2-Ethylhexyl Diphenyl Phosphate Induces Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Behaviors in Offspring Mice by Disrupting Postsynaptic Development.

As organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are constantly detected in human samples, the neurotoxicity of OPFRs is of concern. In this study, pregnant ICR mice were exposed to 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) in drinking water from gestation to lactation to investigate its effects on autism spectrum disorder-like (ASD-like) behaviors in offspring. Serum EHDPP concentrations in dams in the 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg groups were 0.282 ± 0.051, 0.713 ± 0.115, and 0.974 ± 0.048 ng/mL, respectively, within the concentration range in humans. At the highest dose, EHDPP exposure induced ASD-like behaviors in both female and male offspring. Significant reductions in mature dendritic spines and structural damage to the postsynaptic density zone were noted in all but the lowest exposure groups, indicating postsynaptic membrane impairment. Mechanistically, EHDPP significantly downregulated disc large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 expression by inhibiting protein kinase B and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor phosphorylation. In the heterologous synapse formation assay in vivo, EHDPP significantly reduced the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 expression in neurons at 1 µM. Overall, the study utilized in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm that EHDPP damaged postsynaptic membrane formation and might increase the incidence of ASD in offspring.

Fascia Iliaca Block Combined with Low-dose Spinal Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly: Effects on Severe Hypotension and Analgesia. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Hip fracture surgeries in elderly patients often require spinal or general anesthesia, posing risks of severe hypotension and inadequate pain management. The optimal anesthesia type for minimizing these risks remains undetermined. Preliminary studies suggest that a combination of fascia iliaca block (FIB) and low-dose low-specific-gravity spinal anesthesia (LLSA) might offer a solution, but comprehensive evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combining FIB with LLSA for reducing severe hypotension and enhancing analgesia during hip fracture surgery in elderly patients. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted. SETTING: An operating theatre of a tertiary hospital. METHODS: The study comprised 68 patients. They were separated into 2 equal parallel groups 34 patients each: the FIB+LLSA group and the general anesthesia (GA) group. Patients aged 75-96 undergoing primary hip arthroplasty for hip fracture were randomized to receive either FIB+LLSA or GA. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe hypotension; secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, use of rescue analgesia, vasopressor dosage, and complications. RESULTS: We found a significantly lower incidence of severe hypotension in the FIB+LLSA group compared to the GA group (32.4% vs 67.6%). Additionally, postoperative pain scores were significantly lower, and the need for rescue analgesia was reduced in the FIB+LLSA group. Vasopressor use during surgery was also significantly lower in the FIB+LLSA group. The hospital stay was shorter in the FIB+LLSA group, with an average of 5.9 days compared to 6.7 days in the GA group. LIMITATIONS: The study's limitations include its single-center nature, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the inability to conduct a double-blind study could introduce biases, though measures were taken to minimize this. The sample size might not be sufficient to determine the broader implications of LLSA. CONCLUSIONS: Combining FIB with LLSA for elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery significantly reduces the incidence of severe intraoperative hypotension and postoperative pain. It also decreases the need for rescue analgesia and shortens hospital stays, suggesting that FIB+LLSA could be a beneficial regional anesthesia technique for elderly hip fracture surgery patients, aligning with enhanced recovery protocols.

The association between intolerance of uncertainty and academic burnout among university students: the role of self-regulatory fatigue and self-compassion.

Introduction: Increased uncertainty is a major feature of the current society that poses significant challenges to university students' mental health and academics. However, current research has not paid sufficient attention to this issue, and no study has explored the underlying mechanisms between intolerance of uncertainty and academic burnout among university students. Methods: This study examined the association between uncertainty intolerance and academic burnout among university students and the role of self-regulatory fatigue and self-compassion in light of the theory of limited resources. Convenience sampling was used to survey 1,022 Chinese university students. Results: The findings demonstrated that intolerance of uncertainty significantly influenced university students' academic burnout with self-regulatory fatigue serving as a key mediator. Additionally, self-compassion can effectively moderate the effects of intolerance of uncertainty on self-regulatory fatigue and academic burnout. Discussion: These results indicated that the depletion of cognitive resources brought about by uncertainty in the current highly uncertain social environment may be one of the key pathways to academic burnout among university students. Furthermore, current research provides insights into how to mitigate the negative effects of uncertainty on university students.

