[Analysis of high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in married women aged 25 - 54 years in Beijing between 2007 - 2008].

OBJECTIVE: to investigate high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in married women aged 25 to 54 years in Beijing. METHODS: from Mar. 2007 to Sep. 2008, 6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly by cross sectional survey in a total of 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing. The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires, gynecological examination. The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected. Women with abnormal cervical cytology underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of related high risk factors with CIN were studied by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: among 6339 women, the prevalence rate of CIN including 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 5.90% (374/6339). By multinomial regression analysis, HR-HPV infection (95%CI: 9.953 - 15.811), History of trichomonas vaginitis (95%CI: 1.046 - 2.104), oral contraceptives (95%CI: 1.087 - 1.806), age less than 45 years old (95%CI: 1.069 - 1.828) were related with CIN. CONCLUSION: infection rate of HR-HPV is an independent risk factor of CIN, however, the history of trichomonas vaginitis, oral contraceptives and age less than 45 years old are related risk factors of CIN.

[Evaluation of different ultrasonic modalities for prenatal screening congenital heart diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of four chamber view, outflow tract view and color Doppler echocardiography for detecting the fetal congenital heart defects among high-risk populations. And to discuss the significance of screening congenital heart defects by three methods and select the suitable method for wider applications. METHODS: The echocardiographic records of all pregnant women performed at our hospital from January 2006 to December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively by screening of clinical epidemiology. All cases received ultrasonic examinations. The abnormal cases with postnatal confirmation by echocardiogram or autopsy were included. The abnormalities detected in each view were analyzed and classified. RESULTS: A total of 52 fetuses with congenital heart defects were detected by gray scale sonography and color Doppler sonography in 1310 cases. Each specific cardiac defect had its typical finding in these three planes. The sensitivities of three methods were 61.5%, 88.5% and 96.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: Four chamber view, outflow tract view and color Doppler sonography have played an important role in screening fetal common congenital heart defects. Outflow tract view is easy to operate and it may be recommended as a suitable method.

[Effects of cinnamic acid and vanillin on grafted eggplant root growth and physiological characteristics].

Choosing Solanum torvum as rootstock and cultivated Xi'anlü eggplant as scion, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of autotoxic substances (cinnamic acid and vanillin) on the root growth, antioxidase activity, and osmoregulation substances content of grafted eggplant, own-rooted eggplant, and rootstock eggplant. Cinnamic acid and vanillin had allelopathic effects on the root system of test eggplants, with low concentration promoting and higher concentration inhibiting the root growth and physiological metabolism. For own-rooted eggplant, the critical concentration of cinnamic acid and vanillin for promotion or inhibition was 0.1 mmol x kg(-1) and 0.5 mmol x kg(-1), respectively; whereas for grafted and rootstock eggplants, it was 0.5 mmol x kg(-1) and 1 mmol x kg(-1), respectively. The root resistance to autotoxic substances was in the order of root-stock eggplant > grafted eggplant > own-rooted eggplant. Higher concentration cinamic acid (0.5-4 mmol x kg(-1)) and vanillin (1-4 mmol x kg(-1)) enhanced the SOD enzyme activity and the proline and soluble sugar contents of grafted eggplant root by 8.50%-24.50%; 9.39%-27.64%, and 12.77%-81.81%, respectively, compared with own-rooted eggplant. The soluble protein content, fresh mass, dry mass, and root activity of grafted eggplant roots were significantly higher than those of own-rooted eggplant, suggesting that grafted eggplant had a strong resistance of rootstocks to autotoxic substances, which alleviated the negative effect of autotoxic substances on root growth.

[Epidemiological study on the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among married women aged 25-54 years in Beijing between 2007-2008].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among the married women aged 25-54 years in Beijing. METHODS: With method of cross sectional survey, 6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly in 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing from March 2007 to September 2008. The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected. Women with abnormal cervical cytology were underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy. RESULTS: Among 6339 women, 9.58% (607/6339) cases had abnormal cytological results, the colposcopy and cervical biopsy showed the rate of CIN was 5.84% (370/6339) in total selected women and 60.96% (370/607) in women with abnormal cervical cytology, including 4.65%(295/6339) in CIN I, 0.80% (51/6339) in CIN II, 0.38% (24/6339) in CIN III; 0.06% (4/6339) in early invasive carcinoma (SCC). Based on geographical distribution, the rate of cervical lesions was 4.46% (42/942) in urban areas, 6.27% (188/3000) in suburbs and 6.01% (144/2397) in outer suburbs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was found that the incidence of CIN was 5.84% in married women aged 25-54 years in Beijing, which did not show significant prevalence in urban, suburb and outer suburbs region.

[Study on the relations between high risk human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in married women from Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and relationship between high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in married women from Beijing. METHODS: From March 2007 to September 2008, a total of 6185 married women were sampled, covering 137 communities in 12 districts. The samples were screened by high-risk HPV DNA test (HC2) and cytological test. For those participants with cytological test results ≥ ASCUS, pathological tests were performed. An interview was also carried out with the same questionnaire. Results from the tests were inputted into the database twice using EpiData 3.0, reviewed, analyzed, using SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: (1) The prevalence rates of HR-HPV and CIN were 9.9% and 6.0%, respectively for the age group 25 to 54. (2) The peak age groups for HR-HPV and CIN prevalence rates were 30 to 34 years old. (3) The prevalence rates of positive cytology (40.3%) and CIN (30.4%) in HR-HPV positive female population were significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group. (4) Data from unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that, when comparing with the normal subjects, the risk odds ratios of HR-HPV with low grade CIN and cervical cancer/high grade CIN were 8.385 and 97.416 and the attributable risk proportions with these groups were 88.1% and 99.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HR-HPV infection seemed to be the main risk factor for CIN. Married women, from age group 30 - 34, were under the high risk group in both HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

[Epidemiological study of high risk human papillomavirus infection in 25 to 54 years old married women in Beijing.].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk factors. METHODS: During March 2007 to September 2008, a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened by HR-HPV DNA test and cytological test. The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires. The database was set up and twice entered in EpiData 3.0. After checked up, the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%. The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone, the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%, 10.51% and 9.51% (P > 0.05). The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the outlander were 9.53%, 11.30% (P < 0.05). (2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups, which was the highest (11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group; then the rate was descended as the age raising, the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest (7.78%). (3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month, possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband, outlander and high levels of education. (4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HR-HPV positive group was significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group (29.76% vs 3.32%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution. (2) The high risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income, outlander, high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner. (3) HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer, while does not provide a causal relationship with them. The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

[Regulation effects of grafting on cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates].

Cinnamic acid and vanillin are the allelochemicals commonly existed in eggplant root exudates. With pot culture experiment, the regulation effects of grafting on the cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates were studied, and the results showed that grafting decreased the amount of the two substances, especially of vanillin, in eggplants root system. The maximum reduction amount of cinnamic acid reached 68.96%, and that of vanillin reached 100%. Under the stress of exotic cinnamic acid and vanillin, especially of exotic cinnamic acid, grafting relieved the autotoxicity of the two substances on eggplants. Compared with own-rooted eggplant, grafted eggplant had a higher plant height and a larger stem diameter, its leaf chlorophyll content increased by 5.26%-13.12%, root electric conductivity and MDA content decreased, and root SOD activity enhanced.