium/composition chimique , Test de matériaux , Microscopie électronique à balayage , MordançageRÉSUMÉ
Autophagy is a process that serves to degrade damaged proteins and organelles, thereby promoting cell homeostasis, differentiation, development and survival. Many miRNAs have been found to have regulatory roles in autophagy. In insects, it has been shown that autophagy is involved in hormone-regulated programmed cell death during metamorphic midgut remodelling. However, whether this is also true during the remodelling of the honey bee midgut is unclear. In the present study, we explored the relationship between autophagy and midgut remodelling and sought to identify miRNAs involved in this physiological process. We found that autophagy occurred during midgut remodelling and that the inhibition of autophagy resulted in midgut dysplasia in prepupae. Differentially expressed miRNAs enriched in the autophagy signalling pathway during midgut remodelling were identified by small RNA-seq. Ame-miR-980-3p, which targets the autophagy-related gene Atg2B, was screened out. Furthermore, abnormal expression of ame-miR-980-3p in the pupal stage led to the thinning of the midgut wall of newly emerged bees (NE). When ame-miR-980-3p expression was inhibited, the intestinal villi of NE bees became significantly shorter and sparse, and the lipid signal in the peritrophic matrix of Pb almost disappeared, indicating that the adult midgut was underdeveloped and the lipid absorption ability was weakened. Taken together, ame-miR-980-3p targeted Atg2B to participate in the regulation of midgut autophagy in the pupae, and the abnormal expression of ame-miR-980-3p would interfere with cell proliferation and death in the process of midgut remodelling, hinder the formation of adult midgut and eventually lead to adult midgut dysplasia and affect the lipid absorption function of the midgut in Apis mellifera.
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microARN , Abeilles/génétique , Animaux , microARN/génétique , Système digestif/métabolisme , Autophagie/génétique , LipidesRÉSUMÉ
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with high efficiency is one of the most promising approaches for CO2 conversion due to its considerable economic feasibility and broad application prospects. In this study, three Ag@COF-R (R = -H, -OCH3, -OH) hybrids were facilely fabricated by impregnating silver acetate (AgOAc) into respective covalent organic frameworks (COFs) prepared in advance. They differ significantly in the crystallinity, porosity, distribution, size, and electronic configuration of AgOAc species, which thereby influences both the activity and the selectivity of electrolytic CO2-to-CO transformation. Impressively, Ag@COF-OCH3 provided a high FECO of 93.0% with a high jCO of 213.9 mA cm-2 at -0.87 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) in 1 M KOH using a flow cell. In addition, it exhibited long-term durability at 100 mA cm-2 for 30 h.
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Glyphosate is an herbicide commonly used in agriculture, and its widespread use has adversely affected the survival of nontarget organisms. Among these organisms, bees in particular are important pollinators, and declining bee populations have severely affected crop yields around the world. However, the molecular mechanism by which glyphosate harms bees remains unclear. In our experiment, we screened and cloned a glyphosate-induced gene in Apis cerana cerana (A. c. cerana) and named glyphosate response factor 1 (AccGRF1). Sequence analysis showed that AccGRF1 contains a winged-helix DNA binding domain, which suggests that it belongs to the Forkhead box (Fox) protein family. qRT-PCR and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and yeast showed that AccGRF1 can respond to glyphosate and oxidative stress. After AccGRF1 knockdown by means of RNA interference (RNAi), the resistance of A. c. cerana to glyphosate stress improved. The results suggested that AccGRF1 is involved in A. c. cerana glyphosate stress tolerance. This study reveals the functions of Fox transcription factors in response to glyphosate stress and provides molecular insights into the regulation of glyphosate responses in honeybees.
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Glycine , Stress oxydatif , Abeilles/génétique , Animaux , Stress oxydatif/génétique , Interférence par ARN , Glycine/toxicité , Protéines d'insecte/métabolisme ,RÉSUMÉ
Lipophagy plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in mammals. The exact function of autophagy-related protein 2 (Atg2) has been investigated in mammals, but research on the existence and functions of Atg2 in Apis mellifera (AmAtg2) is still limited. Here, autophagy occurred in honeybee pupae, which targeted lipid droplets (LDs) in fat body, namely lipophagy, which was verified by co-localization of LDs with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 beta (LC3). Moreover, AmAtg2 homolog B (AmAtg2B) was expressed specifically in pupal fat body, which indicated that AmAtg2B might have special function in fat body. Further, AmAtg2B antibody neutralization and AmAtg2B knock-down were undertaken to verify the functions in pupae. Results showed that low expression of AmAtg2B at the protein and transcriptional levels led to lipophagy inhibition, which down-regulated the expression levels of proteins and genes related to lipolysis. Altogether, results in this study systematically revealed that AmAtg2B interfered with lipophagy and then caused abnormal lipolysis in the pupal stage.