Association between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NHANES 1999-2018).

AIMS: The impact of macrovascular and microvascular complications, the common vascular complications of type 2 diabetes, on long-term mortality has been well evaluated, but the impact of different complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years) on long-term mortality has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). Cox proportional hazard models was used to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 928 participants were enrolled in this study. At a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 181 individuals died. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality for individuals with any single complication compared with those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without complications was 2.24 (1.37, 3.69), and for individuals with two or more complications was 5.34 (3.01, 9.46).Co-existing Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) at baseline were associated with the highest risk of death (HR 6.07[2.92-12.62]), followed by CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 4.98[2.79-8.89]) and CVD and DR (HR 4.58 [1.98-10.57]). CONCLUSION: The presence of single and combined diabetes complications exerts a long-term synergistic adverse impact on overall mortality in newly diagnosed U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes, underscoring the importance of comprehensive complication screening to enhance risk stratification and treatment.

Sex-specific epigenetic signatures of circulating urate and its increase after BCG vaccination.

Background: Urate concentration and the physiological regulation of urate homeostasis exhibit clear sex differences. DNA methylation has been shown to explain a substantial proportion of serum urate variance, mediate the genetic effect on urate concentration, and co-regulate with cardiometabolic traits. However, whether urate concentration is associated with DNA methylation in a sex-dependent manner is unknown. Additionally, it is worth investigating if urate changes after perturbations, such as vaccination, are associated with DNA methylation in a sex-specific manner. Methods: We investigated the association between DNA methylation and serum urate concentrations in a Dutch cohort of 325 healthy individuals. Urate concentration and DNA methylation were measured before and after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, used as a perturbation associated with increased gout flares. The association analysis included united, interaction, and sex-stratified analysis. Validation of the identified CpG sites was conducted using three independent cohorts. Results: 215 CpG sites were associated with serum urate in males, while 5 CpG sites were associated with serum urate in females, indicating sex-specific associations. Circulating urate concentrations significantly increased after BCG vaccination, and baseline DNA methylation was associated with differences in urate concentration before and after vaccination in a sex-specific manner. The CpG sites associated with urate concentration in males were enriched in neuro-protection pathways, whereas in females, the urate change-associated CpG sites were related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Conclusion: Our study enhances the understanding of how epigenetic factors contribute to regulating serum urate levels in a sex-specific manner. These insights have significant implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various urate-related diseases and highlight the importance of personalized and sex-specific approaches in medicine.

Substrate access tunnel engineering of a Fe-type nitrile hydratase from Pseudomonas fluorescens ZJUT001 for substrate preference adjustment and catalytic performance enhancement.

Substrate access tunnel engineering is a useful strategy for enzyme modification. In this study, we improved the catalytic performance of Fe-type Nitrile hydratase (Fe-type NHase) from Pseudomonas fluorescens ZJUT001 (PfNHase) by mutating residue Q86 at the entrance of the substrate access tunnel. The catalytic activity of the mutant PfNHase-αQ86W towards benzonitrile, 2-cyanopyridine, 3-cyanopyridine, and 4-hydroxybenzonitrile was enhanced by 9.35-, 3.30-, 6.55-, and 2.71-fold, respectively, compared to that of the wild-type PfNHase (PfNHase-WT). In addition, the mutant PfNHase-αQ86W showed a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) towards benzonitrile 17.32-fold higher than the PfNHase-WT. Interestingly, the substrate preference of PfNHase-αQ86W shifted from aliphatic nitriles to aromatic nitrile substrates. Our analysis delved into the structural changes that led to this altered substrate preference, highlighting an expanded entrance tunnel region, theenlarged substrate-binding pocket, and the increased hydrophobic interactions between the substrate and enzyme. Molecular dynamic simulations and dynamic cross-correlation Matrix (DCCM) further supported these findings, providing a comprehensive explanation for the enhanced catalytic activity towards aromatic nitrile substrates.

