Sources, interactions, influencing factors and ecological risks of microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes in soil: A review.

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are gaining increasing attention as they pose a threat to the ecological environment and human health as emerging contaminants. MPs has been proved to be a hot spot in ARGs, and although it has been extensively studied in water environment, the results of bibliometrics statistical analysis in this paper showed that relevant studies in soil ecological environment are currently in the initial stage. In view of this, the paper provides a systematic review of the sources, interactions, influencing factors, and ecological risks associated with MPs and ARGs in soil environments. Additionally, the mechanism and influencing factors of plastisphere formation and resistance are elaborated in detail. The MPs properties, soil physicochemical properties, soil environmental factors and agricultural activities are the primarily factors affecting the interaction between MPs and ARGs in soil. Challenges and development directions of related research in the future are also prospected. It is hoped that the review could assist in a deeper comprehension and exploration of the interaction mechanism between MPs and ARGs in soil as well as the function of MPs in the transmission process of ARGs among diverse environmental media and organisms, and provide theory basis and reference for the MPs and ARGs pollution control and remediation in soil.

Platelets promote primary hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through TGF-ß1-mediated cancer cell autophagy.

Previous research has revealed that platelets promote tumor metastasis by binding to circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the role of platelets in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells at the primary tumor site, the crucial initial step of tumor metastasis, remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that platelet releasate enhanced EMT and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells via AMPK/mTOR-induced autophagy. RNA-seq indicated that platelet releasate altered TGF-ß signaling pathway of cancer cells. Inhibiting TGFBR or deleting platelet TGF-ß1 suppressed AMPK/mTOR pathway activation and autophagy induced by platelet releasate. Compared with Pf4cre-; Tgfb1fl/fl mice, HCC orthotopic models established on Pf4cre+; Tgfb1fl/fl mice showed reduced TGF-ß1 in primary tumors, which corresponded with decreased cancer cell EMT, autophagy, migration ability and tumor metastasis. Inhibition of autophagy via Atg5 knockdown in cancer cells negated EMT and metastasis induced by platelet-released TGF-ß1. Clinically, higher platelet count correlated with increased TGF-ß1, LC3 and N-cad expression in primary tumors of HCC patients, suggesting a link between platelets and HCC progression. Our study indicates that platelets promote cancer cell EMT in the primary tumor and HCC metastasis through TGF-ß1-induced HCC cell autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings offer novel insights into the role of platelets in HCC metastasis and the potential therapeutic targets for HCC metastasis.

Nacre-like surface nanolaminates enhance fatigue resistance of pure titanium.

Fatigue failure is invariably the most crucial failure mode for metallic structural components. Most microstructural strategies for enhancing fatigue resistance are effective in suppressing either crack initiation or propagation, but often do not work for both synergistically. Here, we demonstrate that this challenge can be overcome by architecting a gradient structure featuring a surface layer of nacre-like nanolaminates followed by multi-variant twinned structure in pure titanium. The polarized accommodation of highly regulated grain boundaries in the nanolaminated layer to cyclic loading enhances the structural stability against lamellar thickening and microstructure softening, thereby delaying surface roughening and thus crack nucleation. The decohesion of the nanolaminated grains along horizonal high-angle grain boundaries gives rise to an extraordinarily high frequency (≈1.7 × 103 times per mm) of fatigue crack deflection, effectively reducing fatigue crack propagation rate (by 2 orders of magnitude lower than the homogeneous coarse-grained counterpart). These intriguing features of the surface nanolaminates, along with the various toughening mechanisms activated in the subsurface twinned structure, result in a fatigue resistance that significantly exceeds those of the homogeneous and gradient structures with equiaxed grains. Our work on architecting the surface nanolaminates in gradient structure provides a scalable and sustainable strategy for designing more fatigue-resistant alloys.

Photo-/Electrocatalytic Difunctionalization of Alkenes Enabled by C-H Radical Functionalization.

The difunctionalization of alkenes represents a powerful tool to incorporate two functional groups into the alkene bones for increasing molecular complexity and has been widely utilizations in chemical synthesis. Upon the catalysis of the green, sustainable, mild photo-/electrochemistry technologies, much attentions have been attracted to the development of new tactics for the transformations of the important alkene and alkane feedstocks driven by C-H radical functionalization. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the photo-/electrocatalytic difunctionalization of alkenes enabled by C-H radical functionalization. We detailedly discuss the substrate scope and the mechanisms of the photo-/electrocatalytic alkene difunctionalization reactions by selecting impressive synthetic examples, which are divided into four sections based on the final terminated step, including oxidative radical-polar crossover coupling, reductive radical-polar crossover coupling, radical-radical coupling, and transition-metal-catalyzed coupling.

