Increased CD56 expression after photodynamic therapy indicates an increased natural killer cell count following early photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic method for managing cSCC due to its proven ability to target specific areas over time and its low risk of side effects. PDT may cause tissue damage and vascular shutdown, and may regulate local immunological responses. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the early lymphocyte modifications before and after PDT for SCC. A total of 10 patients with SCC were identified by pathological investigation. Initially, all wounds were treated with 20% aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT as the initial stage in the therapeutic procedure. The wounds were treated by exposing them to red LED light with a wavelength of 635 nm, an energy density of 100 J/cm2 and an intensity of 80 mW/cm2. The tumor tissue was surgically removed 24 h later, and another round of PDT therapy was administered. Immunohistochemistry for CD3 and CD56 was conducted on the wound tissue post-surgery. If the wound showed granulation, necrosis or secretion, debridement was added to the therapy. All patients were monitored for 0.6-1.0 year post-treatment. ALA-PDT combination surgery fully controlled the tumor tissue in all 10 patients. The immunohistochemical analysis of the wound tissues showed that the expression of CD56 increased, while the expression of CD3 was not different after photodynamic therapy. These results also indirectly indicated that the overall count of NK cells in the 10 patients increased, nevertheless, there was no alteration in the T lymphocyte count. In conclusion, the ALA-PDT combination surgical therapy for cSCC demonstrates favorable results. An increase in CD56 expression may be a mechanism for the effective treatment of cSCC with PDT.

Efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for keloids.

BACKGROUND: Keloids are aggressive fibroproliferative disorders that cause aesthetic and functional damage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as a novel treatment for keloids. However, the limited penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and unsatisfactory outcomes in dense scars hinder its effectiveness as a monotherapy. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser followed by 5-ALA PDT for keloids. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with keloid were included in our study. Each lesion was pretreated by fractional CO2 laser with 26-28 W to create microthermal zones. After topical application of 5-ALA solution, an irradiation of 635 nm red light with 120 J/cm2 was performed. The treatment was repeated at least every 2 weeks. Efficacy and safety were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for keloid-related symptoms and documentation of postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed to compare VSS and keloid-related symptom VAS scores of the baseline and final treatment sessions. RESULTS: The final treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in all parameters of VSS and VAS for pruritus and pain compared to the baseline. Except for postoperative hyperpigmentation, no infections, scar aggravation, or recurrence were observed during at least 6 months of follow-up. Overall, patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with the treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Fractional CO2 laser followed by 5-ALA PDT is a promising method for treating keloids. However, its synergetic effects need to be validated through clinical trials involving larger patient cohorts.

Clinical efficacy of Mohs surgery combined with topical photodynamic therapy for facial basal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of Mohs surgery in combination with topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for facial basal cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients with facial basal cell carcinoma treated in our department from April 2011 to December 2013 were included. Mohs surgery was used to remove the lesions followed by direct suturing, skin flap grafting, or medium thickness free-skin grafting to repair the incisions. Topical PDT was performed three times, at an interval of 2 weeks, immediately after the sutures were removed. The patients were followed up for 2 years after the operation to evaluate tumor recurrence. RESULTS: Recurrence was not observed within 1 year after Mohs surgery combining PDT; however, one case of recurrence was found at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of Mohs surgery combining topical PDT is a definite treatment for facial basal cell carcinomas, as it reduced the tumor recurrence rate and maintained the relative integrity of the local tissues and appearance. This method could be a new effective treatment method for the facial basal cell carcinoma.

Transient Receptor Potential Channel Canonical Type 3 Deficiency Antagonizes Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation In Vivo.

OBJECTIVE: Myofibroblast transformation has been shown to be associated with the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox4). Inhibition of transient receptor potential channel canonical type 3 (TRPC3) attenuates mitochondrial calcium handling and ROS production in the vasculature of hypertensive rats. However, it remains elusive whether TRPC3 regulates mitochondrial calcium and ROS production and participates in myofibroblast transdifferentiation during wound healing. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated that activation of TRPC3 by transforming growth factor ß (TGFß (TGFαSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFß (TGFαSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFß (TGFß (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased αSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFß (TGFß (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased Trpc3+/+ mice. In addition, Trpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that TGFß1-mediated activation of TRPC3 enhances mitochondrial calcium and ROS production, which promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and HTS formation. Inhibition of the TRPC3-mediated Nox4/pSmad2/3 pathway may be a useful strategy to limit HTS formation after injury.ß (TGF.