Asymmetric Adaption in Social Learning: Understanding the Dilemma of Competition and Cooperation.

The constant challenge in social interactions involves making informed decisions in the face of competitive and cooperative dilemmas. The decision-making process can be influenced by various factors present in the social context. According to the behavior-pattern-categorization framework of information acquisition, potential biases may develop at all stages of decision-making as information about social context is progressively entered and integrated. In this study, employing the Chicken Game, we investigated the influence of varying information levels within the behavior-pattern-categorization framework (i.e., competitiveness of behavior choice, uncertainty of behavior pattern, and sociality of category) on decision-making in the dilemma of competition and cooperation. Combined with reinforcement learning models, our findings from three experiments showed that participants exhibited basic complementary behavior, becoming less competitive against highly competitive opponents and vice versa. Notably, individuals exhibited varying adaptation rates to different levels of opponent competitiveness and fluctuations. Specifically, participants adapted slower to highly competitive opponents and faster to cooperative opponents. This asymmetric adaptation in social learning is related to the rate at which various levels of information are updated. The current study disentangles the different levels of information acquisition and highlights the asymmetric processing that can occur during the updating of information within each level.

Spatial Dynamics of Chickenpox Outbreaks in Rapidly Developing Regions: Implications for Global Public Health.

Objective: The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children. However, certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied. Here, we examined the relationship between spatial clustering, heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks, and socioeconomic factors in Southern China. Methods: We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021, comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions, and provides a representative sample of many developing regions. We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics. Results: There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks, with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors, particularly demographics and living environment. Furthermore, interactive effects among specific are factors, such as population density and per capita residential building area, percentage of households with toilets, percentage of rental housing, exhibited q statistics of 0.28, 0.25, and 0.24, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions, revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission. These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.

Cytochrome P450 F3 promotes colorectal cancer via inhibiting NRF2-mediated ferroptosis.

Cytochrome P450 F3 (CYP4F3) is recognized as a disease-associated immune response initiator that is involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and lipids. This study identified the upregulation of CYP4F3 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its association with poor patient prognosis through a comparative analysis between CRC tumor tissues with normal tissues from public databases. The overexpression of CYP4F3 in CT26.wt and SW620, promoted cell proliferation and migration, a reduction of cellular oxidative stress, an up-regulation of the oxidative stress-related pathway NRF2, and an inhibition of cellular ferroptosis. Additionally, inhibition of NRF2 activity stimulated cellular ferroptosis when CYP4F3 was overexpressed. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is a non-apoptotic way of cell death with a critical role in cancer development. When given a ferroptosis agonist to CYP4F3-overexpression CRC cells, NRF2 was activated, and cell proliferation and migration were reduced. Furthermore, the mice subcutaneously injected with CYP4F3-overexpression CT26.wt cells formed significantly larger tumors compared to the CYP4F3-vector CT26.wt cell group. This study systematically identified an important role of CYP4F3 in CRC development as a regulator of CRC cells to escape ferroptosis via NRF2, highlighting the significance of CYP4F3 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.

Helicity-directed recognition of bacterial phospholipid via radially amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides.

The fundamental differences in phospholipids between bacterial and mammalian cell membranes present remarkable opportunities for antimicrobial design. However, it is challenging to distinguish bacterial anionic phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) from mammalian anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) with the same net charge. Here, we report a class of radially amphiphilic α helix antimicrobial peptides (RAPs) that can selectively discriminate PG from PS, relying on the helix structure. The representative RAP, L10-MMBen, can direct the rearrangement of PG vesicles into a lamellar structure with its helix axis parallel to the PG membrane surface. The helical structure imparts both the thermodynamic and kinetic advantages of L10-MMBen/PG assembly, and the hiding of hydrophobic regions in RAPs is crucial for PG recognition. L10-MMBen exhibits high selectivity against bacteria depending on PG recognition, showing low in vivo toxicity and significant treatment efficacy in mice infection models. Our study introduces a helicity-direct bacterial phospholipid recognition paradigm for designing highly selective antimicrobial peptides.