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Métabolisme lipidique , Lipolyse , Abeilles/génétique , Animaux , Lipolyse/génétique , Pupe/génétique , Métabolisme lipidique/génétique , Autophagie/génétique , Gouttelettes lipidiques/métabolisme , MammifèresRÉSUMÉ
(1) Background: Asians tend to have a regressive midface. Midface augmentation is an effective treatment, and various materials have been used as fillers for this purpose. Bio-Oss bone powder has a strong positive effect on promoting new bone regeneration, and has been used in the dental field for over 30 years. However, it has not been used and reported as a filler in midface augmentation. (2) Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of midface augmentation using Bio-Oss bone powder in treating midface retrusion and resulting nasolabial folds, and to develop a predictive model for patient satisfaction. (3) Methods: 85 patients underwent midface augmentation through an intraoral approach with Bio-Oss. Treatment efficacy was assessed by blinded investigators. The data on safety were collected from patient interviews at each follow-up visit. A questionnaire was used for investigating patient satisfaction. The influencing factors of satisfaction were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. A nomogram to predict the risk of dissatisfaction was built based on significant factors with R software. Results: Compared to baseline, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in Wrinkle Severity (4) Rating Scale scores at week 24, with a mean decrease of 0.52 ± 0.57. The aesthetic improvement rate evaluated by the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was 92.9%. Four mild treatment-related adverse events were noted. The majority of patients were satisfied overall. A nomogram with good prediction performance was plotted. (5) Conclusions: This new procedure yielded safe and satisfactory aesthetic results. A nomogram with good test performance and discriminative ability was established for predicting patient satisfaction.
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In vitro rearing of honey bee larvae is ideal for bioassay studies; no honey bee stable cell lines are available. Inconsistency of internal development staging of reared larvae and a susceptibility to contamination are common problems encountered. Standardized protocols on rearing larvae in vitro to make the larvae growth and development more similar to that of natural colonies are necessary to ensure the accuracy of experimental results and promote honey bee research as a model organism. Here, we concluded that when larval fasting weight was >160 mg, the time point of gut emptying can be defined as the critical point separating the larval and prepupal stages. In this way, we can conduct precise studies on the prepupal stage, such as organ remodeling during metamorphosis. Simultaneously, we further verified that recombinant AccApidaecin in genetic engineered bacteria added to the larval diet upregulated antibacterial peptide gene expression, and did not stimulate the stress response in larvae, nor did it affect the pupation rate or eclosion rate. This demonstrated that feeding recombinant AccApidaecin can enhance the individual antibacterial ability at the molecular level.
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Bactéries , Régime alimentaire , Abeilles , Animaux , Larve , PupeRÉSUMÉ
The Ru(dppbsa)-catalyzed reductive amination of ketones with nitroarenes and nitriles using H2 as the environmentally benign hydrogen surrogate is developed in this study. Cross-experiments demonstrated that both reactions are initiated by the reduction of nitroarenes or nitriles to the corresponding amines, followed by condensation with ketones to give imines and thereafter hydrogenation. However, the route to the formation of an amino-ligated Ru complex during the reduction of nitroarenes or nitriles, followed by in situ nucleophilic C-N coupling, cannot be completely excluded. This newly developed versatile method features good functional group tolerance, which provides a novel design platform for homogeneous catalysts in constructing motifs of secondary amines.
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The Pd(cod)Cl2-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of conjugated dienes to ß,γ-unsaturated esters was approached by both intramolecular phosphinesulfonate L1 and intermolecular PPh3/PTSA in this study. However, the poor solubility of the Pd/L1 complex and the labile monodentate Pd/PPh3 structure restricts the system efficiency, especially for the scale-up application. By contrast, the stable and well-soluble bidentate Xantphos system allows for the quantitative formation of 3-pentenoate (96%) on a gram scale within 6 h in weakly alkaline N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), which also functions as a basic site to promote the rate-limiting alcoholysis step while reducing the dosage of ligand to a theoretical value.
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In this study, a tungstated zirconia (WOx/ZrO2) catalyst was developed for the continuous synthesis of adiponitrile (ADN) by gas-phase nitrilation of dimethyl adipate (DMA) with NH3. The highest TOFADN could be reached on WOx/ZrO2 bearing â¼1D WOx species (highly dispersed and discontinuous status) at the surface, which, however, delivered the poorest selectivity toward nitrilation (SADN+MCP). In comparison, both efficient and selective transformation of DMA to ADN was achieved by fabricating WOx/ZrO2 with continuously distributed oligomeric WOx species (â¼2D) at the surface, either by varying the dosage of the W-reagent in the preparation of WOx(m)/ZrO2 or by doping a proper amount of the Mn element into WOx(5.0)/ZrO2, bearing WO3 NPs. Furthermore, the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy investigations of both independent and competitive adsorptions of ester functionality and NH3 over W-O-Zr, W-O-W, and Zr-O-Zr boundaries at the surface clarified the synergistic effect of these species in the activation of DMA/NH3 and thereby nitrilation.
