Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with telitacicept: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor-associated membranous nephropathy (anti-PLA2R-MN) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a rare clinical scenario, presenting significant challenges in terms of management and treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old Chinese male diagnosed with HIV infection presented with a clinical history of proteinuria persisting for over two years. A kidney biopsy demonstrated subepithelial immune complex deposition and a thickened glomerular basement membrane, indicative of stage I-II membranous nephropathy. Immunofluorescence staining revealed granular deposition of PLA2R (3+) along the glomerular capillary loops, corroborated by a strongly positive anti-PLA2R antibody test (1:320). Initial treatment involving losartan potassium, rivaroxaban, tacrolimus, and rituximab was discontinued due to either poor effectiveness or the occurrence of adverse events. Following a regimen of weekly subcutaneous injections of telitacicept (160 mg), a marked decline in the 24 h urine protein was observed within a three-month period, accompanied by a rise in serum albumin level. No significant reductions in peripheral blood CD3+CD4+T and CD3+CD8+T cell counts were detected. The patient's physical and psychological conditions showed significant improvements, with no adverse events reported during the treatment course. CONCLUSION: Telitacicept might offer a potential therapeutic avenue for patients diagnosed with anti-PLA2R-MN concomitant with HIV infection.

Integration of Metabolome and Transcriptome Studies Reveals Flavonoids, Abscisic Acid, and Nitric Oxide Comodulating the Freezing Tolerance in Liriope spicata.

Liriope spicata is an evergreen perennial ornamental groundcover with a strong freezing tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the freezing tolerance in L. spicata remains unclear. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of L. spicata freezing tolerance was conducted at the levels of physiology and biochemistry, metabolite, and transcript during the stress treatment. There were 581 unique differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 10,444 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between freezing treatment and normal cultured plant in leaves. Integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that flavonoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and signal transduction pathways were prominently enriched in response to the freezing stress in L. spicata. Now, we identified genes and metabolites involved in the flavonoid pathway, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, and the oxidative synthesis pathway of nitric oxide (NO), which may form a regulatory network and play a synergistic effect in osmotic adjustment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and stomatal closure under freezing stress. These results offer a comprehensive network of flavonoids, ABA, and NO comodulating the freezing tolerance in L. spicata.

Research on the changes in wettability of rice (Oryza sativa.) leaf surfaces at different development stages using the OWRK method.

BACKGROUND: A good knowledge in wetting behavior of pesticide spray liquid on plant surface is crucial to spray applications. Difference in leaf surface wettability would result in obvious changes in spray wetting behavior. The aim of this paper is to obtain the changes of wettability during different growth periods. RESULTS: The contact angle (CA) of rice leaf for each liquid increased with rice growth. No significant difference was found between cultivars. The CA was found to be correlated with the polar component of liquid surface tension. The square of the polar component was also found to be highly significant indicating that the relationship between these two properties was not a simple linear one. The surface energy of each plant surface decreased as the plants aged. This was also true of each part of the surface energy. However, no obvious difference on the proportion of the components was found among different cultivars and stages. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in value of CA and surface free energy (SFE) both reflect the changes of the leaf surface wettability, while the SFE value shows better in wettability characterizing. Obvious rice leaf wettability changes were found on different development stages, which may be beneficial for researches in agrochemical sprays wetting and spreading behavior. Factors influencing these alterations were discussed.