Analysis of current trends in angiogenesis research for wound healing: A bibliometric study from 2013 to 2023.

Background: Traumatic injuries, surgery, and chronic diseases lead to soft tissue wounds. Stimulating normal wound healing (WH) is important for tissue repair and restoration of homeostasis. Lack of angiogenesis impedes wound healing and is noted in chronic wounds. The goal of this investigation was to thoroughly assess the present state and patterns of investigations on angiogenesis in WH by the use of bibliometric analysis. Methods: Studies examining angiogenesis and WH were sourced from the database of the Web of Science Core Collection. Only studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were chosen for the purpose of investigation. To analyze the publications included in this research, bibliometric and visual analysis techniques were applied utilizing tools like VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: For the analysis, 11,558 papers were considered. The number of publications increased annually from 2013 to 2023. China, the USA, and South Korea were the top nations in this subject, accounting for 41.1 %, 19.4 %, and 5.8 % of published articles, respectively. The author and institution with the greatest number of publications were found to be Chang J and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. PLOS One had the greatest publication count among journals, whereas Biomaterials had the greatest number of citations and was often mentioned in co-citations. Angiogenesis-related biomedical engineering and tissue engineering were the topics that received the most research attention. Recent studies have focused on vascular endothelial growth factor and carboxymethyl chitosan as emerging areas of interest. Conclusion: In this investigation, we compiled the features of publications and determined the most impactful nations, organizations, writers, periodicals, popular subjects, and patterns concerning the process of angiogenesis in the context of WH.

A Structural Mimic of Carbonic Anhydrase in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks via Trans-functionalization for Enhancing Hydrolytic Activity.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely considered as ideal platforms for the preparation of biomimetic catalysts, but it remains challenging to fabricate MOF-based enzyme-like catalysts with optimal activity. Here, we leverage the inherent flexibility of MOFs and propose a novel trans-functionalization strategy to construct a carbonic anhydrase (CA) mimic by the structural transformation from ZIF-L to ZIF-8. Theoretical and experimental results reveal that during the structural transformation, the hydroxyl group will preferentially coordinate with the interlayer Zn clusters to form the CA-like active center Zn-N3-OH. Therefore, more accessible active centers are generated on the as-prepared ZIF-8-OH, resulting in substantially enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl acetate.

Design and Fabrication of Continuous Surface Optical Field Modulator for Angular Spectrum Discreteness Compensation.

The light homogenizing element is a crucial component of the illumination system of the lithography machine. Its primary purpose is to realize the uniform distribution of energy. However, it suffers from a common issue, which is angular spectrum discreteness, which significantly impacts light uniformity. To address this, we design and fabricate random micro-cylindrical lens arrays to obtain a small-angle Gaussian optical field, which can compensate for the angular spectrum discreteness. By adjusting the pitches and curvature radii of the micro-cylindrical lenses separately, we are able to manipulate the divergence angle of the emitted sub-beams, enabling precise angular spectrum modulation. By using mask-moving technology, the angular spectrum modulator is fabricated to generate a Gaussian illumination field. The surface profile is measured and determined with a structural roughness below 10 nm. Furthermore, optical test experiments on the modulator have been conducted, achieving an angle error of less than 0.02° and a balance better than 0.5%.

Racial and social-economic inequalities in systemic chemotherapy use among adult glioblastoma patients following surgery and radiotherapy.

Not all patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) eligible for systemic chemotherapy after upfront surgery and radiotherapy finally receive it. The information on patients with GBM was retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Patients who underwent upfront surgery or biopsy and external beam radiotherapy between 2010 and 2019 were eligible for systemic chemotherapy. The available patient and tumor characteristics were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and chi-squared test. Out of the 16,682 patients eligible, 92.1% underwent systemic chemotherapy. The characteristics linked to the lowest systemic chemotherapy utilization included tumors of the brain stem/cerebellum (P = 0.01), former years of diagnosis (P = 0.001), ≥ 80 years of age (P < 0.001), Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Asian, Pacific Islander, or Black race (P < 0.001), non-partnered status (P < 0.001), and low median household income (P = 0.006). Primary tumor site, year of diagnosis, age, race, partnered status, and median household income correlated with the omission of systemic chemotherapy in GBM in adult patients.