Synergistic mechanisms of carbon-based materials for VOCs photocatalytic degradation: A critical review.

With the rapid expansion of human activities, there has been a significant increase in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from factories and interior decoration materials, posing a substantial risk to the surrounding ecosystem and human health. Photocatalysis technology based on semiconductors has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating atmospheric pollution and indoor air quality concerns. However, single semiconductors encounter several challenges when it comes to VOC photodegradation, including issues like the weak adsorption capacity for VOC molecules, insufficient surface-active sites, and limited light utilization. In recent decades, carbon-based materials have gained considerable interest in photodegrading VOCs owing to their strong adsorption capacity, electrical conductivity, broad light absorption range, and tunable surface characteristics. The incorporation of carbon materials can enhance the photodegradation efficiency of VOCs by facilitating the transfer of VOCs from the ambient air to the surface of the photocatalysts, increasing the number of active surface sites, expanding the light absorption region, and promoting the separation of charge carriers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of carbon materials with different dimensions in enhancing the performance of semiconductors for the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs. Based on the fundamental principles of photocatalytic VOC degradation, this review explores the factors influencing the degradation performance of catalysts and elucidates the degradation mechanisms. Moreover, it summarizes a range of synthesis approaches for carbon-based photocatalysts, discussing the multiple roles played by carbon materials in these processes. In conclusion, the review offers insights into the current state of carbon-based photocatalysts and outlines the existing challenges. It also provides a perspective on the future development of these materials, highlighting the need for continued research and innovation in this field.

An ultrasensitive dual-mode aptasensor for patulin based on the upconversion particles and G-Quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme.

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin-produced secondary metabolite that can contaminate foods, causing toxic effects on animal and human health. Therefore, for the first time, we have constructed a "turn-on" dual-mode aptamer sensor for PAT using oleic acid-coated upconversion nanomaterials (OA-UCNPs) and G-Quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme (G4-DNAzyme) as fluorescent and colorimetry probes. The sensor employs aptamers binding to PAT as recognition elements for specific molecule detection. Mxene-Au can be used as a biological inducer to assist OA-UCNPs in controlling fluorescence intensity. In addition, colorimetric signal amplification was performed using the trivalent G4-DNAzyme to increase detection sensitivity and reduce false positives. Under optimal conditions, the dual-mode aptasensor has a detection limit of 5.3 pg mL-1 in fluorescence and 2.4 pg mL-1 in colorimetric methods, respectively, with the wider linear range and limit of detection (LOD) of the colorimetric assay. The combination aptasensor can detect PAT with high sensitivity and high specificity and has broad application prospects in the field of food safety detection.

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors influencing childhood enuresis: a comprehensive survey study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with childhood enuresis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 146 children aged 6 to 13 years diagnosed with enuresis at Anhui Province Children's Hospital between June 2020 and June 2023. Children were categorized based on bedwetting frequency: those with less frequent episodes (once a week to twice a month) were placed in the mild group (60 cases), and those with frequent episodes (two or more times per week) were placed in the severe group (86 cases). We compared demographic data, family histories, and personal characteristics between the groups and performed logistic regression to determine significant risk factors. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that a stubborn personality, nocturnal polyuria, sleep-wake disorders, and bladder dysfunction significantly increased the risk of enuresis (P < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach in evaluating psychological aspects, nocturnal urination patterns, sleep quality, and bladder health in managing enuresis. CONCLUSION: The study identifies stubborn personality, nocturnal polyuria, sleep-wake disorders, and bladder dysfunction as independent risk factors for childhood enuresis. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions that can enhance the management and outcomes of enuresis. Future research should explore the interrelationships among these factors to refine preventive and therapeutic strategies for early childhood enuresis.