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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to investigate possible connections between the oral microbiome and the onset and carcinogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). METHODS: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, and SCOPUS by two authors independently, addressing the focused question- "Has oral microbiome dysbiosis been involved in the onset and carcinogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasia?" We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the quality of studies included in the review. RESULTS: Out of 580 references screened, ten studies were found eligible for inclusion. All studies were case-control studies, and only qualitative analysis was conducted due to heterogeneous characteristics. The overall risk of bias in the eligible studies was considered as high. Microbiome diversity indices showed inconsistent evidence among studies. A significant increase of phylum Bacteroidetes in OED patients was reported in five studies. Five studies reported an increase of genus Fusobacterium in both the OED and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and six different studies respectively reported a reduction of genus Streptococcus in both the OED and OSCC groups when compared to normal controls. Other predominant bacteria that were specific to different patient groups varied in each study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the included studies showed that the composition of the oral microbiome in patients with OED compared to healthy controls and OSCC patients was inconsistent. However, all ten studies showed non-negligible heterogeneity in the type and size of the sample, and the comparability between groups, which strongly limited the external validity of results. Further studies are strongly recommended.
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Carcinome épidermoïde , Tumeurs de la tête et du cou , Tumeurs de la bouche , États précancéreux , Humains , Carcinome épidermoïde/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs de la bouche/anatomopathologie , États précancéreux/métabolisme , Dysbiose/complications , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/métabolisme , Carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou , CarcinogenèseRÉSUMÉ
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to formate is a promising route for highly efficient conversion and utilization of CO2 gas, due to the low production cost and the ease of storage of formate. In this work, porous poly(ionic liquid) (PPIL)-based tin-silver (Sn-Ag) bimetallic hybrids (PPILm -Snx Ag10- x ) are prepared for high-performance formate electrolytic generation. Under optimal conditions, an excellent formate Faradaic efficiency of 95.5% with a high partial current density of 214.9 mA cm-2 is obtained at -1.03 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). Meanwhile, the high selectivity of formate (>≈83%) is maintained in a wide potential range (>630 mV). Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the presence of Ag-species is vital for the formation, maintenance, and high dispersion of tetravalent Sn(IV)-species, which accounts for the active sites for CO2 -to-formate conversion. Further, the introduction of Ag-species significantly enhances the activity by increasing the electron density near the Fermi energy level.
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Subsequently to the publication of this paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, in Fig. 3 on p. 4973, the data panels shown for the "Osteogenesis" row of data for the GMSC and BMSC experiments appeared to be overlapping, such the data may have been derived from the same original source. After having examined their original data, the authors have realized that the data panel selected for the GMSC "Osteogenesis" experiment was inadvertently chosen incorrectly. The corrected version of Fig. 3 is shown below. Note that this error did not significantly affect the results or the conclusions reported in this paper, and all the authors agree to this Corrigendum. The authors are grateful to the editor of Molecular Medicine Reports for allowing them the opportunity to publish this corrigendum, and apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused.[Molecular Medicine Reports 18: 49694977, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9501].
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The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway plays an important role in regulating stress responses. The function of the c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK), a component of the MAPK cascade pathway, in Apis cerana cerana (Acc) remains unclear. Here, JNK was isolated and identified from Acc. Bioinformatics analyses revealed there is a typical serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain in the AccJNK protein. An expression profile analysis showed that AccJNK was significantly induced by pesticide treatments. To further explore the functional mechanisms of AccJNK, a yeast 2-hybrid screen was performed, activator protein-1 (AP-1) was screened as the interaction partner of AccJNK, and the interaction relationship was further verified by pull-down assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed the expression pattern of AccAP-1 was similar to that of AccJNK. After a knockdown of AccJNK or AccAP-1 by RNA interference, the survival rate of Acc after pesticide treatments increased. Additionally, the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased, suggesting that the knockdown of AccJNK or AccAP-1 increased the antioxidant capacity of bees. Our study revealed that the JNK-mediated MAPK pathway responds to pesticide stress by altering the antioxidant capacity of Acc.
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Antioxydants , Pesticides , Abeilles , Animaux , Antioxydants/métabolisme , Facteur de transcription AP-1 , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Protéines d'insecte/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
Efficient palladium-catalyzed vinylic C-H alkenylation and allenylation of gem-disubstituted ethylenes with N-tosylhydrazones of aryl alkyl and diaryl ketones were achieved to access trisubstituted 1,3-dienes and tetrasubstituted allenes, respectively. An aryl to vinyl 1,4-palladium migration/carbene insertion/ß-hydride elimination sequence proceeded to switch the chemo- and regioselectivities to give structurally diverse products. Use of 2-FC6H4OH additive enables enhancement of the reaction efficiency through accelerating the key 1,4-palladium migration process.
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Rhodium(III)-catalyzed triple C-H bond activation of aryl enaminones was achieved to access naphtho[1,8-bc]pyrans by oxidative annulation to internal alkynes. 1-Naphthols might be formed as the only products, depending on the steric and/or electronic environment around the aroyl moiety of the aryl enaminones or the electronic impact from the alkynes. With propargyl alcohols as the masked terminal alkynes, aryl enaminones underwent rhodium(III)- or rhodium(I)-catalyzed internal alkenyl C-H bond activation to afford functionalized but-2-ene-1,4-diones. The resultant naphtho[1,8-bc]pyrans are highly fluorescent and can be further transformed by chlorination, bromination, and difluoromethylation, demonstrating potential practicability of the synthetic protocol.