FTMT-dependent mitophagy is crucial for ferroptosis resistance in cardiac fibroblast.

Metabolic responses to cellular stress are pivotal in cell ferroptosis, with mitophagy serving as a crucial mechanism in both metabolic processes and ferroptosis. This study aims to elucidate the effects of high glucose on cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) regarding ferroptosis and to uncover the underlying mechanisms involved. We examined alterations in glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and mitophagy, which are essential for metabolic adaptations and ferroptosis. High glucose exposure induced ferroptosis specifically in CMs, while CFs exhibited resistance to ferroptosis, increased glycolytic activity, and no change in OXPHOS. Moreover, high glucose treatment enhanced mitophagy and upregulated mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT). Notably, the combination of FTMT and the autophagy-related protein nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) increased under high glucose conditions. Silencing FTMT significantly impeded mitophagy and eliminated ferroptosis resistance in CFs cultured under high glucose conditions. The transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) was upregulated in CFs upon high glucose exposure, playing a crucial role in the increased expression of FTMT. Within the 5'-flanking sequence of the FTMT mRNA, approximately -500 nt from the transcription initiation site, three putative FOXA1 binding sites were identified. High glucose augmented the binding affinity between FOXA1 and these sequences, thereby promoting FTMT transcription. In summary, high glucose upregulated FOXA1 expression and stimulated FTMT promoter activity in CFs, thereby promoting FTMT-dependent mitophagy and conferring ferroptosis resistance in CFs.

No value of non-selective beta-blockers after TIPS-insertion.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) are a well-established treatment in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. However, their potential role after insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) still needs to be determined. Of note, recent studies suggested that favourable anti-inflammatory effects of NSBB might be independent from pressure reduction. This study aimed to evaluate whether NSBB-treatment is associated with amelioration of systemic inflammation (SI), hepatic decompensation and survival after TIPS-insertion. METHODS: In a retrospective study comprising 305 consecutive patients, we investigated the impact of NSBB-intake at TIPS-placement on periinterventional cirrhosis-associated complications and continued NSBB-treatment after discharge on complications including hepatic decompensation and mortality during 1-year follow-up, employing multivariable competing-risk-analyses. In a prospective cohort including 45 patients, we performed a comprehensive analysis of SI analysing 48 soluble inflammatory markers (SIMs) at baseline plus 3 and 6 months after TIPS-insertion. RESULTS: Overall, 175 (57.4%) patients received NSBB-therapy prior to TIPS-insertion; upon discharge, this decreased to 131 (22.9%), with 36 (27.5%) discontinuing NSBB within 1-year follow-up. Neither NSBB-therapy at TIPS-insertion nor treatment-continuation after discharge were associated with lower risks for hepatic decompensation, individual cirrhosis-associated complications or mortality neither in the periinterventional period nor during follow-up. Similarly, in the prospective cohort NSBB-intake was not linked to lower levels or a more prominent change of WBC, CRP or any other SIM at any of the investigated time points. CONCLUSION: NSBB-therapy at the time of TIPS-insertion and its (dis-)continuation afterwards seems to have no significant impact on SI, development of hepatic decompensation and survival.

Association of visceral adiposity index with phenotypic age acceleration: insight from NHANES 1999-2010.