Efficacy and Safety of 2% Topical Propranolol Cream for the Treatment of Proliferating Infantile Strawberry Hemangiomas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% topical propranolol cream in the treatment of proliferating infantile strawberry hemangiomas. METHODS: A total of 40 infants were enrolled; 2% propranolol cream was applied three times daily. In the subsequent monthly visit, dynamic changes in tumor size, texture, and color were recorded. The adverse events (AEs) were observed. Treatment outcomes were scored on a four-point scale. All patients were followed up for 12 mo after treatment. RESULTS: The overall response was graded Scale 1 (poor response) in 2 patients, Scale 2 (moderate response) in 15 patients, Scale 3 (good response) in 17 patients, and Scale 4 (excellent response) in 6 patients. No significant differences were seen in treatment outcomes between female and male patients, among lesion locations/size, or in the age at the start of the treatment. No obvious AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS: 2% topical propranolol cream is safe and effective for the treatment of proliferating infantile strawberry hemangiomas.

Treatment of Sweat gland carcinoma with Topical Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic therapy: An effective treatment method to improve surgical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Sweat gland carcinoma is an extremely rare skin cancer, which is hard to diagnose and completely resect without causing functional and cosmetic problems. Moreover, the high rate of recurrence is hard to handle in the treatment of sweat gland carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy is a novel treatment protocol which can selectively destroy tumor cells with good functional and cosmetic outcomes. METHODS: This is a case about a 53 years old patient with sweat gland carcinoma on his right foot, which received surgery and photodynamic therapy. RESULTS: There is no recurrence one year after treatment of surgery and photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Excision combined with photodynamic therapy during operation is a promising strategy towards tumors which are hard to resect thoroughly and have a high risk of recurrence.

Efficacy and safety of topical ALA-PDT in the treatment of EMPD.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers in clinical practice. More and more doctors use PDT to cure the patients with skin cancer, especially in the elder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical PDT using aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the treatment of Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) and its role in surgical improvements. METHODS: A total of 38 cases were included in this study. Lesions were located in the scrotum and the penis. Thirty-one cases had surgical resection of the lesions followed by ALA-PDT (combination of PDT and surgery group). Seven cases received ALA-PDT without receiving surgical resection because the surgery is extremely difficult or the patients refused surgery (simple PDT group). Each tumor lesion was irradiated with 120J/cm(2) using a 635-nm laser for 15min. A total of 3 times of assisted ALA-PDT was applied after surgery. RESULTS: In the combination group, there was no recurrence in 6 months after treatment. In another group, recurrence occurred in 1 case in 6 months. All patients were able to complete the treatment protocol, with well cosmetic results and no moderate adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: As an assistive therapy after tumor resection, ALA-PDT can reduce the excision range of the tumor lesions and will play more important role in the treatment of EMPD.

Efficacy of topical ALA-PDT combined with excision in the treatment of skin malignant tumor.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers in clinical practice. In China, more and more doctors use PDT to cure the patients with skin cancer, especially in the elder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical PDT using aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) combined with excision in the treatment of skin malignant tumor and its role in surgical improvements. METHODS: A total of 58 cases including 32 cases of BCC, 13 cases of Bowen's disease, 8 cases of Paget's disease and 5 cases of SCC were included in this study. All cases were treated with topical ALA-PDT after surgery. Each tumor region was irradiated with 120 J/cm(2) using a 635-nm laser for 15 min. A total of 3 times of assisted ALA-PDT was applied after surgery. RESULTS: There was no recurrence in 6 months after treatment. Only 5 cases of Paget's disease and 2 cases of SCC experienced disease recurrence in 1 year. All patients were able to complete the treatment protocol, with well cosmetic results and no moderate adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: As an assistive therapy after tumor resection, ALA-PDT can reduce the excision range of the tumor lesions. However, its role in the reduction of recurrence rate remains to be further investigated.