LDHA-induced histone lactylation mediates the development of osteoarthritis through regulating the transcription activity of TPI1 gene.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide joint disease, leading to the physical pain, stiffness, and even disability. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is known as a lactylation mediator that can regulate histone lactylation of its target genes. However, the role of LDHA-mediated histone H3 lysine 18 lactylation (H3K18la) in OA progression is yet to be clarified. Our study aims at revealing the role and mechanism of LDHA-mediated histone lactylation in the glycolysis of chondrocytes. In this study, we determined at first that the H3K18la level was enhanced in OA. Energy metabolism such as glycolysis is often altered in OA progress. Therefore, we further explored the mechanism mediating glycolysis and thus promoting OA progress. Moreover, glycolysis was enhanced in LPS-induced OA cell model, as evidenced by the increased glucose consumption and lactate production. Furthermore, we silenced LDHA for loss-of-function assays. The results showed that knockdown of LDHA suppressed glycolysis of LPS-induced chondrocytes. In vivo animal study demonstrated that knockout of LDHA recovered cartilage injury of OA mice. Mechanistically, we uncovered that LDHA-mediated H3K18la in TPI1 promoter enhanced the transcription activity of TPI1. Mutation of K69 site was found to ameliorate LPS-induced glycolysis in OA cell model. In conclusion, our study reveals the role of LDHA-mediated H3K18la of TPI1 promoter in OA progress.

Manic Residual Symptoms Also Deserve Attention: A Symptom Network Analysis of Residual Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Lots of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) continue to have residual symptoms after treatment in their remission, BD exhibits intricate characteristics and transformation patterns in its residual symptoms, residual symptoms of different polarities and degrees can mix with and transform to each other. There is a need for further investigation of BD as a comprehensive multivariate disease system. The current research lacks network analyses focusing on BD's residual and subsyndromal symptoms. Methods: 242 patients were included with bipolar disorder in remission. We compared demographic data and differences in symptoms between populations with and without residual symptoms using t-tests and chi-square tests, with FDR applied for multiple comparison correction. Logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for residual symptoms. Symptom networks were compared by network analysis to analyze the relationships between different types of residual symptoms. Results: Depressive residual symptoms (N=111) were more common than manic residual symptoms (n=29) in the patients included. The comparison between two groups with and without residual symptoms shows no difference in demographic data and medical history information. The main influencing factors related to residual symptoms were time from diagnosis to first treatment (OR=0.88), the first(OR=1.51) and second (OR=17.1)factors of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS)(OR=5.28), the psychological(OR=0.68) and environment (OR=1.53) subscale of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). There was a significant difference in network structure between the groups with and without residual symptoms (network invariance difference=0.4, p =0.025). At the same time, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without depressive residual symptoms. However, the symptom network in patients with depressive residual symptoms is more loosely structured than in those without, with symptoms exhibiting weaker interconnections. When there is no depressive or manic residual symptom, it can still form a symptom network and cause an impact on social function. Conclusion: This study underscores the complexity of bipolar disorder's residual symptoms. Although it primarily manifests as loosely structured depressive residual symptoms, manic residual symptoms should not be ignored. Future research should explore network-based interventions targeting specific symptom clusters or connections to improve residual symptom management and patient outcomes.

Using the Electronic Health Record to Implement Expedited Partner Therapy in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVES: Expedited partner therapy (EPT) is a partner treatment strategy for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including gonorrhea and chlamydia as well as trichomoniasis in some states. The process allows healthcare providers to write prescriptions for STI treatment among partners of infected patients without a previous medical evaluation. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has recommended EPT as a useful option to facilitate partner treatment, particularly male partners of women with chlamydia or gonorrhea infections. Our institution implemented EPT in 2016 after Ohio legislation was passed to authorize its use. We aim to describe the implementation process and descriptive outcomes of EPT adoption in a pediatric emergency department. METHODS: This study describes use of the electronic health record for implementation of EPT in our institution. We conducted a retrospective review of EPT utilization from implementation. Electronic records from the implementation date of January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2021, were reviewed. We describe basic demographics and overall uptake of the intervention. Fisher exact tests were used for categorical variables and two-sample t-tests for continuous variables. RESULTS: There was a total of 3275 positive test results and 739 EPT prescriptions written. Adolescent patients who received prescriptions for EPT were more likely to be female (78.7% of all EPT prescriptions, P = 0.007) and older than other patients (average age 17.7 vs 17.4 years, P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in race, insurance, or ethnicity among adolescent patients receiving and not receiving EPT. The percentage of positive STI tests associated with an EPT prescription ranged between 11.4% and 18.2%. Metronidazole was the most prescribed EPT medication. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the electronic health record provides a platform for implementation of EPT. Our study highlights a potential strategy for increasing treatments of STIs through EPT prescribing in the emergency department setting.

Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on Pb(II) Adsorption onto a Loessial Soil (Sierozem) and Its Mechanism.