BACKGROUND: Obesity correlates with accelerated aging. This study aims to investigate the association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and accelerated aging. METHODS: Biological aging was evaluated by phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2010, we employed weighted multivariable logistic regression models, along with subgroup analysis, to examine the association between VAI and PhenoAgeAccel. Moreover, smooth curve fitting was utilized to identify potential nonlinear association, complemented by a two-piece linear regression model to investigate threshold effects. RESULTS: Of the included 11,340 participants aged 20 years and older, the mean (95% CI) age was 46.569 (45.946, 47.191) years, and 49.189% were male. The mean (95% CI) VAI for all participants was 2.176 (2.114, 2.238), and the mean (95% CI) PhenoAgeAccel was -6.306 (-6.618, -5.994) years. In the fully adjusted model, each incremental unit increase of VAI was associated with a 0.312-year increase in PhenoAgeAccel (ß = 0.312, 95% CI: 0.217, 0.408). This positive association was more statistically significant among individuals with cancer. Furthermore, a segmented association was observed between VAI and PhenoAgeAccel, with a turning point identified at 10.543. Below this threshold, VAI exhibited a positive correlation with PhenoAgeAccel (ß = 0.617, 95% CI: 0.499, 0.735), while beyond it, the association became nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a positive association between VAI and accelerated aging within a nationally representative population. The findings suggest that controlling adiposity may exert anti-aging effects and help prevent aging-related diseases.

[Ce3+-OV-Ce4+] Located Surface-Distributed Sheet Cu-Zn-Ce Catalysts for Methanol Production by CO2 Hydrogenation.

The metal-support interaction is crucial for the performance of Cu-based catalysts. However, the distinctive properties of the support metal element itself are often overlooked in catalyst design. In this paper, a sheet Cu-Zn-Ce with [Ce3+-OV-Ce4+] located on the surface was designed by the sol-gel method. Through EPR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the relationship between the content of oxygen vacancies and Ce was revealed. Ce itself induces the generation of [Ce3+-OV-Ce4+]. Through ICP-MS, XPS, and SEM-mapping, the Ce-induced formation of [Ce3+-OV-Ce4+] located on the catalyst surface was demonstrated. CO2-TPD and DFT calculations further revealed that [Ce3+-OV-Ce4+] enhanced CO2 adsorption, leading to a 10% increase in methanol selectivity compared to Cu-Zn-Ce synthesized via the coprecipitation method.

Tracking cognitive trajectories in older survivors of COVID-19 up to 2.5 years post-infection.

Emerging evidence suggests that neurological and other post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 can persist beyond or develop following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the long-term trajectories of cognitive change after a COVID-19 infection remain unclear. Here we investigated cognitive changes over a period of 2.5 years among 1,245 individuals aged 60 years or older who survived infection with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain in Wuhan, China, and 358 uninfected spouses. We show that the overall incidence of cognitive impairment among older COVID-19 survivors was 19.1% at 2.5 years after infection and hospitalization, evaluated using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-40. Cognitive decline primarily manifested in individuals with severe COVID-19 during the initial year of infection, after which the rate of decline decelerated. Severe COVID-19, cognitive impairment at 6 months and hypertension were associated with long-term cognitive decline. These findings reveal the long-term cognitive trajectory of the disease and underscore the importance of post-infection cognitive care for COVID-19 survivors.

Impdh2 deficiency suppresses osteoclastogenesis through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and alleviates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Abnormalities in osteoclastic generation or activity disrupt bone homeostasis and are highly involved in many pathologic bone-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteopetrosis, and osteoporosis. Control of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is crucial for treating these bone diseases. However, the mechanisms of control of osteoclastogenesis are incompletely understood. In this study, we identified that inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (Impdh2) positively regulates bone resorption. By histomorphometric analysis, Impdh2 deletion in mouse myeloid lineage cells (Impdh2LysM-/- mice) showed a high bone mass due to the reduced osteoclast number. qPCR and western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including Nfatc1, Ctsk, Calcr, Acp5, Dcstamp, and Atp6v0d2, was significantly decreased in the Impdh2LysM-/- mice. Furthermore, the Impdh inhibitor MPA treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation and induced Impdh2-cytoophidia formation. The ability of osteoclast differentiation was recovered after MPA deprivation. Interestingly, genome-wide analysis revealed that the osteoclastic mitochondrial biogenesis and functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation, were impaired in the Impdh2LysM-/- mice. Moreover, the deletion of Impdh2 alleviated ovariectomy-induced bone loss. In conclusion, our findings revealed a previously unrecognized function of Impdh2, suggesting that Impdh2-mediated mechanisms represent therapeutic targets for osteolytic diseases.