Microplastics (MPs) have received significant attention recently. However, their influence on soil heavy metal adsorption remains unclear. The effect of polystyrene (PS) MPs on the adsorption of Pb(II) onto a loessial soil (sierozem) was studied by batch experiments in single soil (S), soil with 1 mm PS (S-PS1), and soil with 100 µm PS (S-PS100) systems. The mechanisms of Pb(II) adsorption reduction were investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) reached equilibrium within 12 h, and the pseudo-second-order model fitted the adsorption processes best. The Langmuir adsorption model provided a better fit to the isotherms, compared to the Freundlich one. The presence of PS decreased the level of adsorption of Pb(II). Larger PS particle size, dose, and fulvic acid (FA) concentration inhibited Pb(II) adsorption onto the soil. The solution pH value showed a positive correlation with the adsorption amount. The adsorption amounts (q e) of Pb(II) in binary metal systems (Cu-Pb and Cd-Pb) were lower than those in single Pb systems, indicating the competitive adsorption among the ions. The adsorption amount presented a trend of S > S-PS100 > S-PS1. The primary mechanism on which PS reduced the adsorption of Pb(II) was the "dilution effect" of MPs. Conclusively, the presence of MPs might elevate the availability of heavy metals by reducing the soil's adsorption capacity for them and then amplifying the risk of heavy metal contamination and migration.

Long-Term Outcomes of Sex Differences in Three-Vessel Coronary Disease with Different Treatment Strategies: A Large Cohort Study.

Aim: The information assessing sex differences in outcomes of patients with three-vessel coronary disease (TVD) after different treatment strategies is sparse. This study aimed to investigate long-term outcomes of TVD among women compared with men after medical therapy (MT) alone, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Methods: Consecutive 8943 patients with TVD were enrolled. Associations between sex and all-cause death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) were assessed. Results: Of the 8943 patients, 1821 (20.4%) were women. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, women had comparable incidences of all-cause death (16.6% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.079) and MACCE (27.2% vs. 26.1%, P = 0.320) to men. After multivariable analysis, women showed lower adjusted risks of all-cause death (HR: 0.777; P = 0.001) and MACCE (HR: 0.870; P = 0.016) than men in the entire cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that the less all-cause death risk of women relative to men was significant in PCI (HR: 0.702; P = 0.009), and CABG groups (HR: 0.708; P = 0.047), but not in MT alone group. Lower MACCE risk for women vs. men was significant only in PCI group (HR: 0.821; P = 0.037). However, no significant interaction between sex and three strategies was observed for all-cause death (P for interaction = 0.312) or MACCE (P for interaction = 0.228). Conclusions: The cardiovascular prognosis of TVD female patients is better than that of men, which has no interaction with the treatment strategies received (MT alone, PCI, or CABG).

Lutetium-177-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Therapy: What Is the Value of Post-Therapeutic Imaging?

Lutetium-177 (Lu-177)-labelled radioligand therapies (RLT) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) present a promising treatment for patients with progressive metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Personalized dosimetry, facilitated by post-therapeutic imaging, offers the potential to enhance treatment efficacy by customizing radiation doses to individual patient needs, thereby maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing toxicity to healthy tissues. However, implementing personalized dosimetry is resource-intensive, requiring multiple single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT)/CT scans and posing significant logistical challenges for both healthcare facilities and patients. Despite these challenges, personalized dosimetry can lead to optimized radiation delivery, improved safety, and better management of complex cases. Nevertheless, the financial and resource burdens complicate its adoption in routine clinical practice. While the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) supports personalized dosimetry, standardization is lacking due to these practical constraints. Further research and streamlined methodologies are essential to balance the benefits and feasibility of personalized dosimetry, potentially improving treatment outcomes for mCRPC patients.

Genome-wide identification of R2R3-MYB family in Eriobotrya japonica and functional analysis of EjMYB5 involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis.

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a popular fruit and medicinal plant. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), as one of the main types of flavonoids, are the key components of loquat fruit quality and medicinal properties. However, the identification of transcription factors (TFs) involved in PA accumulation in loquat remains limited. R2R3-MYB TFs play key regulatory role in PA accumulation in plants. In this study, 190 R2R3-MYB TFs were identified in loquat genome. Combined with transcriptome data, R2R3-MYB TF EjMYB5 involved in PA accumulation in loquat was isolated. EjMYB5 was transcriptional activator localized to nucleus. Expression of EjMYB5 was closely related to PA accumulation in loquat fruits. Heterogenous overexpression of EjMYB5 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and promoted PA accumulation. Additionally, transient overexpression of EjMYB5 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves promoted PA accumulation by upregulating flavonoid biosynthesis genes (NtDFR, NtANS, and NtLAR). Transcriptome analysis of EjMYB5-overexpressing tomato fruits suggested that EjMYB5 was involved in several biological pathways, including lipid metabolism, MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings provided basic data for further analysis the function of R2R3-MYB TFs in loquat, and revealed that EjMYB5 functioned as PA accumulation in loquat.

Sensitive fluorescence detection of miRNA-124 in cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress using a nucleic acid probe.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of 18-25 bases. miRNAs are also important new biomarkers that can be used for disease diagnosis in the future. Studies have shown that miR-124 levels are significantly elevated during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and play a key role in the cardiovascular system. A variety of methods have been established to detect myocardial infarction-related miRNAs. However, most require complex miRNA extraction and isolation, and these methods are virtually undetectable when RNA levels are low in the sample. It may lead to biased results. Thus, it is necessary to develop a technique that can detect miRNA without extracting it, which means that intracellular detection is of great significance. Here, we improved the traditional silicon spheres and obtained a biosensor that could effectively capture and detect specific noncoding nucleic acids through the layer-by-layer assembly method. The sensor is protected by hyaluronic acid so it can successfully escape the lysosome into the cell and achieve detection. With the help of a full-featured microplate reader, we determined that the detection limit of the biosensor could reach 1 fM, meeting the needs of intracellular detection. At the same time, we prepared an oxidative stress cardiomyocyte infarction model and successfully captured the overexpressed miR-124 in the infarcted cells to achieve in situ detection. This study could provide a new potential tool to develop miRNAs for sensitive diagnosis in AMI, and the proposed strategy implies its potential for biomedical research.

Experimental Study on Damage Effect of Mid-Infrared Pulsed Laser on Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and HgCgTe Detectors.

As the weak link in electro-optical imaging systems, photodetectors have always faced the threat of laser damage. In this paper, we experimentally investigated the damage mechanism of the photodetector induced by the out-of-band laser. The damage thresholds of the mid-infrared pulsed laser for Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and HgCdTe detectors were determined through damage experiments. The analysis of the damage phenomena and data for both CCD and HgCdTe detectors clearly demonstrated that out-of-band mid-infrared pulsed lasers could entirely incapacitate CCD and HgCdTe detectors. Our analysis of the damage process and data revealed that the primary mechanism of damage to CCD and HgCdTe detectors by mid-infrared pulsed lasers was primarily thermal. This study serves as a reference for further research on the mid-infrared pulsed laser damage mechanisms of CCD and HgCdTe detectors, as well as for laser protection and performance optimization in imaging systems.

Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on International Staple Agrifood Trade Networks.

The Russia-Ukraine conflict is a growing concern worldwide and poses serious threats to regional and global food security. Using monthly trade data for maize, rice, and wheat from 2016/1 to 2023/12, this paper constructs three international crop trade networks and an aggregate international food trade network. We aim to examine the structural changes following the occurrence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We find significant shifts in the number of edges, average in-degree, density, and efficiency in the third quarter of 2022, particularly in the international wheat trade network. Additionally, we have shown that political reasons have caused more pronounced changes in the trade connections between the economies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Russia than with Ukraine. This paper could provide insights into the negative impact of geopolitical conflicts on the global food system and encourage a series of effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact of the conflict on global food trade.

Lnc PVT1 facilitates TGF-ß1-induced human cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro and ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis in vivo through regulating MYC.

Cardiac fibrosis is a commonly seen pathophysiological process in various cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary heart disorder, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac fibroblast trans-differentiation into myofibroblasts (MFs) is a key link in myocardial fibrosis. LncRNA PVT1 participates in fibrotic diseases in multiple organs; however, its role and mechanism in cardiac fibrosis remain largely unknown. Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were stimulated with TGF-ß1 to induce myofibroblast; Immunofluorescent staining, Immunoblotting, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to detect the myofibroblasts phenotypes and lnc PVT1 expression. Cell biological phenotypes induced by lnc PVT1 knockdown or overexpression were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Immunoblotting. A mouse model of myocardial fibrosis was induced using isoproterenol (ISO), and the cardiac functions were examined by echocardiography measurements, cardiac tissues by H&E, and Masson trichrome staining. In this study, TGF-ß1 induced HCF transformation into myofibroblasts, as manifested as significantly increased levels of α-SMA, vimentin, collagen I, and collagen III; the expression level of lnc PVT1 expression showed to be significantly increased by TGF-ß1 stimulation. The protein levels of TGF-ß1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 were also decreased by lnc PVT1 knockdown. Under TGF-ß1 stimulation, lnc PVT1 knockdown decreased FN1, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III protein contents, inhibited HCF cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis, and inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Lnc PVT1 positively regulated MYC expression with or without TGF-ß1 stimulation; MYC overexpression in TGF-ß1-stimulated HCFs significantly attenuated the effects of lnc PVT1 knockdown on HCF proliferation and trans-differentiation to MFs. In the ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis model, lnc PVT1 knockdown partially reduced fibrotic area, improved cardiac functions, and decreased the levels of fibrotic markers. In addition, lnc PVT1 knockdown decreased MYC and CDK4 levels but increased E-cadherin in mice heart tissues. lnc PVT1 is up-regulated in cardiac fibrosis and TGF-ß1-stimulated HCFs. Lnc PVT1 knockdown partially ameliorates TGF-ß1-induced HCF activation and trans-differentiation into MFs in vitro and ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis in vivo, potentially through interacting with MYC and up-regulating MYC.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy and prognosis of the two techniques for treating partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon tears under arthroscopy.

BACKGROUND: At present, shoulder arthroscopy is usually used for treatment of rotator cuff injuries. There is still debate over the precise technique of using shoulder arthroscopy to treat partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon injuries. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of the arthroscopic transtendon repair method and the arthroscopic full-thickness repair method in the treatment of patients with Ellman III partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon tears and to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative efficacy. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; level of evidence,4. METHODS: A total of 84 partial-thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT) patients with Ellman III injuries who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 were selected and divided into the arthroscopic trans-tenon repair group (32 cases) and the arthroscopic full-thickness repair group (52 cases). Shoulder joint pain and functional status were assessed by the Constant score, ASES score and VAS score; shoulder mobility was assessed by measuring shoulder ROM. The clinical outcomes of the two groups of patients were compared, and the factors affecting the postoperative efficacy of the patients were investigated. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The Constant score, ASES score, and VAS score of the two groups of patients were all improved compared with those before surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the Constant score, ASES score, or VAS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative ASES score and whether biceps tenotomy was performed were independent risk factors for satisfactory postoperative efficacy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients with Ellman III partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon tears, the arthroscopic transtendon repair method and the arthroscopic full-thickness repair method can both significantly improve the shoulder pain and function of the patient, but there is no significant difference between the efficacy of the two surgical methods. The preoperative ASES score and whether biceps tenotomy was performed were independent risk factors for satisfactory postoperative efficacy in PTRCT patients with Ellman III injury.

Laminarin-modulated osmium nanozymes with high substrate-affinity and selective peroxidase-like behavior engineered colorimetric assay for hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity estimation.

Hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging capacity (HOSC) estimation is essential for evaluating antioxidants, natural extracts, or drugs against clinical diseases. While nanozymes offer advantages in related applications, they still face limitations in activity and selectivity. In response, this work showcases the fabrication of laminarin-modulated osmium (laminarin-Os) nanoclusters (1.45 ± 0.05 nm), functioning as peroxidase-like nanozymes within a colorimetric assay tailored for rational HOSC estimation. This study validates both the characterization and remarkable stability of laminarin-Os. By leveraging the abundant surface negative charges of laminarin-Os and the surface hydroxyls of laminarin, oxidation reactions are facilitated, augmenting laminarin-Os's affinity for 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (KM = 0.04 mM). This enables the laminarin-Os-based colorimetric assay to respond to ·OH more effectively than citrate-, albumin-, or other polysaccharides-based Os. In addition, experimental results also validate the selective peroxidase-like behavior of laminarin-Os under acidic conditions. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione, tannic acid, and cysteine inhibit absorbance at 652 nm in the colorimetric platform using laminarin-Os's peroxidase-like activity. Compared with commercial kits, this assay demonstrates superior sensitivity (e.g., responds to ascorbic acid 0.01-0.075 mM, glutathione 1-15 µg/mL, tannic acid 0.5-5 µM, and monoammonium glycyrrhizinate cysteine 1.06-10.63 µM) and HOSC testing for glutathione, tannic acid, and monoammonium glycyrrhizinate cysteine. Overall, this study introduces a novel Os nanozyme with exceptional TMB affinity and ·OH selectivity, paving the way for HOSC estimation in biomedical research, pharmaceutical analysis, drug quality control, and beyond.